1. Amendment Review 1st Amendment 2nd Amendment
Religion
Speech
Petition
Assembly
2nd Amendment
13th Amendment- force to work to pay off debt
5th and 14th Amendment

2. Suffrage and Civil Rights
15th Amendment – ratified in 1870
Cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude
Not effective if not enforced- White Supremacist
Gerrymandering – (outlawed by Gomillion v. Lightfoot 1960)

3. The Segregation System Legalizing segregation and segregation in the 20th Century
Plessy v Ferguson – 1896 Ruled for Separate but equal did not violate 14th Amendment
Jim Crow laws
Wwii – set the stage for Civil rights movement
Roosevelt issued all federal agencies could not segregate

4. Early Civil Rights Legislation
Civil Rights Act of 1957 – Set up Civil Rights Commission – Inquire into claims of voter discrimination
Civil Rights Act of 1960 – Created voting referees – Make sure people could register and vote
Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Stopped Literacy Tests, or any other discriminatory manner
Voting Rights Act of 1965 – Very Effective – Pushed the 15th Amendment on all state local and county and all federal elections for 25 years expired 2007

5. Challenging segregation in court
May 17, 1954 brown v board of education kansas –
Reaction – mixed, created many problems in the south
Led to “Little rock nine” group of students to be integrated into Arkansas Little rock’s central high

6. boycott and Dr. King Boycotting segregation
December 1, 1955 – Rosa parks
People boycotted for 381 days until late December 1956 the supreme court outlawed bus segregation
Dr. King believed in “soul force”, his use of nonviolent protest- based on Jesus,
Southern Christian Leadership conference build support from the grassroots up to gain support from African Americans
Student nonviolent coordinating committee participated in sit-ins and protests for racial equality

7. Affirmative Action
Paying back African Americans for past wrongs