1. Build up to…WW2… Between the Wars

2. Literature and Arts: The Lost Generation
New ideas change long-held ___________ people had about the world (New Science)
Writers, Authors, and ____________ in 1920s-1930s express loss of hope, former rules, and __________
Literature and Arts: The Lost Generation
beliefs
musicians
governments
Many people turned to communism and dictatorships in the 20s and 30s!
Albert Einstein
(Scientist)
T.S. Eliot
(Poet)
Ernest Hemingway
(Writer)

3. Women’s Suffrage Movement
This means the right to __________ !
vote
Women’s Suffrage Movement
Women demand more ___________ all over world
Women’s Suffrage: New Zealand ________, Great Britain ________, U.S (19th Amendment)
Women had helped in the war ________ while men were at war
rights
1891
1918
Women felt they had more to offer than traditional roles! Many wanted to make contributions to society!
effort

4. The Great Depression
After WWI: Countries owe War _________ and have cities to _____________ (Very expensive)
U.S. experiences economic boom until the Stock Market Crash of _____________
Worldwide Depression
debts
rebuild
1929

5. The unemployment rate dramatically increased between 1921 and 1938.
Industrial Unemployment Rates
Country
United States
United Kingdom
France
Germany
7.9
12.0
3.8
9.2
26.1
15.4
10.2
21.8
Source (of statistics): Peter Temin, Lessons from the Great Depression (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989), page 3.
According to the above chart what happened to
Unemployment Rates from compared
To those from ? (Make a complete sentence!)
__________________________________________________
The unemployment rate dramatically increased between 1921 and 1938.

6. CAUSES of the DEPRESSION Impact of the Depression
The Great Depression
CAUSES of the DEPRESSION
1) Less ________ for Raw Materials after WWI
2) Overproduction of ____________ goods
3) The Stock Market ____________
Impact of the Depression
Banks and _________ close putting millions out of work
Decline in Global __________ (countries not trading after war)
Many people lose faith in _________ and capitalism (Especially in Germany)
Massive ___________ (money not worth anything)
factories
Demand
Trade/economy
Democracy
consumer
inflation
crashed

8. The Russian Empire experienced the _________
Russian Revolution
FROM  TO 
Czar Nicholas II
ABSOLUTISM
Communist Leaders: Lenin and Stalin
TOTALITARIANISM/COMMUNISM
The Russian Empire experienced the _________
Effect of NATIONALISM. The Russian
Revolution was ______________
BOMB
Violent at times

9. 4 Reasons for the Revolution:
AFTER: ___________ ruled
4 Reasons for the Revolution:
czar
BEFORE:___________ ruled
Bolsheviks
Czarist (absolute monarchy)
#1 ________ rule
#2 ________ unrest
#3 Problems of _________ workers
#4 ________ and nationalism
Civil
urban
Diversity

10. There were actually TWO Revolutions:
The Revolution of _________ and the Revolution of __________
1905
1917
1905
Known as ___________ Sunday
Peaceful protestors fired upon in St. Petersburg by the Czar
Peasants _________ and lost faith/respect for the Czar
Result: Czar Nicholas promises changes but doesn’t ___________
Bloody
landless
Follow-through
1917
People in __________ sick of fighting in WWI (2 million dead!)
March 1917: _________ government takes over but FAILS
(kept sending soldiers to war)
_____________ take over and establish a socialist regime
Russia
provisional
Communists (Bolsheviks)

11. So Why Did People Like This Bald Guy Anyway?
Remember Karl Marx? Yeah, he’s the one who thought up Communism. The Bolsheviks liked him!
Communist
Bolshevik = _______
So Why Did People Like This Bald Guy Anyway?
Top Leader of the Bolsheviks:
__________________  Yep,this guy!
Vladimir Lenin
Lenin

12. ________ Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germany gets Russia out of WWI
STABLIZES COUNTRY

13. ________
BREAD
People/Peasants will have enough
To eat! Finally!

14. ________
LAND
No more peasants who work the land for rich landowners! People considered EQUAL! End of SERFDOM!

15. Communists
Civil WAR: The _______(Bolsheviks) beat the _________ (Czar’s Army). The Czars family is EXECUTED
Russia becomes known as the ______________________(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
Lenin: New ___________ Policy (helps to boost Soviet economy). The Government will run ALL businesses =
____________ economy
Lenin gets sick and dies. This guy will take over: ________
White Army
USSR
Economic
command
STALIN

16. Establishes a __________ state
STALIN
1924: _______
dies. Stalin
takes over!
Lenin
Establishes a __________ state
Totalitarian

17. Establishes a totalitarian state
Stalin:
Establishes a totalitarian state
One-Party dictatorship that regulates ALL aspects of the lives of its citizens! (Sort of like/Should remind you of) ____________
autocracy

18. ____________________
Known For:
____________________
promoted Russian history, language, culture, and forbid practices of native people
only appointed RUSSIANS to most important government jobs
redrew geographical boundaries
Stalin's Rule
RUSSIFICATION

19. It means you think things are happening that actually ARE NOT or that you think others are doing thins to hurt you (it’s all in YOUR HEAD)
Because Stalin was PARANOID, he accused thousands of people (including his closest friends) of crimes against the government! Launched the _____________ Purge (Trials to have his enemies jailed or killed!)
PARANOIA
GREAT

20. Who makes the decisions?
COMMAND ECONOMY
Who makes the decisions?
Stalin and his government controlled ALL
Businesses
Factories
Farms
Government (in USSR soviets, or worker councils)

21. Karl Marx WHO? ___________ Father of Communism everyone
supposedly equal
Most extreme type of socialism
WHO?
___________
Karl Marx

22. Even though Stalin industrialized the Soviet Union, MOST PEOPLE WERE
STILL _____________ (low standard of living!)
With a ___________ economy, people were not MOTIVATED to produce goods of high quality
POOR
COMMAND

23. This means the government controlled ALL _____________
COLLECTIVIZATION
This means the government controlled ALL _____________
Peasants forced to live on collectives (big state farms where the Gov. owns all the animals and farm equipment
Many peasants REFUSE to move to these farms or SABOTAGE production
THIS LED TO…
FARMING

24. Some peasants refused to move to big state farms
FORCED FAMINE
Some peasants refused to move to big state farms
Some peasants resist Stalin by growing just enough ________ for themselves (the KULAKS, a group of peasants in the Ukraine)
RESULT: Stalin seized ALL the grain. AT LEAST _____ million starved!
FOOD
3-6

25. 5-YEAR PLANS
Stalin’s Plans to __________ the Soviet Union and catch up to the West (The U.S.
And Western Europe)
All country’s $ spent on ________ (consumer goods like butter, eggs, and shoes
were neglected)
Industrialize
Heavy industry, like steel, military production

26. The First Leaders of the Soviet Union
Stalin
Lenin
Both spent time in exile
Wanted USSR to be a modern industrial power
Wanted to create a classless society
Served as Communist Party leaders
RUSSIFICATION
Allowed some private business
Secret police established
All farming under state control
Attempt to spread communist beliefs worldwide
Standard of living increases for most people under Peace, Bread, Land & New Economic Policy
Collective farms created where peasants are forced to live and create food for nation
Standard of living DECREASES for many people

27. FASCISM =
Totalitarianism
The Rise of Fascism

28. Where Fascism Developed:
_________________
Italy
(Mussolini)
_________________
Germany
(Hitler)

29. = Why Fascism Became Popular: High ________ rates No jobs
Communism
Why Fascism Became Popular:
High ________ rates
No jobs
Vibrant _______ promise to make things better (and do!)
Fear of _______
unemployment
Why Fascists ARE NOT Communists:
They allow private businesses and open ____________
leaders
competition
Communism (it had become a popular idea in Germany & Italy)
Typically, Fascists hate communists (i.e. fascist Germany/Italy hated Soviets)

30. The Rise of the NAZI Fascist Party
The Rise of Dictators
AFTER WWI:
Kaiser Wilhelm forced to step down.
Germany was a _______!
New government established after the war was the ____________ Republic
This was a democratic government. It was VERY __________.
Problems like _________ and War Guilt from WWI made many Germans upset with this government
The Rise of the NAZI Fascist Party
Germans wanted a leader who would give them ___________ and make them proud to be _________ again
Hitler led the _________ Party (National Socialist German Workers Party)
Hitler made Germans believe they were a __________ race who were destined to build a new _________
He gained power in 1933 (elected chancellor).
Germany
mess
hope
German
Hitler As a Dictator:
-silenced _________
-built up the military and violated the Treaty of ___________
-employed many people
-improved the German standard of _________
-Used education and the ________ as propaganda tools
Weimar
critics
NAZI
Versailles
weak
superior
Debt/inflation
living
empire
media

32. Italy
Mussolini promised to end ______________ and gain more _________ for Italy.
Vowed to outlaw rebellions and all threats to __________.
In 1922, using force and _________, he gained control of Italy.
He ended free _________, free ___________, and the free press.
All enemies were killed or _____________.
Italians gave up individual rights for the security he _____________ them.
depression
Land/territory
Benito Mussolini
government
terror
speech
religion
Jailed/put in prison
promised

34. -German _________ debts
NAZI RISE TO POWER
Weak Government
-Doubts about Weimar Gov
-Quarrels among different political groups
-Wish for a _______ leader like the kaiser
World War I
-German _________ debts
-Loss of German __________
-Wish for __________
war
pride
revenge
strong

35. -Use of ________ and force
NAZI RISE TO POWER
Leadership
-Use of ________ and force
-Idea of a superior ________
-Shift of blame to minority ________
Economic Problems
-________
-World-wide ________
-People were ________
inflation
terror
depression
race
disillusioned
groups

36. Japan
Japan actually was ruled by military leaders like General Tojo
Emperor Hirohito held official power
The building up of a nation’s ___________ or military for IMPERIALISTIC purposes.
(If you want to take over other countries, you NEED a strong military to overpower others! Duh!)
Militarism
army =

38. Causes of Japanese Militarism
-Unhappiness over the loss of __________, foreign markets, unemployment, _________, feelings of nationalism, and the demand for expansion of the Japanese _____________
Effects of Japanese Militarism
-1931 attack on Manchuria (China)
-Withdrawal from the League of __________, anti-_________ feelings, end of democratic freedoms, renewed ____________
LAND
inflation
Nations
territory
democratic
nationalism

39. Hitler Giving Speech:
Hitler was an extremely gifted and emotional speaker. Audiences were captivated by his power and intensity.

41. Nazi Newspaper: Der Stürmer Depicting a Jew lustily staring at German women

42. Nazi Newspaper: Der Stürmer Depicting a Jew with the caption “Der Satan”

43. Nazi Newspaper: Der Stürmer Depicting a Jews sacrificing young children

44. Advertising Nazi radio station, cheap receivers were sold so most Germans could hear broadcasts

47. Book Burning

48. Nazi Propaganda Poster Claiming “Youth Serves the Fuhrer”

51. Mass Nazi Rally in Berlin

55. Football (Soccer) Hooligans
MOB MENTALITY
Football (Soccer) Hooligans

56. Football (Soccer) Hooligans
MOB MENTALITY
Football (Soccer) Hooligans

57. MOB MENTALITY
Looting

58. Check For Understanding:
1) What conditions in post-war Germany made for a very unstable government?
Germany had lost the war.
It must pay reparations.
There is great poverty.
There is high unemployment.
Germany is humiliated.

59. Check For Understanding:
2) What popular promises did Hitler make to the German people?
He would help Germany regain its glory.
He would retake the territory Germany had lost in WW1.
He would unite all German speaking people.

60. Check For Understanding:
3) How did Hitler and the Nazi party spread their message to the people?
Hitler’s speeches.
Newspapers.
Radio addresses.
Mass public rallies.

62. Invasions In Europe

64. Affected _________ politics and ___________ for many years
world
Began when aggressive empire building by Germany, Italy, and Japan was opposed by Britain and France
relationships
World War II
barriers
Created ____________ and geographical divisions within __________________
destructive
Was very _____________ because of the technological power of new ____________
Europe
weapons
TOTAL
Was a __________ war that involved civilians as well as the _________________
military

65. Manchuria Italy intervene slaughtered aggression German Austria
#1: JAPAN INVADED ________________ ｷ Japan was trying to build an empire #2: __________ ATTACKED ETHIOPIA ｷ 1935, Ethiopia attacked (African nation)/Halle Selaissie, the Ethiopian King begged the League of Nations to __________ and help. They didn’t. Ethiopians got ______________. #3: GERMAN ______________ IN EUROPE ｷ Hitler violated Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the _________ Army and by sending troops into the Rhineland close to France (1936). ｷ 1938: Hitler made __________ part of the German Empire. Invaded the ______________, part of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived. #4: APPEASEMENT ｷ This was a __________ adopted by Western European nations. Under appeasement, nations gave in to _____________ demands in order to maintain peace (no one wanted another WORLD WAR!). At the Munich Conference, in 1938, western countries allowed Hitler to go ahead and take the Sudetenland away from Czecholslovakia.
Italy
intervene
slaughtered
aggression
German
Austria
Sudetenland
policy
Hitler’s

66. Appeasement
Policy of giving into an aggressor nation’s demands to avoid further conflict.
Policy of giving into an aggressor nation’s demands to avoid further conflict.

67. Munich Conference, Sept. 1938
Adolf Hitler
Neville Chamberlain

69. Neville Chamberlain
Munich Conference
US Ambassador to Britain, Joseph Kennedy, father of President John F. Kennedy

70. Hitler assures European leaders, including Chamberlain, that he wants only to regain the Sudentenland
They buy it!

73. Chamberlain, holding a copy of an agreement signed at Munich, claims, “We have achieved peace in our time”.

74. Chamberlain, with his trademark top hat and umbrella.
Chamberlain, is now viewed as an “appeaser” Trying to make bargains with leaders like Hitler does not work.
Chamberlain, with his trademark top hat and umbrella.

75. Chamberlain, is severely criticized at home, by the enemy, and by neutral powers for dealing with Hitler.

76. Appeasement DOES NOT WORK
Message:
Appeasement DOES NOT WORK

77. “The League of Nations will do nothing
“The League of Nations will do nothing. They will only protest, and they will always be too late.” Hitler attacks much of Eastern Europe.

78. Germany Signs Non-Aggression Treaty with Soviet Union.
Defense Secretary Molotov Signs As Premier Josef Stalin Looks On.

79. Where the War was Fought

80. Radar to detect airplanes Fast-moving armored tanks
Better Sub-marines
Machine
_______
Sonar to detect _______
subs
guns
Better
______________
Radar to detect airplanes
Modern Warfare WWII
weapons
Walkie
____________
Aircraft
____________
Talkies
carriers
Deadlier
_____________
Medical Advances
Bombs
Fast-moving armored tanks
How the War Was Fought

81. KEY TURNING POINTS OF THE WAR:
1941- Entry of the ______ into the War
·         Why?
·         Pearl _________ Attack: December 7, 1941 (War declared by Franklin Roosevelt)
Battle of ________________
·         Hitler attacked the Soviet Union and tried to takeover this well-known city (now called Volgograd, near the Ukraine)
Freezing winter and Soviet troops forced Germans to eventually surrender
U.S.
Harbor
Stalingrad

82. 1942- El Alamein
·         German General Erwin ________ won many victories for the German Empire in North Africa. This was a famous battle where he and the Germans were finally stopped by ____________ and American troops. Rommel was surrounded and forced to surrender.
1943- Invasion of __________
After the Battle of El Alamein, British and American troops were able to land here, weakening Hitler and his army when he was forced to send ________ and took away from his army in Western Europe.
Rommel
British
Italy
troops

83. 1944- Invasion of __________
The Allies invaded France on June 6, Allied troops crossed the English ____________ landing on the beaches. They broke through German defenses and were able to advance to Paris, freeing ________ from Germany.
France
Channel
France

84. The War Ends · Ends May 8, ________
·         Ends May 8, ________
·         Leaders met at the YALTA __________ (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin)
Victory in the Pacific: August U.S. drops A-Bombs on __________ and __________, killing 110,000.
1945
Conference
Hiroshima
Nagasaki

85. German Soldiers

86. Maginot Line

88. Hitler in Paris

90. British POWS from Battle of Dunkirk Are Led to Nazi Prison Camps

91. Check For Understanding:
1) What vocabulary word means: “giving into an aggressor nations demands to avoid conflict”?
Appeasement

92. Check For Understanding:
2) At what conference did England give into Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia?
The Munich Conference

93. D-DAY

97. German Guns Protected in Concrete Bunker

98. General Eisenhower Gives Men Pep Talk

99. Invasion Force Prepares To Leave

101. Landing Craft on Fire

102. Americans in waiting to storm the beach, will face heavy resistance

104. Storming the Beach

106. Storming the Beach

107. THE HOLOCAUST

108. “The job of collecting paperclips is over… the job of educating others is just beginning.”
-Intolerance and Indifference
Question: What SHOULD and CAN people do today to fight intolerance and indifference?

109. Concentration Camps

110. Auschwitz-Birkenau

111. Hitler’s Attempt to create more living space for ____________ results in
GENOCIDE: The attempt to destroy an entire _________ or religious group
Started small by _______ rights of Jews, Slavs, and Gypsies
Violence against ______ was encouraged
Synogogues set on fire and ___________ destroyed
Jews were forced to live in separate areas:___________
Hitler set up Concentration ____________ where Jews were starved, shot, or ________ to death.
Over ______ million Jews were murdered
The Holocaust
Germans
Term Given to the systematic __________ of over 6 million Jews and minorities by the Germans/Nazis
race
killing
violating
Jews
The Holocaust is an example of __________ Rights Violations or ___________ (bad things) committed against certain groups because of hate.
businesses
Human
atrocities
ghettos
camps
worked
SIX

113. Entrance to Auschwitz: Sign Reads “Work Will Make You Free”

117. Hermann Goering was Commander-in-Chief of the Luftwaffe, President of the Reichstag, Prime Minister of Prussia and, as Hitler's designated successor, the second man in the Third Reich.

118. Soviets suffer the most with _____ million
Human Losses
_____ million
Soviets suffer the most with _____ million 30 20

119. ruins rebuild Economic Losses Cities in Europe and Asia in ______
Took years to ______________
ruins
rebuild

120. Crimes against __________ were punished at Nuremberg, Germany
War Crimes Trials
Crimes against __________ were punished at Nuremberg, Germany
Showed that _________ could be held responsible for their actions during war
humanity
leaders

121. New governments established in _________ and Japan
Occupied Nations
New governments established in _________ and Japan
U.S. occupied _______
Germany
Japan

122. Flies Literature and the Arts George Orwell: Animal Farm
William Golding: Lord of the _____
Examined human costs of war and totalitarian regimes,
Flies

123. forum solutions representative 15 France The United Nations
Provides a _______ for countries to discuss world problems and develop ___________
Made up of a General Assembly (each member country has a vote and a _________________
The Security Council has ______ member nations (5 are permanent): U.S., Russia, ________, Great Britain, and China.
forum
solutions
representative 15
France