1. Los adjetivos demostrativos
Demonstrative Adjectives
“This book, that book, that book over there...”
Aventura 1, capítulo 6, página 239

2. Demonstrative adjectives are an important part of everyday life
Demonstrative adjectives are an important part of everyday life. We use them all the time! Such as...
This book.
That teacher.
Those desks.
These shoes.

3. In English, demonstrative adjectives are:
this & these
that & those

4. You: “Mom, this dress is so pretty!” Mom: “Yes, it is. But that dress
They are used before a noun (which is a person, place or thing) to point out or draw attention to where someone or something is located in relation to the speaker.
You: “Mom, this dress is so pretty!”
Mom: “Yes, it is. But that dress
is even prettier!”

5. Let’s take a look at this
In Spanish, we have the equivalent, as well as an extra set of adjectives to designate things that are even farther away.
Let’s take a look at this
to see what it means...

6. For things that are closest to you, you would choose the equivalent of this & these. In Spanish, because all adjectives have gender and number, you have 4 possibilities to express this idea of location. They are:
singular
plural
masculine
este
estos
femenine
esta
estas

7. So, for example:
I like this book.
Me gusta este libro.
I like these books.
Me gustan estos libros.
This skirt is pretty.
Esta falda es bonita.
These skirts are pretty, too.
Estas faldas son bonitas, también.

8. For things that are farther away from you, you would choose the equivalent of that & those. Again, because all adjectives have gender and number in Spanish, you have 4 possibilities to express this idea of location. They are:
singular
plural
masculine
ese
esos
femenine
esa
esas

9. For example:
That dog is adorable.
Ese perro es adorable.
Those dogs are adorable.
Esos perros son adorables.
That girl is funny.
Esa muchacha es cómica.
Those girls are funny, too.
Esas muchachas son cómicas, también.

10. aquel aquellos aquella aquellas
Now, there are also times when you need to indicate things or people that are even farther away than “that or those.” In English we simply say
“that book (way) over there” or “those cars way over there”.
Such adjectives, again, have gender and number.
They are:
singular
plural
masculine
aquel
aquellos
femenine
aquella
aquellas

11. So, for example:
That car way over there is fast.
Aquel carros es rápido.
Those cars way over there are fast.
Aquellos carros son rápidos.
That purse way over there is expensive.
Aquella bolsa es cara.
Those purses way over there are expensive.
Aquellas bolsas son caras.

12. Remember that the demonstrative adjective you use depends on
location, location, location!
This backpack.
Esta mochila.
That backpack.
Esa mochila.
That backpack way over there.
Aquella mochila.