1. Linking Air Quality & Climate Change strategies at city level
Challenges and opportunities for the new Madrid AQ&CC Plan
Solutions urbaines pour réduire la pollution de l'air, ralentir le réchauffement climatique et préserver la santé humaine
Nantes – 26th September 2016
Paris, 12th September 2016

2. Centre: high density (>20,000 inhab./Km2)
21 districts:
Centre: high density (>20,000 inhab./Km2)
Architectural and historic heritage.
High ecological value areas in the north (Monte de El Pardo being 26% of the municipal area).
Low density development areas in the southeast.
This slide is just to provide some general figures about the city of Madrid: area; population; the city is divided in 21 administrative units or districts.
These 21 districts are very different: in the center we have high density whereas in the southeast we have low density developments
Within the municipality boundaries we have important natural areas such as Monte de El Pardo, Casa de Campo and important and large urban parks (Retiro, Juan Carlos I, Felipe VI, …) 2 2

3. Air pollutant emissions
Public transport
Aprox. 1,500 million passengers
Private transport
1,400,000 cars
45 cars /100 inhabitants
Daily entrance of 1,000,000 cars
Air pollutant emissions
Road transport is the main source of NOx and particulate matter
Monitoring network
24 automatic stations
Also, before going into detail about GHG measurement and reporting, I wanted to illustrate the most challeging environmental issue in the city of Madrid: complying air quality standards.
Madrid ,like most of the European capitals, is not complying with AQ standards and road transport is the main responsible.
Madrid has a high quality pubic transport system but we still face congestion problems, especially when it rains.
But this is good news for climate change, because most applicable measures that improve air quality, will also benefit climate change.
This also explains why we begin to measure air pollutants emissions, including green house gases. 3 3

4. Exceedances of annual limit value for NO2
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Number of sites 18 15 10 8 6 13
Exceedances of hourly limit value for NO2
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Number of sites 6 9 3 5 8

5. CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS Regional Climate Projections:
Heatwaves increase (20% days - 3,5º-4º max.)
Longer drought periods (5-10 days/year)
More days with extreme precipitation.
Increase average T (2,5-3) –decrease average P(100mm)
Climate change expected effects:
Pluvial flooding.
Water supply.
Human health.
Green areas and biodiversity.
Building and public space use patterns.
There is a lot of issues that I could tell about GHG gas emissions monitoring and reporting but I also want to talk something about climate change risks.
We are now increasing available data about climate change risk at a local level, studying climate projections or evaluating climate change expected effects.
In summary, in Madrid we will face risks related with increases in temperatures, more intense heatwave periods, longer drought periods,…. 5 5

6. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Heatwaves on human health
Drought and water scarcity on economic activity
Flooding on buildings and infrastructures
Degradation of ecosystems and biodiversity loss
GIS Assesment (21 Districts)
Considers a total of 39 indicators:
exposure, adaptive capacity, sensitivity
To increase our knowledge about the climate change effects we have completed a vulnerability assessment at district levels.
We evaluate four chains of impacts:
Heatwaves on human health
Drougth and water scarcity and how it could affect the economic activity
Flooding on buildings and infrastructures
Degradation of ecosystems and biodiversity loss
To conduct this assessment, we have considered a total of 39 indicators related with exposure, adaptive capacity and sensitivity. 6 6

7. NOx emissions by source
Major sources of pollution
INVENTORY OF MADRID CITY AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
Road transport
55 % NOx
21 % GHG (total)
Buildings
13 % NOx
53 % GHG (total)
Waste
7 % NOx
10 % GHG
NOx emissions by source
Emerging parameters - Black carbon

8. Air Quality and Climate Change Plan
Existing Plans:
Air quality Plan
Energy Use and CC Plan Horizon 2020
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 2020
Public health perspective
Win-win policies to benefit both AQ and CC
Building consensus on challenging issues

9. DIFFICULT TO INCLUDE SEVERAL DIFFERENT CRITERIA
REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORT
How to establish a definition of clean vehicles?
DIFFICULT TO INCLUDE SEVERAL DIFFERENT CRITERIA
NOx PM
GHG
Energy efficiency
Noise

10. Biofuels and biomass. Is biomass suitable for urban heating ?
REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS
Biofuels and biomass. Is biomass suitable for urban heating ?
Impact of CHP decentralized energy systems
Renewable energy in electric grid systems

11. ASSESSMENT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
REDUCE EMISSIONS FROM WASTE MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT
OF MANAGEMENT
OPTIONS
Waste Collection fleet
Minimisation of methane release
Waste to energy processes

12. CORPORATE FLEETS AIR QUALITY EFFECTS OF ADAPTATION MEASURES
MADRID + NATURAL
Urban resilience through nature base solutions
Public spaces
Green Infraestructures
Buildings

13. Thank you! Juan Azcárate Luxán Contact Details
Madrid City Council – Environment and Mobility Area
SG Energy and Climate Change
Bustamante Madrid, Spain