1. “The Last Judgment” before the Renaissance…
Flip between this slide and the next, see if they can pick up on any the differences
The Last Judgment, Pietro Cavallini, 1293

2. … “The Last Judgment”…Renaissance
Michelangelo The Last Judgment

3. Developments in the Visual Arts
Greater realism and naturalism
Especially in the depiction of the human body and human emotions
Also shown in religious paintings
Introduction of secular themes and classical myths
Review the definition of ‘secular’

4. Developments in the Visual Arts
Perspective: creates the appearance of three dimesions on a flat surface
Review the definition of ‘secular’

5. Giotto di Bondone
Early pioneer of perspective, symmetry and proportion
Considered by some to be the father of Renaissance painting
Review the definition of ‘secular’
Life of Saint Francis of Assisi, 1296

6. Giotto di Bondone The Mourning of Christ, 1305
Review the definition of ‘secular’
The Mourning of Christ, 1305

7. Fra Angelico, Annunciation, 1425
Linear or one-point perspective
Vanishing point
Horizon line
“Annunciation” refers to the angel Gabriel informing Mary of her pregnancy

8. Advances in realism, naturalism and perspective from Early to High Renaissance
Fra Angelico, Annunciation c. 1425
Leonardo, Annunciation c

9. The Masters of the Renaissance
Not Just Ninja Turtles

10. Leonardo da Vinci Born in Vinci
Became a painters apprentice in Florence
A true, “Renaissance Man”
Discuss the idea of “Renaissance” man

11. Leonardo the Scientist
Studied anatomy
Dissected animals and humans to learn how bodies move
Perfected proportion

12. Leonardo the Inventor Preoccupied with human flight
studied the wings of birds and bats
Designed many ‘flying machines’ including gliders, parachutes, helicopters, and wings
none were successfully built in his lifetime
Also mention his advances in military equipment including, tanks, armor, guns, etc.

13. Leonardo the Artist
Wanted to capture the reality of people and their emotions
Made many sketches before beginning a painting
Sketched continuously, most of the fictional charters in his paintings are from sketches he did in cafes, parks, and on the street. Leda and the swan is a good example, this woman in his sketch book is labeled girl at the market, while her image portrays Leda from Greek mythology.
Detail; Leda and the Swan

14. Leonardo da Vinci, untitled sketch
Greater attention to emotion and human body

15. What is Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting?

16. Mona Lisa

17. Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci
Possibly the most famous work of art ever produced
Is currently owned by the French government and hangs in the Louvre in Paris
There has been much speculation about the identity of the model, but it is most likely, Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a wealthy silk merchant in Florence
This painting is also known as La Gioconda or “the light hearted woman” in Italian
It measures only 77x53cm (it used to be larger, for originally there were two columns, one on either side of her, showing that she was on a terrace)

18. Why does she look so mysterious?
The horizon line in the back ground is uneven which makes our eyes always come back to focus on her eyes

19. Why does she look so mysterious?
Leonardo used a technique called sfumato; he blended the lines around her eyes and mouth giving them a sense of vague movement or unclear emotion

20. More of Mona Lisa’s mystery…
She has been stolen three times
In 1956 acid was thrown on it, damaging the lower portion. It is now in a bullet proof glass case
X-rays have shown there are three different versions of the Mona Lisa hidden under the present one.

21. Mona Lisa at the Louvre Paris, France

22. My adventure of seeing the Mona Lisa

25. Mrs. Dwyer is NOT happy

27. What about the other art in the room?

28. Da Vinci
The Last Supper

29. Michelangelo Bounarroti
born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany
Like Leonardo, he was an architect, painter, sculptor, and writer.
Did not like Leonardo
Lived to be 89.
he thought that sculpture was the highest form of art

30. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
The Pieta was his first large commissioned work
marble

31. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
David
commissioned in 1501
14ft tall, single piece of marble
Classical-Hellenistic features
Review Hellenistic

32. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
This shows David before he killed Goliath (many previous sculptures of David, depict a very relaxed David with his foot on the dead Goliaths head). Michelangelo’s David looks worried

33. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Fresco; painting on wet plaster
Was asked to paint the 12 apostles and a few decorations on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel
After over one year of painting he revealed a colossal fresco with over 300 figures
Why the ceiling? Because the side walls were already painted

34. Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel Ceiling

36. Sistine Chapel (Details)
Head of God, detail from the Creation of Adam
This fresco is located in the fifth compartment in the northern wall.
Creation of Adam

37. Sistine Chapel (Details)
Separation of the Earth from the Waters
Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Planets

38. Sistine Chapel (Details)
Ignudo means “decorative nude figures” but scholars now believe that they represent more than just decoration but a have purpose of acting as intermediaries between humans and God in the painting (like spirits or angels)
Ignudo

39. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works The Last Judgment

40. Michelangelo’s Greatest Works
The Last Judgment
Also in the Sistine Chapel, but painted several years after the ceiling
Depicts Christ, as the central figure, judging those who will go to heaven or hell

41. The Last Judgment (detail)
The flayed skin is a self portrait of the artist
Saint Bartholomew with a flayed skin
Christ as Judge

42. The “fig leaf controversy” and The Last Judgment
Though the painting was commissioned by Pope Paul III, the cardinals Carafa and Sarnini objected to the nudity in the painting and ordered it destroyed
The pope refused, but after the death of the pope and Michelangelo, the genitals were painted over
Yet before finishing the painting Michelangelo painted the portraits of both of the cardinals being condemned to hell

43. Raffaello Sanzio (Raphael)
Italian, born around the same time as Michelangelo
Primarily a painter
Some architecture
Died 44 years before Michelangelo

44. Raphael’s Greatest Works
                          
Used balanced pyramidal arrangement, like Leonardo
Very peaceful bright landscaped backgrounds
Mary, Jesus, and John the Baptist (Jesus’ second cousin)
Unlike the figures of Leonardo and Michelangelo, “calm, restrained, and harmonious”
Raphael Madonna of the Meadow

45. Raphael’s Greatest Works
Raphael The School of Athens

46. Raphael’s Greatest Works
Shows mastery of perspective
Depicts the famous mathematicians, philosophers, writers, and artists of ancient Greece in a Renaissance setting
Raphael The School of Athens

47. Donatello Born in Florence
Influenced the early stages of the Renaissance
Primarily a sculptor

48. Donatello’s Greatest Works
At the time of its creation, it was the first free-standing nude statue since ancient times
Depicts a confident David stepping on the head to the slain Goliath
Bronze
Donatello David

49. Donatello’s Greatest Works
Bronze
Proportion distorted to show power from below
Portrait of a famous Italian mercenary
Commissioned by Cosimo Medici
Gattamelato means slick cat in Italian and refers to his tactical strategies
Donatello Equestrian Monument to Gattamelato

50. Botticelli
Painted secular and mythological scenes in very large scale paintings
Previously only religious paintings were large
Paintings were often detailed floral patterns suggesting an influence of tapestries
La Primavera, 1482

51. Botticelli
Classical mythology
Venus and Mars, 1485

52. Sofonisba Anguissola
First woman artist to gain international reputation
Known for portraits
Portrait of Philip II, 1573
Self Portrait, 1556

53. Artemisia Gentileschi
Daughter of Roman artist
Painted historical and religious scenes
Most women painted only portraits
Judith slaying Holofernes, 1620

54. Andrea Magtegna, Dead Christ, 1490
Perfecting perspective to add tension or drama

55. The Northern Renaissance
Art and Artists

56. Albrecht Durer German One of the founders of the northern Renaissance
Most well known for his wood cuts and self-portraits
Woodcuts are similar to rubber stamps…Wood is cut away from a block, then spread with ink and placed on a paper
Durer The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 1498

57. Dürer, Self-Portrait at 28, 1500

58. Jan van Eyck Flemish (Belgium) Used oil-based paints
Used layering technique
Showed detailed personalities
Extremely realistic details
The Virgin of the Chancellor Rodin, 1435

59. Jan van Eyck
Wedding Portrait, 1434

60. Jan van Eyck
Wedding Portrait, 1434
Detail from back wall or painting

61. Pieter Bruegel Painted common life From the Netherlands
Children’s Games, 1560

62. Pieter Bruegel
Peasant Wedding, 1568

63. Pieter Bruegel
Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559

64. Peter Bruegel & William Carlos Williams

65. Hieronymus Bosch
Counter part of Leonardo da Vinci (lived in worked during the same time)
Stressed frailty and wickedness not beauty and nobility of humanity, like Leonardo
Often depicts disturbing images

66. Hieronymus Bosch’s Great Works
Third Day of Creation
Shows the world under water, refers to the biblical flood
The two panels are the outside doors of a case

67. Hieronymus Bosch’s Great Works
Triptychs are a piece (usually a painting) with three pieces
Garden of Earthly Delights (triptych)

68. Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights—The Earthly Paradise (Garden of Eden)
Left Panel of the triptych
Depicts the story of the creation

69. The Garden of Earthly Delights -Garden of Earthly Delights
Center panel
Depicts human evils before the flood

70. The Garden of Earthly Delights—Hell
Right panel of triptych
Depicts the punishments of hell