1. “THE GIFT OF TRUTH EXCELS ALL GIFTS.”
EPISTEMOLOGY WHAT CAN WE KNOW? HOW SURE CAN WE BE? DOES GOD EXIST? ARE RELIGION & SCIENCE IN CONFLICT? THE Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. OF THE ATONEMENT THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF TIME
Copyright © 2013 By William Mills
“THE GIFT OF TRUTH EXCELS ALL GIFTS.”
Peter Santina
“The Heavens are declaring the glory of God & the Earth proclaims His work.” Psalm 19:1.
Dedicated to Her Royal Highness, Crown Princess Kathy; the personification of the pure pride of Christ.
“Science is constructed of facts, as a house is of stones. But a collection of facts is no more a science than a heap of stones is a house.” Henri Poincare’ SCIENCE AND HYPOTHESIS.
“Maius quiddam atque divinus est sermo humanus quam quod totum mutis litterarum figuris comprehendi queat.” Hermann, Opuscc. Iii. 253.
“άρχἠ παιδεὐσεως ἡ τὠν ỏνομάτων έπίσκεψις.” Epictetus, Diss. i. 17,12.
“The beginning of education is to examine & inspect carefully & independently.”
A skeptic is one who looks closely & intently.
A critic is one who evaluates independently.
“ΤΑ ΡΗΜΑΤΑ Α ΕΓΩ ΛΕΛΑΛΗΚΑ ΥΜΙΝ ΠΝΕΥΜΑ ΕΣΤΙΝ ΚΑΙ ΖΩΗ ΕΣΤΙΝ.”
(H.J. Thayer)
“The spoken word (truth) itself is a (blessing?), a hymn & the breath of life.” ?
“ἵνα ό λόγος τοὓ κυρίον τρέχη και δοξάξηται.” (H.J. Thayer Dec. 25, 1885.)
“The truth of the Lord (God) is (found) where zeal & knowledge is.”
“άτελές οὐδέν οὐδενὀς μέτρον. (H.J. Thayer April 10, 1889.)
“-For incompleteness, but absolutely not for measuring (judging).” (Please improve, (myself & my work) but absolutely do not condemn.) Latin & Greek quotes, not their translations, from: THAYER’S GREEK-ENGLISH LEXICON OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, Pgs. i-xi.
Wealth without work,
“The Roots of violence:
Pleasure without conscience,
Knowledge without character,
Worship without sacrifice,
Science without humanity,
Commerce without morality,
Politics without principles.” Mahatma Gandhi, As quoted by Dr. Michio Kaku in PHYSICIS OF THE FUTURE, Pg
“It is not that the ideal of Christianity has been tried & found wanting. It has been found difficult & not tried.” G.K. Chesterton.
“But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts; and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you…”. 1 Peter 3:15. “ …we should also be ready to say, ‘I don’t know’ when we don’t know. We have at various times hurt ourselves both ways-by refusing to answer and by answering beyond our knowledge… It was Socrates who said, ‘The unexamined life is not worth living.’ I think we could rephrase that to say, ‘The unexamined faith is not worth believing.” Ray Pritchard, WHAT A CHRISTIAN BELIEVES, Pg. 13.
This presentation is meant to be part of a class.
The purpose of this class is to explore arguments & evidences regarding the four questions above & to explore arguments & evidences for THE Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. OF THE ATONEMENT & THE PHYSICAL NATURE OF TIME & to subject them to objective rigorous tests of responsible epistemology.
Spoiler alert! I am not neutral on these subjects.
Agreement with the facilitator in whole or in part is not necessary, nor even particularly useful to excel in this course. Concurring & dissenting opinions should be informed & reasoned.
“Our compelling reasons…are three:
We are only a little less certain that the very best thing we can possible do for others is to persuade them of this truth, in which there is joy and peace and love incomparable in this world, and infinite and incomprehensible in the next.
We are certain that the Christian faith is true.
We are a little less certain, but still confident, that honest reasoning can lead any open-minded person to this very same conclusion.” Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Kreeft & Tacelli 1994, Intervarsity Press. Pg. 3.
I was very limited in my clipart options. I would like better ones from a larger selection. One thing that I really want is a Bible!
Animate slides, art & SmartArt!

2. The texts for this course are:
Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Kreeft & Tacelli 1994, Intervarsity Press.
Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis 1943, 1945, 1952, Macmillan Pub Touchstone edition.
APPROACHING ZION or TEMPLE & THE COSMOS
Hugh Nibley ?
The Logic Book errata, MIT open courseware.
Dirac’s famous quote about baseball.
“Curve ball” pitches & other examples of:
Angular momentum.
Rotation.
Lift.
Drag.
Gravity.
Friction.
Moment of inertia.
Imperfectly inelastic collisions.
Φ & theology teach us that reality is not simple!
Φ & theology teach us that the COMPLETE TRUTH is always extremely complex!
Eternal truths, equations are elegant.
Elegant is not the same as simple.
𝑬=𝑴𝑪² & 𝑯𝒐𝒄 𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒑𝒖𝒔 are infinitely elegant. They may seem simple in concept. They are infinitely complex in detail & application.
Reality is a blending of multiple truths in Eigenstate.
One can seek simple answers & explanations OR one can seek the complete truth.

3. “Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹
¹Dr. William P. Mills, AN ACCEPTANCE SPEECH, 2003, pgs. 2-3 (pub. #84.)
“I have recently been working on the physics of time…I have benefited from the works and words of Einstein, Feynman, Wheeler, Hawking, Price, & others.” op. cit. pg. 2.

4. Opening remarks: Welcome Introductory class business:
Dr. BILL MILLS IS
The husband of one.
The father of 16 (including in-laws).
The grandfather of 8 so far.
A Christian Priest, Ecumenist, Theologian & Apologist. A Physicist, and an International Attorney.
Committed to responsible epistemology.
A positivist*
I was very limited in my clipart options. I would like better ones from a larger selection. Where I have the books and apple, what I really want is a Bible!
* One who seeks knowledge through the direct experience of himself & others.
Jesus could not have been only A great teacher or holy man. He claimed to be God. Not in the Eastern Hindu/Buddhist sense of being divine as in sharing in the divine nature, in the Jewish-Islamic-Christian Monotheistic sense of being the One & only Eternal Divine Being. Jesus is the only person in all of human history to have made this claim with any degree of credibility. He is absolutely without peer, precedent, or succession. History before He was born, during His mortal life, shortly after His death, and between then and now prove His claim to be true. Even without methods #5 & 6, one can reach the 5th or 6th confidence level! (see slides #12-13.)
“We should all be more candidly forthcoming and less vague about our spiritual experiences. I encourage everyone to duplicate personally those experiments, which have demonstrated to me, that which others do not plainly see, and to share their findings with everyone.”# 84 pg. 7
“The argument which is meant to be the backbone of the book is of the kind called the reductio ad absurdum. It suggests that the results of assuming the rationalist thesis are more irrational than ours; but to prove it we must assume that thesis. Thus in the first section I often treated man as merely and animal, to show that the effect was more impossible than if he were treated as an angel. In the sense in which it was necessary to treat man merely as an animal, it is necessary to treat Christ merely as a man. I have to suspend my own beliefs, which are much more positive; and assume this limitation even in order to remove it. I must try to imagine what would happen to a man who did really read the story of Christ as the story of a man; and even of a man of whom he had never, heard before. And I wish to point out that a really impartial reading of that kind would lead, if not immediately to belief, at least to a bewilderment of which there is really no solution except in belief.” G.K. Chesterton, THE EVERLATSTING MAN, 2008, pg (reprinted, Chesterton lived: )
“This is the trinity of truths symbolized here by the three types in the old Christmas story; the shepherds and the kings and that other king who warred upon the children. It is simply not true to say that other religions and philosophies are in this respect its rivals. It is not true to say that any one of them combines these characters; it is not true to say that any one of them pretends to combine them. Buddhism may profess to be equally mystical; it does not profess to be equally military. Islam may profess to be equally military; id does not even profess to be equally metaphysical and subtle. Confucianism may profess to satisfy the need of the philosophers for order and reason; id does not even profess to satisfy the need of the mystics for miracle and sacrament and the consecration of concrete things. There are many evidences of this presence of a spirit at once universal and unique. One will serve here which is the symbol of the subject of this chapter; that no other story, no pagan legend or philosophical anecdote or historical event, does in fact affect any of us with that peculiar and even poignant impression produced on us by the word Bethlehem. No other birth of a god or childhood of a sage seems to us to be Christmas or anything like Christmas. It is either too cold or too frivolous, or too formal and classical, or too simple and savage, or goo occult and complicated. Not one of us, whatever his opinions, would ever go to such a scene with the sense that he was going home.” G.K. Chesterton, THE EVERLATSTING MAN, 2008, pgs (reprinted, Chesterton lived: )

5. IN OPPOSITION OR IN HARMONY?
“Religion and science are opposed…but only in the same sense as that in which my thumb and forefinger are opposed- and between the two, one can grasp everything.” Sir William Bragg
Science & religion are one body, a single organism. This are not expressing a sentiment or an idealistic goal toward which one should strive. This is stating a fact. Religion & science are “atomos”, atomic, indivisible, not that they shouldn’t be divided, they cannot be divided. They are a single organism in the same sense that a lock & a key are a single mechanism & that a violin & a bow are a single musical instrument. Science is the key & religion is the lock that science opens. Religion is the paradigm or world view that is locked & mysterious until science unlocks, opens & explains it. Science is a bow that has no direction or purpose without religion. Religion is a violin who beautiful, ennobling, healing music cannot be released without the bow of science. Christianity founded Western Colleges & Universities. Science lifted Christendom out of the dark ages. Neither can exist without the other. Neither has any purpose or meaning without the other. To whatever extent we think & act as if religion & science are altogether independent & separate from each other, we are confused, disoriented & alienated from the will & mind of both science & religion! Stylistically borrowed from Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis 1943, 1945, 1952, Macmillan Pub Touchstone edition. Pg. 96.
“John Locke wrote…celebrating the joy of the pursuit of truth in life: ‘I know there is truth opposite to falsehood, that it may be found if people will, and is worth the seeking, and is not only the most valuable, but the pleasantest thing in the world.’ …Locke’s words…could serve as the motto for science, philosophy, and theology…” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg. 81.
“science commits suicide when it adopts a creed.” Thomas Huxley. ibid. pg. 108
“I love reason and science. I’m a freethinker. That’s what led me to…embrace the Christian faith…” ibid. pg. 82.
I shall be obliged to oppose the notion of atheism. But I shall not attack it; one does not attack one’s friends…For Atheists are my friends and allies. Let there be no mistake about that. The things we have in common are much more important than those on which we differ. We share a belief in objective truth & in the epistemological methodologies to find that truth. We agree that reason & science are central to those methodologies and that our universe, including ourselves are governed by knowable natural laws. These laws are the typical God. In this sense we agree about God: That He exists. How to please Him. How to learn more about Him, and become more like Him. Compared with this, the questions of the nature of the “Token” God pales into insignificance. Stylistically borrowed from CREATION and EVOLUTION, Alan Hayward, pg. 79
“Individual religions exist; religion as a universal category does not…” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg It is useful to distinguish between specific religions, spiritualties, paradigms, (worldviews) & belief in God. They are different things. It is best to be as specific as possible. “It is better to be wrong, than to be vague.” Freeman Dyson.
“St. Thomas was willing to allow the one truth to be approached by two paths, precisely because he was sure there was only one truth. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing discovered in nature could ultimately contradict the Faith. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing really deduced from the Faith could ultimately contradict the facts. It was in truth a curiously daring confidence in the reality of his religion; and though some may linger to dispute it, it has been justified. The scientific facts, which were supposed to contradict the Faith in the nineteenth century, are nearly all of them regarded as unscientific fictions in the twentieth century. Even the materialists have fled from materialism; and those who lectured us about determinism in psychology are already talking about indeterminism in matter.” G.K Chesterton, Saint Thomas Aquinas pg. 70.
¹”Theories of evolution which, in accordance with the philosophies inspiring them, consider the spirit as emerging from the forces of living matter, or as a mere epiphenomenon of this matter, are incompatible with the truth about man. Nor are they able to ground the dignity of the person³.” Pope John Paul II, Address to the Academy of Sciences, October 28, 1986.
“…-nonsense that is damned is under God’s curse, and will (apart from God’s grace) lead those who believe it to eternal death.” Lewis op. cit. pg. 45.
²One variation or subset of this argument is Gregory Chaitin’s rephrasing of Kurt Gödel’s theorem of incompleteness known as our “Complexity horizon”. What lies beyond is God.
³ “Have you ever wondered why there are so many different kinds of living things*? One idea is that all the living things we see today have EVOLOVED from a distant ancestor by a process of gradual change. How could evolution have occurred? How could one species change into another? The exhibition in this hall looks at one possible explanation-the explanation first thought of by Charles Darwin. Another view is that God created all living things perfect and unchanging.” A notice at the British Museum (Natural History).
*Actually there are eight completely different kinds of living things called “Kingdoms”, they are:
Plants.
Animals.
Protista.
Fungi.
Bacterium (Prokaryotes).
Sulfur based life.
Arsenic based life.
EM metabolizing e-coli bacteria.
“Suppose that after a thorough and lengthy scientific investigation of the “Mona Lisa”, I concluded that it was the result of innumerable collisions of paint and canvas that moved gradually from indecipherable shapes and colors to a beautiful and intriguing picture of a woman. My analysis of the painting may be correct. That is, if fact, what the “Mona Lisa” is and how it was developed. But it by no means disproves or makes unnecessary Leonardo Da Vinci as the painter.” Matt Fradd: GOD MAY CREATE THROUGH ANY MEANS-INCLUDING EVOLUTION, CATHOLIC ANSWERS, April 2013, pg.22.
To further develop this analogy, while there are many questions about exactly how the paint came to be on the canvass in the colors & patterns that it did, the real controversies of evolution involves questions at the opposite end, the dry end of the brush!
Did the brush move about the canvass &
did the paint move from the brush to the canvass by purely natural means or was it intelligently &
intentionally directed?
Do “natural means” include humans painting? (It may be perfectly “natural” for humans to paint & for God to create & how humans paint & God Creates may be definitionally “natural”.)
What is meant by “intelligent”? If a monkey applied the paint with his foot or a mouse applied the paint by pushing the brush around with his nose, was that “intelligence”?
What is meant by “intent”? (The teleological Arguments) If the monkey intended to transfer paint onto the canvass but nothing more does that constitute intelligent intent?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended something pretty but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended something human but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended a human female but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Did Leonardo have “Mona Lisa” in his mind from the beginning?
It is when discussions move from the canvass side of the brush to the dry, operator side of the brush that discussions about the origin of life & life’s diversity, often move from intelligent discourse to silly nonsense!
Scientists in many fields have a great many valid, significant, important & interesting things to say about how paint & canvass collide (the nature, methods & limits of evolution). This is crucially important for many reasons: Most importantly it helps us to preserve & restore paintings. It gives us greater insight into and appreciation of the great gifted genius of da Vinci. It even makes us better painters as we follow his example in our own limited ways.
Please understand that I think humanity should learn all that it can about life & art, but especially about life. I deeply and sincerely appreciate the efforts of all scientists who research, study, reflect, and report on these issues. Please also understand that there are obvious if not self-evident answers to the above 10 questions about the “Mona Lisa” and all life on this planet. Those who arbitrarily, a priori, insist the Mona Lisa had no creator & then pursue a hopeless desperate attempt to explain the painting without a painter, those who cannot see the answers to the above questions are “Not merely mistaken, but” tragically, pathetically misguided.
¹These ideal forms may have very little to do with exterior appearance. God may very well not care if a rabbit is “Jack” or Bunny”, whether he is black, white, red, striped or spotted. This is not what makes a rabbit a rabbit just as exterior appearance is not what makes a person human, and not what makes a person an ideal person.
Dr. Victor Stenger in his excellent book, GOD THE FAILED HYPOTHESIS-How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist, 2077 pg. 23 raises an interesting distinction in evaluating hypothesis between ordinary and extraordinary claims. He believes that a claim is ordinary when a plausible mechanism for such an effect is also offered and extraordinary when no plausible mechanism for such an effect is offered. I agree. I believe his five conditions for evaluating extraordinary claims are worth summarizing here:
The protocols of the study must be clear and impeccable so that all possibilities of error can be evaluated.
The hypothesis being tested must be established clearly and explicitly before data taking begins, and not changed midway through the process or after looking at the data.
The people performing the study…must do so without and prejudgment of how the results should come out.
The hypothesis being tested must be one that contains the seeds of its own destruction… They must demonstrate that such a falsification has not occurred.
Even after passing the above criteria, reported results must be of such a nature that they can be independently replicated. Stenger op. cit. at pgs
While some of these are impossible to accomplish with perfection in many experiments in many fields of science, they are worth striving towards. Certainly the claims of Evolution by Natural Selection including Abiogenises & Speciation between kinds are extraordinary claims that require extraordinary evidence. We continue to wait for a plausible mechanism to be articulated. From this perspective Evolution really isn’t a science at all. It is a philosophical and/or religious paradigm for a historical narrative.
“Most modern histories of mankind begin with the word evolution…it is not…a very practical word or a very profitable idea. Nobody can imagine how nothing could turn into something. Nobody can get an inch nearer to it by explaining how something could turn into something else…But evolution really is mistaken for explanation. (As adherents to religions do, Evolutions are agreed as to what happened (a faith based historical narrative) & vague and/or disagreed as to how it may have happened.(A reproducible scientific explanation.)) It has the fatal quality of leaving on many minds the impression that they do understand it and everything else; just as many of them live under a sort of illusion that they have read the Origin of Species.
But this notion of something smooth and slow like the ascent of a slope, is a great part of the illusion. It is an illogically as well as an illusion; for slowness has really nothing to do with the question. An event is not any more intrinsically intelligible or unintelligible because of the pace at which it moves. For a man who does not believe in a miracle, a slow miracle would be just as incredible as a swift one. The Greek witch may have turned sailors to swine with a stroke of the wand. But to see a naval gentleman of our acquaintance looking a little more like a pig every day, till he ended with four trotters and a curly tail would not be any more soothing…The medieval wizard may have flown through the air…but to see an old gentleman walking through the air in a leisurely and lounging manner, would still seem to call for some explanation. Yet there runs through all the rationalistic treatment of history this curious and confused idea that difficulty is avoided or even mystery eliminated, by dwelling on mere delay ort on something dilatory in the processes of things… the question here is the false atmosphere of facility and ease given by the mere suggestion of going slow; the sort of comfort that might be given to a nervous old woman traveling for th4 first time in a motor car.” G.K. Chesterton, THE EVERLATSTING MAN, 2008, pg. 6. (reprinted, Chesterton lived: ) (Parentheticals added.)
What do we know about the 1st modern humans, those we used to call “Cavemen”? What do we find when the most ancient human occupied caves are discovered: “This secret chamber of rock, when illuminated after its long night of unnumbered ages, revealed on its walls large and sprawling outlines diversified with colored earths; and when they followed the lines of them they recognized, across the vast void of ages, the movement and the gesture of a man’s band. They were drawings or paintings of animals; and they were drawn or painted not only by a man but by an artist. Under whatever archaic limitations, they showed that love of the long sweeping or the long wavering line which any man who has ever drawn or tried to draw will recognize; and about which no artist will allow himself to be contradicted by any scientist. They show the experimental and adventurous spirit of the artist, the spirit that does not avoid but attempts difficult things; as where the draughtsman had represented the action of the stag when he swings his head clean round and noses toward his tail, an action familiar enough in the horse. But there are many modern animal-painters who would set themselves something of a task in rendering it truly. In this and twenty other details it is clear that the artist had watched animals with a certain interest and presumable a certain pleasure. In that sense it would seem that he was not only an artist but a naturalist; the sort of naturalist who is really natural.” Chesterton op. cit. pgs
We see that humans have from the start, whenever that was, been human. I do not know when humans first walked this earth. I suspect that others do not know as much as they think they do. I do not know how much variety has occurred or will yet occur among humans, I suspect that others do not know as much as they think they do. I do know that humans have always been and will always be, human, however long or short, however much or little that may be.

6. IN OPPOSITION OR IN HARMONY?
The Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. describes exactly how photons interact with electrons in our physical world; such as light sometimes shinning through a glass window & sometimes reflecting back off of the glass.
The Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. of the Atonement describes exactly how the love of God interacts with human sin through the Atonement of Jesus Christ.
Both are physically real. Both describe physical reality as anyone/everyone may personally, directly experience it.
“We should all be more candidly forthcoming and less vague about our spiritual experiences. I encourage everyone to duplicate personally those experiments, which have demonstrated to me, that which others do not plainly see, and to share their findings with everyone.”# 84 pg. 7
“John Locke wrote…celebrating the joy of the pursuit of truth in life: ‘I know there is truth opposite to falsehood, that it may be found if people will, and is worth the seeking, and is not only the most valuable, but the pleasantest thing in the world.’ …Locke’s words…could serve as the motto for science, philosophy, and theology…” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg. 81.
“science commits suicide when it adopts a creed.” Thomas Huxley. ibid. pg. 108
“I love reason and science. I’m a freethinker. That’s what led me to…embrace the Christian faith…” ibid. pg. 82.
I shall be obliged to oppose the notion of atheism. But I shall not attack it; one does not attack one’s friends…For Atheists are my friends and allies. Let there be no mistake about that. The things we have in common are much more important than those on which we differ. We share a belief in objective truth & in the epistemological methodologies to find that truth. We agree that reason & science are central to those methodologies and that our universe, including ourselves are governed by knowable natural laws. These laws are the typical God. In this sense we agree about God: That He exists. How to please Him. How to learn more about Him, and become more like Him. Compared with this, the questions of the nature of the “Token” God pales into insignificance. Stylistically borrowed from CREATION and EVOLUTION, Alan Hayward, pg. 79
“Individual religions exist; religion as a universal category does not…” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg It is useful to distinguish between specific religions, spiritualties, paradigms, (worldviews) & belief in God. They are different things. It is best to be as specific as possible. “It is better to be wrong, than to be vague.” Freeman Dyson.
“St. Thomas was willing to allow the one truth to be approached by two paths, precisely because he was sure there was only one truth. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing discovered in nature could ultimately contradict the Faith. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing really deduced from the Faith could ultimately contradict the facts. It was in truth a curiously daring confidence in the reality of his religion; and though some may linger to dispute it, it has been justified. The scientific facts, which were supposed to contradict the Faith in the nineteenth century, are nearly all of them regarded as unscientific fictions in the twentieth century. Even the materialists have fled from materialism; and those who lectured us about determinism in psychology are already talking about indeterminism in matter.” G.K Chesterton, Saint Thomas Aquinas pg. 70.
¹”Theories of evolution which, in accordance with the philosophies inspiring them, consider the spirit as emerging from the forces of living matter, or as a mere epiphenomenon of this matter, are incompatible with the truth about man. Nor are they able to ground the dignity of the person³.” Pope John Paul II, Address to the Academy of Sciences, October 28, 1986.
“…-nonsense that is damned is under God’s curse, and will (apart from God’s grace) lead those who believe it to eternal death.” Lewis op. cit. pg. 45.
²One variation or subset of this argument is Gregory Chaitin’s rephrasing of Kurt Gödel’s theorem of incompleteness known as our “Complexity horizon”. What lies beyond is God.
³ “Have you ever wondered why there are so many different kinds of living things*? One idea is that all the living things we see today have EVOLOVED from a distant ancestor by a process of gradual change. How could evolution have occurred? How could one species change into another? The exhibition in this hall looks at one possible explanation-the explanation first thought of by Charles Darwin. Another view is that God created all living things perfect and unchanging.” A notice at the British Museum (Natural History).
*Actually there are eight completely different kinds of living things called “Kingdoms”, they are:
Plants.
Animals.
Protista.
Fungi.
Bacterium (Prokaryotes).
Sulfur based life.
Arsenic based life.
EM metabolizing e-coli bacteria.
“Suppose that after a thorough and lengthy scientific investigation of the “Mona Lisa”, I concluded that it was the result of innumerable collisions of paint and canvas that moved gradually from indecipherable shapes and colors to a beautiful and intriguing picture of a woman. My analysis of the painting may be correct. That is, if fact, what the “Mona Lisa” is and how it was developed. But it by no means disproves or makes unnecessary Leonardo Da Vinci as the painter.” Matt Fradd: GOD MAY CREATE THROUGH ANY MEANS-INCLUDING EVOLUTION, CATHOLIC ANSWERS, April 2013, pg.22.
To further develop this analogy, while there are many questions about exactly how the paint came to be on the canvass in the colors & patterns that it did, the real controversies of evolution involves questions at the opposite end, the dry end of the brush!
Did the brush move about the canvass &
did the paint move from the brush to the canvass by purely natural means or was it intelligently &
intentionally directed?
Do “natural means” include humans painting? (It may be perfectly “natural” for humans to paint & for God to create & how humans paint & God Creates may be definitionally “natural”.)
What is meant by “intelligent”? If a monkey applied the paint with his foot or a mouse applied the paint by pushing the brush around with his nose, was that “intelligence”?
What is meant by “intent”? (The teleological Arguments) If the monkey intended to transfer paint onto the canvass but nothing more does that constitute intelligent intent?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended something pretty but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended something human but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Might Leonardo have intended a human female but nothing more?
The teleological Arguments continued… Did Leonardo have “Mona Lisa” in his mind from the beginning?
It is when discussions move from the canvass side of the brush to the dry, operator side of the brush that discussions about the origin of life & life’s diversity, often move from intelligent discourse to silly nonsense!
Scientists in many fields have a great many valid, significant, important & interesting things to say about how paint & canvass collide (the nature, methods & limits of evolution). This is crucially important for many reasons: Most importantly it helps us to preserve & restore paintings. It gives us greater insight into and appreciation of the great gifted genius of da Vinci. It even makes us better painters as we follow his example in our own limited ways.
Please understand that I think humanity should learn all that it can about life & art, but especially about life. I deeply and sincerely appreciate the efforts of all scientists who research, study, reflect, and report on these issues. Please also understand that there are obvious if not self-evident answers to the above 10 questions about the “Mona Lisa” and all life on this planet. Those who arbitrarily, a priori, insist the Mona Lisa had no creator & then pursue a hopeless desperate attempt to explain the painting without a painter, those who cannot see the answers to the above questions are “Not merely mistaken, but” tragically, pathetically misguided.
¹These ideal forms may have very little to do with exterior appearance. God may very well not care if a rabbit is “Jack” or Bunny”, whether he is black, white, red, striped or spotted. This is not what makes a rabbit a rabbit just as exterior appearance is not what makes a person human, and not what makes a person an ideal person.
Dr. Victor Stenger in his excellent book, GOD THE FAILED HYPOTHESIS-How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist, 2077 pg. 23 raises an interesting distinction in evaluating hypothesis between ordinary and extraordinary claims. He believes that a claim is ordinary when a plausible mechanism for such an effect is also offered and extraordinary when no plausible mechanism for such an effect is offered. I agree. I believe his five conditions for evaluating extraordinary claims are worth summarizing here:
The protocols of the study must be clear and impeccable so that all possibilities of error can be evaluated.
The hypothesis being tested must be established clearly and explicitly before data taking begins, and not changed midway through the process or after looking at the data.
The people performing the study…must do so without and prejudgment of how the results should come out.
The hypothesis being tested must be one that contains the seeds of its own destruction… They must demonstrate that such a falsification has not occurred.
Even after passing the above criteria, reported results must be of such a nature that they can be independently replicated. Stenger op. cit. at pgs
While some of these are impossible to accomplish with perfection in many experiments in many fields of science, they are worth striving towards. Certainly the claims of Evolution by Natural Selection including Abiogenises & Speciation between kinds are extraordinary claims that require extraordinary evidence. We continue to wait for a plausible mechanism to be articulated. From this perspective Evolution really isn’t a science at all. It is a philosophical and/or religious paradigm for a historical narrative.
“Most modern histories of mankind begin with the word evolution…it is not…a very practical word or a very profitable idea. Nobody can imagine how nothing could turn into something. Nobody can get an inch nearer to it by explaining how something could turn into something else…But evolution really is mistaken for explanation. (As adherents to religions do, Evolutions are agreed as to what happened (a faith based historical narrative) & vague and/or disagreed as to how it may have happened.(A reproducible scientific explanation.)) It has the fatal quality of leaving on many minds the impression that they do understand it and everything else; just as many of them live under a sort of illusion that they have read the Origin of Species.
But this notion of something smooth and slow like the ascent of a slope, is a great part of the illusion. It is an illogically as well as an illusion; for slowness has really nothing to do with the question. An event is not any more intrinsically intelligible or unintelligible because of the pace at which it moves. For a man who does not believe in a miracle, a slow miracle would be just as incredible as a swift one. The Greek witch may have turned sailors to swine with a stroke of the wand. But to see a naval gentleman of our acquaintance looking a little more like a pig every day, till he ended with four trotters and a curly tail would not be any more soothing…The medieval wizard may have flown through the air…but to see an old gentleman walking through the air in a leisurely and lounging manner, would still seem to call for some explanation. Yet there runs through all the rationalistic treatment of history this curious and confused idea that difficulty is avoided or even mystery eliminated, by dwelling on mere delay ort on something dilatory in the processes of things… the question here is the false atmosphere of facility and ease given by the mere suggestion of going slow; the sort of comfort that might be given to a nervous old woman traveling for th4 first time in a motor car.” G.K. Chesterton, THE EVERLATSTING MAN, 2008, pg. 6. (reprinted, Chesterton lived: ) (Parentheticals added.)
What do we know about the 1st modern humans, those we used to call “Cavemen”? What do we find when the most ancient human occupied caves are discovered: “This secret chamber of rock, when illuminated after its long night of unnumbered ages, revealed on its walls large and sprawling outlines diversified with colored earths; and when they followed the lines of them they recognized, across the vast void of ages, the movement and the gesture of a man’s band. They were drawings or paintings of animals; and they were drawn or painted not only by a man but by an artist. Under whatever archaic limitations, they showed that love of the long sweeping or the long wavering line which any man who has ever drawn or tried to draw will recognize; and about which no artist will allow himself to be contradicted by any scientist. They show the experimental and adventurous spirit of the artist, the spirit that does not avoid but attempts difficult things; as where the draughtsman had represented the action of the stag when he swings his head clean round and noses toward his tail, an action familiar enough in the horse. But there are many modern animal-painters who would set themselves something of a task in rendering it truly. In this and twenty other details it is clear that the artist had watched animals with a certain interest and presumable a certain pleasure. In that sense it would seem that he was not only an artist but a naturalist; the sort of naturalist who is really natural.” Chesterton op. cit. pgs
We see that humans have from the start, whenever that was, been human. I do not know when humans first walked this earth. I suspect that others do not know as much as they think they do. I do not know how much variety has occurred or will yet occur among humans, I suspect that others do not know as much as they think they do. I do know that humans have always been and will always be, human, however long or short, however much or little that may be.

7. I am not An official representative of the LDS church.
Inerrant, infallible, nor immune from mere Scribner error.
This was written in a prison labor camp where I had little reference material, most of it outdated and no access to the Internet. Much of the information herein (Such as Constants, equations, and other things where no source is cited) is from my memory. It is therefore subject to both error & being outdated. The underlying principles are certainly true, but updating/fact checking will certainly be appreciated, incorporated and acknowledged ASAP.
The good is not the enemy of the perfect. The perfect is not the enemy of the good.
“His will a fraying wire…The fraying wire of his will…Those fascists couldn’t break my son, he’s pretty tough, you know.” paraphrased from “UNBROKEN”.

8. Religion and Science: Two Sides Of One Coin
Warm summer evenings in Greece in the 4th century B.C. Democritus¹: B.C. “Atomic system” wandering lights in the night sky, (GK. “planetes”, “wanderers”). Stationary grains of sand on the sea shore, (“atomos”, “atoms” meaning “indivisible” or “unbreakable). Aristotle: B.C. The father of science. Knowing the physical world inexorable leads to knowing the existence of God & His qualities. (“physika”, “physics”, Gk. “of nature”, “to bring forth”). Four elements, each with their unique place & duty in the universe² Everything held in it’s place, whether fixed or in motion, by eternal natural laws, ordained by God.
“physika,” neut. Pl. of physikos, from physis, growth, from root phyein, to bring forth.
Physics is the systematic study of the basic properties of the universe. Each of these properties is related to interactions among the Fundamental Forces & the objects found in the universe. There are several ways to subdivide physics. Size being only one of them.
¹Throughout the entire history of humanity, perhaps 100 billion people have gazed up into the night sky & considered, (from the Latin meaning to ponder & become acquainted with the stars) virtually all of them, have come to know that there is a God who intervenes, including virtually all 99%) of the most respected minds of humanity. See slides #
“…They are obsessed by their evolutionary monomania that every great thing grows from a seed, or something smaller than itself. They seem to forget that every seed comes from a tree, or from something larger than itself. Now there is very good ground for guessing that religion did not originally come from some detail that was forgotten because it was too small to be traced. Much more probably it was an idea that was abandoned because it was too large to be managed. There is very good reason to suppose that many people did begin with the simple but overwhelming idea of one God who governs all and afterwards fell away…Australian aborigines for instance, are found to have a pure monotheism with a high moral tone. ” G.K. Chesterton, THE EVERLATSTING MAN, 2008, pg. 50. (reprinted, Chesterton lived: ) See also The Abolition of Man, by C.S. Lewis & Temple & The Cosmos, By Hugh Nibley.
“Ever since men were able to think, they have been wondering what this universe really is and how it came to be there. And, very roughly, two views have been held. First, there is what is called the materialist view. People who take that view think that matter and space just happen to exist, and always have existed…and that the matter, behaving in certain fixed ways, has just happened, by a sort of fluke, to produce creatures like ourselves who are able to think.” Mere Christianity, C.S. Lewis 1943, 1945, 1952, Macmillan Pub Touchstone edition. Pg. 31.
One could begin one generation earlier with Leucippus, perhaps the first to consider matter “indivisible”, or 200 years earlier with Amphos & Pythagoras, 500 years earlier with Am Tem, 150 years earlier with Moses (C years before that with Abraham…but out of respect for & deference to Dr. Richard Feynman who created this model for his Lectures in Physics, CAL. TEC I will begin with Democritus who coined the terms “atom” & “Atomic”.
¹The laughing philosopher whose name means “Rule by the people.”
“Colours, sweetness, bitterness, these exist by convention, in truth there are atoms and the void.”
We know about Democritus & the Epicureans who followed him because of a Roman disciple named Lucretius whose 56 B.C. book “De Rerum Natura” “On the nature of things” survived in a single copy as the Christians rejected the atheist Democritus & embraced the theist Aristotle.
“When I was a young man, I also gave in to the notion of atoms and the void (vacuum), but reason brought me into the right way.” Leibniz 1716.
Democritus questioned design and therefore a designer. He was an atheist & a materialist. He purposed an eternal “Steady state” Universe ruled by randomness. The entire history of western science has disproved that there is nothing except “atoms and the void”, and rule by randomness, but Newton was the end of “Materialism”³ & randomness, (Forces do exist) & Astrophysicis established in my life time that our universe has a beginning⁴.
Ironically “the first decades of the twentieth century were dominated by a scientific belief in the eternity of the universe. It had always existed. Religious language about the “Creation” was seen a mythological nonsense, incompatible with cutting-edge scientific knowledge.” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg The end of the “Steady State Theory” in astrophysics was the final blow for materialistic atheists. Denial is not only a river in Egypt!
“Colours, sweetness, bitterness, these exist by convention, in truth there are atoms and fields from Forces in the void.” Mills 2003.
Robert Boyle, The father of chemistry: In 1660 he co-founded the Royal Society of London. He profoundly influenced a young Isaac Newton Jr. In 1661 in “The skeptical Chemist” he counsels against scientists being arrogant & dogmatic. (1662 Boyle’s law). His experiments lead to his Law which lead to the discovery of elements, which lead to the discovery of molecules, which lead to the discovery of atoms, etc…
Also a father of epistemology, rather then considering his truths secrets, he published openly the details of both what he knew & how he knew it. He championed the use of experiments to establish the facts. He recommended that those with strong opinions should be willing to learn new things, admit when they are wrong, & most importantly carefully distinguish for themselves & others between what the knew to be true & what they thought to be true.
What Boyle discovered about physics (nature) generally & living things specifically convinced him that there was a creator. He concluded that everyone who used his power of reason honestly would eventually believe in God. He saw the need for more than reason alone. Man needed something to investigate, some foundation upon which to conduct experiments. He found this in the Bible. Boyle donated a great deal of money to have the Bible published in new languages including his native Irish, as well as Arabic, many native American languages & etc. This was consistent with his epistemological commitment to share with everyone both what he knew & how he knew that he knew it.
Boyle believed matter was composed of tiny corpuscles, particles that combined in different ways to form different substances.
Maxwell: created the mathematical equations that described atomic motion creating a new understanding of heat.
Dalton: Discovered molecular variation, i.e. Co₁ vs., Co₂ and 1st applied the term “Atom” to what we now call atoms “New System of Chemical Philosophy”.
Proust:
Thomson, Rutherford & Bohr et. Al.: Atomic theory
Erwin Mueller: designed a method for photographic atoms.
Einstein: created mathematical equations that described the interactions of atoms such as Brownian motion & the photo-electric effect.
Gell-Mann et. Al. subnuclear theory, (quarks, gluons, etc.)
Brian Green et. Al. : “GUT”
Ed Witten et. Al.: Superstrings
Einstein et. Al.: Unified Field Theory
Zazerski & Mills: “On scheme equations” and A Grand Unified SuperSymmetry Super-String Field Theory. Finally “Elemental & Atomic”?
Atheists are in a rush to forget that atoms are in fact not “Atomic”. It was Socrates, Plato, Aristotle et. Al. & not Leucippus, Democritus, Lucretius et. Al. who were and are right. There are Laws that are eternal, that exist forever, independent in their own sphere & universal in their application. Things come & go & are ALWAYS a part of both a larger & a smaller system or structure.
The two great competing creeds of all humanity throughout all history are:
“Hoc est Corpus.” “This is my body.” “Τοϋτό έστιν τό σώμά μου,” “Touto estin to soma mou,” Mt. 26:26, Mark 14:22, Lu. 22:19. Nisen 14, (late March, early April) 33 C.E. Jesus of Nazareth as famously quoted in Latin by Jerome in the Vulgate and later by Martin Luther. (“Hocus pocus” is a corruption of this by English speakers who did not know the meaning of the Latin.)
“…ατομαι και απας.” “…atomai kai apas.” “…Atoms and nothing.” B.C.E..
This is the great divide between materialists and persons of faith, between that which is ennobling & virtuous & that which is carnal & mundane.
“If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? ‘All things are made of atoms-little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another.’” RICHARD FEYNMAN 1961¹.
Mills # 84 pgs
¹”In 2003 I believe that it is the Unified Field hypothesis: ‘All things are and do as a result of the interactions or relationships between the fields of the fundamental force or forces.’ Reality is best understood in Physics and in Theology in terms of relationships. Leibniz and Kant also stated this well.”
Earth, water, fire, air. How he knew the earth was spherical. What goes up must come down. The Bigger they are, the harder & faster they fall. Why he thought he knew that there were no “Sky rocks” falling to the earth!
² Aristotle: ON MAN IN THE UNIVERSE, ed. Loomis, 1971 (Trans.?)
³ Materialists, Jeb & embracing the magic of “except”: Superlative truth claims in sports: “So & so is the greatest such & such in the NBA, NFL, NHL, etc. except for …,…,… & maybe…,…, & …“ Excessive exclusive truth claims in physics: “Nothing exists but matter! Except for energy & the Forces we have discovered & the Forces we have yet to discover, & most of the matter & energy is “dark” or unknown to us, but except for that, nothing but matter as we now know it exists!”
⁴”Five independent lines of evidence-the motions of the galaxies, the discovery of the primordial fireball, the laws of thermodynamics, the abundance of helium in the Universe and the life story of the stars-point to one conclusion; all indicate that the Universe had a beginning…In a purely physical sense, it (the Big Bang) was the moment of (sudden) creation” Dr. Robert Jastrow, as quoted in THE REASON WHY, Mark Mittelberg, pgs Parenthetical comments added. “…and it did this (the Universe being suddenly created) in a fraction of a nanosecond! But neither Hawking nor any physicist on earth has a scientific explanation for why or how that happened. In theological terms, we call this a miracle.” Op. Cit. pg. 15. Parenthetical comments added.
“Until the 1960’s most physicists took it for granted that the universe was eternal…Sir Francis Bacon, asserted in 1620 that the Laws of Nature were “eternal and immutable” and science’s founding fathers, including Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton, saw them as immaterial mathematical ideas in the mind of God. The Laws of Nature were eternal because they participated in God’s eternal nature, and like God transcended time and space. They were enforced by God’s omnipotence…The big bang theory was first proposed in 1927, as the theory of the ‘primeval atom’, by Father George Lemaitre, a Roman Catholic priest and cosmologist. He suggested that the universe began with an initial “creation-like event,” which he described as “the Cosmic Egg exploding at the moment of the creation.” His theory, which predicted the expansion of the universe encountered much skepticism, but evidence for an initial “creation-like event eventually became too persuasive to be ignored…Fred Hoyle disparagingly called it the big bang theory, and Hoyle's name has stuck.”
MORPHIC RESONANCE THE NATURE OF FORMATIVE CAUSATION, Rupert Sheldrake Pgs. Xi-xii. Atheists are stuck with this mocking jest of a name because they cannot bring themselves to call it what they now know it to be, the moment of instant Creation!
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.
Invisible non-material, (spiritual) forces are just as physically real as visible material things. There is no actual fundamental distinction between physical and spiritual objects and forces.
In his excellent book, GOD THE FAILED HYPOTHESIS-How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist, 2077 Dr. Victor Stenger states: “…God should be detectable by scientific means simply by virtue of the fact that He is supposed to play such a central role in the operation of the universe and the lives of humans.” pg I agree! He further states, “Existing scientific models contain no place where God is included as an ingredient in order to describe observations.” I disagree! This is demonstrably false. God is the “Essential Observer” in the Heisenberg School of Quantum Physics! In truth, God plays a central role in both the history of science and in the scientific description of what humans have observed (discovered). Much of this presentation & this class will be devoted to exploring & evaluating these things.
We agree That Dr. Gould was exactly wrong regarding “non-overlapping magisteria” in his 1999 book Rocks of Ages.
Dr. Stenger further states, “…I will provide hypothetical examples of phenomena that, if observed, cannot be of a material origin beyond a reasonable doubt. Since by all accounts God is nonmaterial, His presence would be signaled, beyond a reasonable doubt, by the empirical verification of such phenomena.” pg.14 (emphases added). This is an excellent example of what Dr. Fermi meant by “an idea so bad it is not even wrong.” This is an excellent illustration of both how & why theists & atheists are so far apart in their paradigms.
In the 1st place, by all accounts God is not nonmaterial. Billions of Christians, 96% of the most respected scientists of all time 96% of the most respected minds of all time in every field, know that Jesus Christ is God & has a material body of flesh & bones!
In the 2nd place, the evidences for & the results of His interventions are certainly material. Everything that can be seen testifies of the God who is unseen. Simply compare & contrast Monotheistic & polytheistic cultures. Are the Universities, Architecture, discoveries, & inventions of Monotheistic civilization material or nonmaterial in their nature?
Finally there is a difference in causal assumptions between theists & atheists that should be clearly seen, (“of a material origin”). Dr. Stenger is rightly delighted that we have discovered that all familiar matter, (though only 4% of the total “stuff”) is composed of just three particles; the up quark, the down quark, & the electron , (A proton is created when ⁺⅔ + ⁺⅔ + ⁻⅓ = 1.) (these three are all composed of positive & negative “ONs” comprising Super-Strings in Eigenstate.) We observe Forces & Fields associated with this matter. He assumes a causal relationship from the matter to the Forces & Fields. All atheists do. This is how atheistic materialism survives as an idea. Theists assume a causal relationship from the Forces & Fields to the matter. This is the scientific essence of the Cosmological arguments. To be fair, association is easy to observe, causation is difficult to demonstrate & is often inferred from observational bias. In this case however, we have a very helpful clue. One of our associated phenomena is a Force, a phenomenon that acts, and one of our associated phenomena is an object, a phenomenon that is acted upon. (Theistic physicists say that particles convey the Forces, atheistic physicists say the Forces are of a material origin.) In order to sustain materialistic atheism one must turn all reason and language upside down!

9. DARK MATTER & ENERGY OR SPIRITUAL MATTER & ENERGY?
Whatever one calls it, we now know 96% of the “Stuff”, mass¹ in the universe is not visible to us. We only see the gravitational effects of 23%.
Whatever one calls it, we now know that 73% is energy¹ in the universe that is not visible to us. We know that it is there because at scales larger than galaxies it overcomes Gravity².
It really is meaningless to try to distinguish between physical & spiritual matter & energy. It is a distinction without a difference. This makes them the same⁴. It does not make either of them unreal.
Stated another way, in 2011 our observable universe, OU (not the entire actual universe, AU, just the part we can observe), 47 billion light-years in every direction 94 billion in diameter +/- 1%,³ all of the stuff in it (combining matter & energy using 𝑬=𝑴𝑪²) is: 4% stars, planets, you, I, & all of the matter & energy that we can see. 23% “Dark” or “Spiritual” Matter. 73% “Dark” or “Spiritual” Energy. +/- 1%. Data from: FOR THE LOVE OF PHYSICS, 2011 pgs. 5-6, et, al.
¹Whether we call it “Dark” matter & energy or “spiritual” matter & energy is purely a matter of personal preference.
²Some of this energy is from the Force “Λ”. See Slide # 57. We also know that all matter is energetic (It is all moving & influencing it’s surroundings).
³Light began expanding in all billion years ago. However, since space itself is expanding (70.4 +/- 1.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec) & has been since the Sudden Creation, the universe is larger than that would imply. In 2011 we estimated that the opposite side of the observable universe, OU 47 billion light-years, (BLY) away from us in every direction, 94 billion light-years, (BLY) in diameter. Since light is traveling through the vacuum of space at the speed of light and space itself is expanding, galaxies are moving away from us at speeds greater than the speed of light. This does not violate Einstein's laws. Lewin op. cit. pgs ,36. (One should not think this puts us in the center of the universe. Think of a globe. Wherever one is, the surface 12,000 miles in every direction to the opposite side. Circumnavigation 24,000 miles.)
Dr. Leonard reports from NASA that the universe is over 150 Billion light years in diameter and is, according to NASA, geometrically flat. Dr. Wendy Leonard, The Utterly, Completely, and Totally useless science fact-o-pedia pg. 243.
Sometimes in an effort to use “plain” language scientists say things that are not just ambiguous, but incoherent. We should also be clear to distinguish between mere conjecture, persuasive evidence, established facts, and all the greys in between. This is what it means to be epistemologically responsible and it is a sacred duty. The NASA person who provided the information to the NASA spokesperson is to be blamed. Flat is a two-dimensional description. I have absolutely no idea what it could possibly mean to say that an actual physical thing, something with mass that exists in three-dimensional space, through time, is flat. A surface can be flat, but no real object is ever flat. There are reasons to believe that the AU is infinite⁵. I have no idea how the NASA person arrived at the figure of 150 BLY. Sadly NASA employees are not always as epistemologically responsible as they should be.
As to being flat, what they meant was homogenous & isotropic:
Homogenous means that at very large scales matter & energy are distributed uniformly, like butter fat in homogenized milk.
Isotropic refers to space itself not the matter & energy within it. Isotropic means that space is the same all over. This is closely associated with the Universality of Physical Laws. All of the Laws & Constants are the same everywhere & every when partially because space itself is the same everywhere & every when.
They also meant that there is not the astro-geological equivalent to mountains, canyons, or valleys to impede our view. We can see as far as light extends. Light passes through the “walls,” “bubbles,” “sheets,“ etc. of galaxies that astronomers speak of. They also meant that there is no “line of sight” curvature limiting our vision into the OU as there is on the surface of the earth. It can be difficult to picture our location in the OU. It takes effort. It is worth it.
When one considers a glass window pane one remembers that it is not particularly difficult for photons to miss electrons in “ordinary” matter and for this matter to be “unseen”. (The Greek equivalent to “unseen” is how the Bible describes God & the “new earth”(sea of glass).) One can follow William of Occam's excellent advice and not needlessly duplicate complexity by introducing unnecessary mystery.
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.
Invisible non-material, (spiritual) forces & unseen (spiritual) matter are just as physically real as visible material things. There is no actual fundamental distinction between physical and spiritual objects and forces.
⁴Epicurus B.C.) believed that the soul was made of matter, “soul atoms”. I personally believe that souls or “spirit bodies” are massive, that is generate gravitational fields. Now that Newton has established that energy is mass, & Einstein has established the exact relationship between them, 𝑬=𝑴𝑪². All of this is a distinction without a difference!
⁵Many Φ including myself believe the our OU is only (merely?) one of many, like an island in the Pacific Ocean. Because OU’s grow with time & ours is in its infancy, our OU may be An infinitesimally small Island in an infinitely big AU.
This is the part of “Multi-verse” Theory that Hawking & others have made famous & that many (myself included) consider “self-evidently correct”, as Hawking said of it.
“What about the largest scales?...We plainly have no direct evidence. However, there are no theoretical bounds on the extent of our universe…it may stretch not just millions of times further than our currently observable domain, but millions of power of ten further. And even that isn’t all. Our universe…may itself be just one member of a possible infinite ensemble.”
Just Six Numbers that control our universe! (Sir Martin Rees) Pg. 13.

10. Religion and Science: Two Sides Of One Coin
Peter Abelard: Si et non. The nature of Canon, (Authority¹) & it’s limits.
William of Occam²: Occam's two edged Razor, (scalpel) : Canon + reason.
Galileo: & Isaac Newton : ( ) Canon + reason + Observation & experimentation.
Robert Boyle, : Experimental epistemology.
John Locke: : Philosophical epistemology.
Immanuel Kant: : Pure reason.
P. P. Pratt: The key to the science of theology.
¹Bible & Popes
² William of Occam “On the Trinity” (Needlessly multiplying complexity)
The simplest answer is usually the correct one. When hearing hoof beats one should anticipate horses, not zebras.
“St. Thomas was willing to allow the one truth to be approached by two paths, precisely because he was sure there was only one truth. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing discovered in nature could ultimately contradict the Faith. Because the Faith was the one truth, nothing really deduced from the Faith could ultimately contradict the facts. It was in truth a curiously daring confidence in the reality of his religion; and though some may linger to dispute it, it has been justified. The scientific facts, which were supposed to contradict the Faith in the nineteenth century, are nearly all of them regarded as unscientific fictions in the twentieth century. Even the materialists have fled from materialism; and those who lectured us about determinism in psychology are already talking about indeterminism in matter.” G.K Chesterton, Saint Thomas Aquinas pg. 70.
Robert Boyle, The father of chemistry: In 1660 he co-founded the Royal Society of London. He profoundly influenced a young Isaac Newton Jr. In 1661 in “The skeptical Chemist” he counsels against scientists being arrogant & dogmatic. (1662 Boyle’s law). His experiments lead to his Law which lead to the discovery of elements, which lead to the discovery of molecules, which lead to the discovery of atoms, etc…
Also a father of epistemology, rather then considering his truths secrets, he published openly the details of both what he knew & how he knew it. He championed the use of experiments to establish the facts. He recommended that those with strong opinions should be willing to learn new things, admit when they are wrong, & most importantly carefully distinguish for themselves & others between what the knew to be true & what they thought to be true.
Boyle believed matter was composed of tiny corpuscles, particles that combined in different ways to form different substances.
What Boyle discovered about physics (nature) generally & living things specifically convinced him that there was a creator. He concluded that everyone who used his power of reason honestly would eventually believe in God. He saw the need for more than reason alone. Man needed something to investigate, some foundation upon which to conduct experiments. He found this in the Bible. Boyle donated a great deal of money to have the Bible published in new languages including his native Irish, as well as Arabic, many native American languages & etc. This was consistent with his epistemological commitment to share with everyone both what he knew & how he knew that he knew it.
Invisible non-material, (spiritual) forces are just as physically real as visible material things. There is no actual fundamental distinction between physical and spiritual objects and forces.

11. Religion and Science: Two Sides Of One Coin
A warm summer evening in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, Isaac Newton Jr. ( , noticed an apple fall from a tree. At arms length the apple appeared about as big as the moon appeared that evening. Newton wondered why the moon was not also falling. His discoveries changed the world in many ways! His discovery of the Gravitational Force ended the age of materialism¹ & randomness. There was more than “atoms and the void.” God did not need myriad angels to push the moon & planets around². Similar natural laws might govern everything, including mankind³.
Dr. Isaac Newton: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 3rd ed
Both Physics & Theology are the search for and the application of these Eternal natural laws, they can be nothing else!
“There is a law, irrevocably decreed in heaven before the foundations of this world, upon which all blessing are predicated- And when we obtain any blessing from God, it is by obedience to that law upon which it is predicated.” … D & C 130:20-21.
¹Predicting & Summoning the Forces was no longer exclusively the providence of Magicians & Priests.
“Newton had found that mass (m) and energy (E) were interchangeable; Einstein derived the first mathematical equation for the relationship…” The Genesis ENIGMA Dr. Andrew Parker, 2009.
²If God did not need myriad angels to enforce His will through brute force, perhaps Kings did not need solders or sheriffs either. Perhaps everyone could obey eternal laws. Perhaps laws are not to be arbitrarily decreed by God or Kings, but are to be discovered by humble diligence.
³”I teach men Righteous principles and they govern themselves” Joseph Smith Jr.
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.
Invisible non-material, (spiritual) forces are just as physically real as visible material things. There is no actual fundamental distinction between physical and spiritual objects and forces.

12. Religion and Science: Two Sides Of One Coin
57 centuries vs. 3 centuries.
Special & Natural revelation*.
An apparent conflict between them about “what and how” is resolved by Newton, ( ) before it became popular:
The Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 1687: Discovering God’s Laws neither limits Him, nor eliminates Him, It gives us deep, profound insight into Him.
Both Physics & Theology are the search for and the application of these Eternal natural laws, they can be nothing else!
* Physics or “Natural Philosophy”, as Galileo, Newton et. Al. called it, is one of two branches within Theology. “Theology is a branch of Theoretical Physics”. Frank Tippler
Newton discovered that God, through His angels, does not have to continually physically intervene to sustain nature. Using Laws like gravity and inertia, God sustains His creation effortlessly.
Through natural laws, (physics) God causes the sun to shine, the rain to fall, soil and air to be replenished, crops to grow, etc. Ad. Infinitum. We can learn these laws. Being obedient to them, we can become more like Him, sharing in His joy, in His creation!
Invisible non-material, (spiritual) forces such as inertia and gravity are just as physically real as visible material things. There is no actual fundamental distinction between physical and spiritual objects and forces.
The current misperception that science and religion were at war is of fairly recent origin. Much more recent than I had thought. Two highly polemical books, published in 1874 & 1896 misportray history. McGrath Op. cit. pg. 122.
“Western civilization is for the first time in its history in danger of dying. The reason is spiritual…The infection killing it is…the monoculturalism of secularism-no faith-no soul. Our century has been marked by genocide, sexual chaos and money-worship. Unless all the prophets are liars, we are doomed unless we repent… Kreeft Op. Cit. pg. 23.

13. Religion and Science: Two Sides Of One Coin
The division between physical objects & laws and spiritual objects & laws is a myth, unrecognized by God, & great scientists throughout history! Notice how often symbols of spiritual laws, i.e. “π”,(the compass) “²“, ”³”, “r²”, etc. appear alone, and in combination, within so many, so called “physical” laws, “discovered” millennia after the “spiritual” symbols and laws had been revealed!
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur Clarke.
For this exact reason Dr. Stephen Gould’s NOMA (Non-overlapping magisteria) is exactly wrong. It arises from the beliefs of ancient pagan religious faiths such as Naturalism & Materialism that hold that nothing that is not now observed exists. This is demonstrably false! The nature of all true science seeks objective truth everywhere. The goal of all true science is to remove, not codify, the present temporary gaps in our understanding. Please see notes for slide # 15.

14. Epistemology What is Knowable?
There are eternal, universal, unchanging, objective Truths¹, (Facts)! Everywhere! Always!
Three very different types of Truth (Facts):
Definitional: Bachelors are single because that is how we define the word. Everywhere! Always!
Logical/Mathematical: = 4! Everywhere! Always!
Empirical/Existential: Water is H² O¹ & it’s triple point is 0° C at one atmosphere of pressure! Everywhere! Always!
¹ see slide #13 regarding objective vs. subjective truth.
What can I know and how can I know that I know it?
“Of course we don’t know what we’re doing, that’s why we call it research!”
Albert Einstein. Dr. Wendy Leonard, The Utterly, Completely, and Totally useless science fact-o-pedia pg. ix.
“John Locke wrote…celebrating the joy of the pursuit of truth in life: ‘I know there is truth opposite to falsehood, that it may be found if people will, and is worth the seeking, and is not only the most valuable, but the pleasantest thing in the world.’ …Locke’s words…could serve as the motto for science, philosophy, and theology…” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg. 81.
“Truth abides forever…Truth is independent in it’s own sphere.” D & C 1:39, 93:30
Epistemology
Webster: “A branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.”
O.E.D.: “The branch of philosophy that deals with the varieties, grounds, and validity of knowledge.”
Britannica: “The study of the nature and validity of knowledge….examine the degrees of certainty and probability and the differences between knowing with certainty and believing without being certain ”
Paraphrasing Dr. Timothy Ferris: Every society in every age has had experts, sources for “authority”. We have always been (until now) “frequently in error, but seldom in doubt.” I understood him to mean (sarcastically I hope) Cosmologists are no longer in error, therefore no longer needing doubt.
“Reason is the friend of all other ways of knowing which are not irrational but nonrational. These nonrational ways of knowing must be distinguished from their irrational counterfeits:
Reason is the friend of divine authority, which can neither deceive nor be deceived, but not necessarily of human authority, fads and fashions.
Reason is the friend of faith in this divine authority, but not of naiveté. Thus reason leads to the faith and away from the cults.
Reason is the friend of hope, but not of human wishful thinking.
Reason is the friend of Agape (love) but not of Eros (selfish passion).
Reason is the friend and complement to imagery, symbol and myth, which also reveal truth, but not to impossible imaginings, esoteric fantasies or misty pseudomysticisms.” Kreeft Op. Cit. pg. 17.

15. Things aren't always what they seem:
What goes up must come down?
The Bigger they are, the harder & faster they fall?
Does the sun rise in the East & set in the West?
Is the chair you are sitting on solid & still?
Are you sitting on it at all?
Are your feet on the floor?
Is grass green?
But there are eternal, universal, unchanging, objective Truths, (Facts)! Everywhere! Always!
Epistemology: What can I know and how can I know that I know it?
“What can one say in an epistemologically responsible way today, about…” Hoyle.
Things can be true without being obvious. Things that seem obvious can be false.

16. Objective vs. subjective truth:
Thinking, speaking & writing on this subject is often muddled and/or unreasonable. Truth is not subjective if it meets the criteria of slide # 11. Subjective truth arguments are often the victim of circular reasoning. If Relativists claim that all truth is subjective and therefore personal & relative, than this set, “all truth” includes their own claims of universal “subjective relativity” and the rest of humanity has no reason to give any heed to it. Their arguments concerning their universe being without objective truth says nothing at all about my universe! If they have an argument about my universe, (or our universe) that argument would need to be objectively true. If they can objectively know this, (Inductively reasoning from their subjectivity, first to mine, then to universal subjectivity) at least one truth is objectively knowable and other truth may also be knowable.
“John Locke wrote…celebrating the joy of the pursuit of truth in life: ‘I know there is truth opposite to falsehood, that it may be found if people will, and is worth the seeking, and is not only the most valuable, but the pleasantest thing in the world.’ …Locke’s words…could serve as the motto for science, philosophy, and theology…”” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg. 81.
“I love reason and science. I’m a freethinker. That’s what led me to…embrace the Christian faith…” ibid. pg. 82.
“’If truth is objective, if we live in a world we did not create and cannot change merely by thinking, if the world is not really a dream of our own, then the most destructive belief we could possible believe would be the denial of this primary fact. It would be like closing your eyes while driving, or blissfully ignoring the doctor’s warnings.’ C.S. Lewis, “The Poison of Subjectivism” in Christian Reflections.
Of all of the symptoms of decay in our decadent civilization, subjectivism is the most disastrous of all. A mistake can possibly be discovered and amended if and only if truth exists and can be known and is loved and searched for. If you close your eyes to the light in the operating room, there is no chance at all the operation will work and that the patient will be saved.” Objective truth has nothing to do with emotions or attitudes. It is not based upon consensus nor public proof. Objective truth is truth which is independent of the knower & his consciousness. Kreeft & Tacelli op. cit. pg

17. Objective vs. subjective truth:
This would defeat their argument of universal subjectivity! This assertion is also demonstrably false! (see slide # 11) What I know & how sure I am that I know it is the object as well as the subject of epistemology. It is silly nonsense to dismiss as “subjective truth,” truth claims that one has not yet subjected to rigorous tests of epistemological responsibility: “Your belief that a man walked on the moon is only your subjective truth because I don’t know that it’s true? The Nazi holocaust was immoral is only your subjective truth because not everyone agrees?” The whole purpose of epistemology is to rigorously test and determine if one can know things and how certain one can be.
To dismiss something as “subjective truth” is to beg the question and to deprive oneself of both the process & the product of knowing! This is surely one of the defining qualities and one of the noblest attributes of humanity!
“John Locke wrote…celebrating the joy of the pursuit of truth in life: ‘I know there is truth opposite to falsehood, that it may be found if people will, and is worth the seeking, and is not only the most valuable, but the pleasantest thing in the world.’ …Locke’s words…could serve as the motto for science, philosophy, and theology…”” Dr. Alister McGrath: WHY GOD WON’T GO AWAY, 2010, pg. 81.
“I love reason and science. I’m a freethinker. That’s what led me to…embrace the Christian faith…” ibid. pg. 82.
“’If truth is objective, if we live in a world we did not create and cannot change merely by thinking, if the world is not really a dream of our own, then the most destructive belief we could possible believe would be the denial of this primary fact. It would be like closing your eyes while driving, or blissfully ignoring the doctor’s warnings.’ C.S. Lewis, “The Poison of Subjectivism” in Christian Reflections.
Of all of the symptoms of decay in our decadent civilization, subjectivism is the most disastrous of all. A mistake can possibly be discovered and amended if and only if truth exists and can be known and is loved and searched for. If you close your eyes to the light in the operating room, there is no chance at all the operation will work and that the patient will be saved.” Kreeft & Tacelli op. cit. pg

18. Epistemology How can I know Truth?
“Some ideas are so bad, they are not even wrong.” Enrico Fermi. “It is better to be wrong, than to be vague.” Freeman Dyson.
Sense & Non Sense: “Canoes, pancake covered dog houses, and ice cream that doesn’t have legs.”
Dogmatism & sorcery: Repeating things authoritatively doesn’t make them true.
Magical/wishful thinking¹: Much of atheism and materialism is magical and\or wishful thinking.
If you call a dog’s tail his leg²… your thoughts and your words are muddled and wrong.
Falsifiability: The truth claims of Christianity ³are completely factual, testable, provable (Falsifiable).
What can I know and how can I know that I know it?
2 + 2 = 5 is wrong = a small number is vague = spaghetti is nonsense, an idea so bad, it is not even wrong.
Common sense is a subset within the set of sense as contrasted from non sense.
“…-nonsense that is damned is under God’s curse, and will (apart from God’s grace) lead those who believe it to eternal death.” Lewis op. cit. pg. 45.
¹Much of popular “Christianity” and spiritualism is magical and\or wishful thinking.
²If you call a dog’s tail his leg, how many legs has he? The answer is four! Your muddled words and thoughts haven’t changed the dog!
There are definite limits to definitional truth, (such as internal & external consistency). (Changing the definition of “planet” did not change the solar system, the planets, or the number of planets in the solar system, it only demonstrated the muddled thinking & foolishness of some astronomers. Perhaps they should have prayed first, and/or reasoned more carefully?)
³ Christianity is not a proposition that has to be accepted or rejected on the basis of “blind faith”. It is not a “faith based,” “take it or leave it” proposition. There are a plethora of categories each containing an astounding number of falsifiable truth claims absolutely subject to rigorous epistemological examination!
Either it is better to give than to receive or it’s not.
Either a mutually interdependent intimate relationship based upon mutual sacrificial service and absolute sexual fidelity is the best form of marriage or it’s not.
Either the Bible is geographically accurate in thousands of details or it’s not.
Either the Bible is historically accurate in thousands of details or it’s not.
Either the Biblical assertions in psychology. philosophy, ethics, logic, etc. are true or they are not.

19. Epistemology How can I know Truth?
Can I appeal to authority? Relying on a source that we trust is the oldest and still by far the most common way of knowing or making sure.
Can I reason through it? Does 2+2=4?
Can I observe it?
Can I experiment and test it? (Can I make certain it is true?)
Can I “feel it” or “know it in my heart”?
Can God tell me it is true? (Can He make me certain It is true?)
What can I know and how can I know that I know it? Abelard: Si et non. Occam's Razor. Galileo: Observation & experimentation. (Locke, Kant: Pure reason.) P. P. Pratt: The key to the science of theology.
“The head is like the navigator. The heart is like the captain. (What the Scripture means by “heart” is closer to “will” than “feelings.”) Both the heart & the head are indispensable. Each obeys the other in a different way.” Kreeft Op. Cit. pg comments in italics added.

20. Epistemology How can I know Truth?
Can God tell me it is true?
Can I “feel it” or “know it in my heart”?
Can I experiment and test it? (Can I make certain it is true?)
Can I observe it?
Can I reason through it? Does 2+2=4?
Can I appeal to authority¹?
¹Is democratic theory ever authoritative? Is vanilla the best flavor of ice cream? Where do babies come from?
What can I know and how can I know that I know it? Abelard: Si et non. Occam's Razor. Galileo: Observation & experimentation. (Locke, Kant: Pure reason.) P. P. Pratt: The key to the science of theology.

21. Epistemology How certain can I be?
Degrees of Certainty: Faith, Emotion, & Evidence.
Probable cause¹:
Preponderance of the evidence²:
Clear & Convincing:
Beyond a Reasonable doubt:
Beyond any doubt:
No genuine question of fact exists (Judicial notice):
Faith is not believing something or trusting some authority against common sense or without evidence or some degree of certainty. Faith is sticking to your evidence based convictions, even when you are emotionally tempted to abandon them, or they become inconvenient or difficult³.
What can I know and how can I know that I know it?
“A proposition of fact is proved, when its truth is established by competent and satisfactory evidence.” “Competent and satisfactory evidence is the type and amount of evidence that would satisfy a reasonable and prudent unprejudiced person.” Simon Greenleaf, A treatise on the Law of 1870.
¹Having the appearance of truth. Being founded in reason or experience. The reasonable and prudent person rule.
² More likely true than not. More probable, convincing or reasonable than any other claim, theory or explanation. Sometimes one has to choose between one or more options, sometimes not.
³Faith is neither believing nor acting in the absence of evidence, faith is both believing & acting on the evidence even when it is emotionally difficult or practically unpleasant or inconvenient to do so-fortitude.

22. Epistemology How certain can I be?
“Any measurement that you make (decision that you come to) without knowledge of its uncertainty is completely meaningless.” “A measurement that doesn’t also indicate its degree of accuracy is meaningless.” “Knowing degrees of accuracy is critical to so many things in our lives.” Dr. Walter Lewin: FOR THE LOVE OF PHYSICS, 2011 pgs. x. ,8. (Parenthetical comment added.)
When my dear friend Dr. Arthur Robinson first gave me a tour of his property, as we viewed the river which runs through it he said, “This river is ten million six years old.” I said, “That’s amazing! How do you know that?” He said, “Six years ago a geologist was here and I asked him how old the river was. He examined the rocks in the bed and assured me that it was ten million years old.” (Art has a wonderful – dry sense of humor.)

23. Epistemology How certain can I be?
No genuine question
of fact exists
Beyond any doubt
Beyond a Reasonable doubt
Clear & Convincing
Preponderance of the evidence
Probable cause
What can I know and how can I know that I know it? Abelard: Si et non. Occam's Razor. Galileo: Observation & experimentation. (Locke, Kant: Pure reason.) P. P. Pratt: The key to the science of theology.

24. SET THEORY Probabilities limited by the size of the set:
Is the denominator of the probability of x > N?
How long does each sample take?
Replacement vs. Non-replacement in probability theory: Are the odds changing with each sample, (drawing from a hat) or are the odds staying the same, (flipping a coin)?
When drawing only one card from a standard shuffled deck, a particular card will probably never be found: 𝒙= 𝟏 𝟓𝟐 . 𝑵=𝟏.
N almost never equals infinity.
Very large numbers do not equal infinity. There are only a finite number of seconds in the history of our universe, only a finite number of stars 𝟕 𝒙 𝟏𝟎²³) & CC’s of space.
Not everything is merely improbable. Some things are outside the set. Flies never spontaneously generate from decaying flesh. Light is never instantaneous. When Galileo lived he could speculate that the odds were 50/50. Either they did & it was or they did not and it was not. In fact, there were never any odds of that at all, only odds of being right or wrong. One should be clear about how one is using probability. There is a difference between flipping a coin on heads, where two outcomes are possible, and attempting to spontaneously generate flies, which is never possible!
Every physicist is also a mathematician. My favorite parts of math are set theory & branch theory. There are many counter-intuitive, surprising truths within each. When looking at sets one should know if these are inclusive, exclusive or overlapping sets. One should also know if the data are Nominal, Ordinal, or Interval-Ratio.
Common sense is a subset within the set of sense as contrasted from non sense.
Common sense is a very important part of all truth, including all science, including set & branch theory.
Consider the classic paradox of which came first, the chicken or the egg? Let us consider the subsets of chickens that did not hatch from chicken eggs & chicken eggs that were not laid by chickens. Are these real or imaginary sets? I am persuaded that there are no real chickens that were not hatched from chicken eggs and no real chicken eggs that were not laid by chickens!
To begin considering Set theory, ponder the riddle of the three men & the hotel room & the nature of the Christian God Head or Trinity.
To begin considering Branch theory, ponder the role of quality vs. quantity in branching in genetics, (human genealogy) Christian theology, & nuclear fission (N. Korea’s problems).

25. EPISTEMOLOGICAL SET THEORY
WHAT IS KNOWABLE
WHAT HUMANITY KNOWS
WHAT I KNOW
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

26. EPISTEMOLOGICAL SET THEORY
WHAT IS KNOWABLE
WHAT I KNOW
WHAT HUMANITY KNOWS
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

27. EPISTEMOLOGICAL SET THEORY
WHAT I DON’T KNOW
WHAT HUMANITY DOES NOT KNOW
WHAT IS UNKOWABLE (TERMINAL COUNSELS)
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

28. EPISTEMOLOGICAL SET THEORY
WHAT I THINK IS TRUE
WHAT IS TRUE
WHAT IS MOSTLY OR NEARLY TRUE
WHAT IS MOSTLY OF NEARLY FALSE
WHAT IS FALSE
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

29. THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL PYRAMID
AUTHORITY
EXTERNAL CONSISTENCY
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
REASONABLENESS
SENSE VS. NON-SENSE
The higher one climbs in any subject, the further one is away from being “without knowledge” of that subject. “Without knowledge” = “agnostic” = “ignoramus”.
The higher one climbs in any subject, the more one is likely to be deceived.
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.

30. EPISTEMOLOGICAL SETS AS A PARLOR GAME¹: Where did Bill get his education?
His memories are accurate
AUTHORITY
EXTERNAL CONSISTENCY
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
REASONABLENESS
SENSE VS. NON-SENSE
His memories were changed slightly*
He is from another planet
He was tutored by angles
¹ Applying slides # 15 & 17 usually we can find answers, sometimes the answer is: “What is that to thee? Follow thou me.” (Jn. 21:22.)
Neil Maxwell on bitter irony: The three characteristics of the temptations of Christ in the wilderness.
Bill Mills on sweet irony: How the duty of epistemological responsibility prevents me from asserting the source of that duty.
Being “self taught” is non-sense, (oxymorons are at the very least internally inconsistent). Everything not always present, came from somewhere else.
By definition one does not start with something one acquires, such as education.
Sometimes the best answer has not been found yet.
Sometimes the best answer is a blending or composite of identified options.
“I don’t know” is always an epistemologically responsible position.
*An insignificant change would tend to discredit me, make it harder to verify the truth and be mentally & emotionally destabilizing.
Uniform Jury Instructions on witness veracity: Has affirmation more veracity than negation?
(Were they lying then, or are they lying now?)
Arguments in negation: Proving a negative pregnant: Logically it is very difficult to prove what is not. Usually one can only prove that certain evidence is lacking. Arguments in negation often only prove that we do not know what happened, not that a particular thing did not happen.
When the lack of witness veracity renders something unknowable: JFK assassination, Roswell U.F.O., Bill’s Education.
The Feasance triplets:
A child’s version of this game might consist of a parent or grand-parent hiding candy somewhere in the room/house. How can the child know the “truth” of where it is? How sure can he be? How can the child know the “Truth” of what it is? How sure can he be?
Other versions might include: The five questions of this class. 15 questions concerning Evolution. Are LDS Christians? 17 questions concerning climate change. Is the Bible the reliable word of God? Is Chastity or the Sabbath a Law like Gravity? Is one flavor of Ice cream best? How can we know? How sure can we be?

31. ANOTHER EPISTEMOLOGICAL PYRAMID
WHAT I KNOW IS TRUE
WHAT I KNOW IS FALSE
WHAT I THINK IS TRUE
WHTAT I THINK IS FALSE
WHAT I THINK IS KNOWABLE
WHAT I THINK IS UNKNOWABLE
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

32. Can I reason through it? ERROR TRUTH
Deductive Reasoning: Large to small:
Example: All Mammals are warm blooded. Humans are warm blooded, therefore humans are mammals.
Inductive Reasoning: Small to large:
Example: . Humans are warm blooded. All Mammals are warm blooded, therefore humans are mammals.
Sequential Reasoning:
Example: Smoke is seen after fire. I see smoke, therefore there has been fire.
If the premise is false, the sentence is non-sense, even if the conclusion happens to be true².
Example: Many men are selfish. Bill is a man, therefore Bill is selfish.
Example: I knew a kind Christian. Bill is a Christian, therefore Bill is kind.
Post Hoc Reasoning¹: Example: I saw a black cat. Something bad happened, therefore seeing a black cat is bad luck. I went outside when it was cold. I got sick, therefore being outside in the cold causes sickness.
One should be wary of “all and/or nothing” thinking. “One should never use “always” or “never” because it is always wrong. ”
One should be wary of dichotomous thinking: “There are only two kinds of people in this world: People who think there are only two kinds of people, and people who realize that reality is more complex and nuanced than that.”
¹Circular reasoning is a specific variety of error in sequential reasoning:
“I like ice cream, therefore ice cream is something that I like.”
“It is good to be fair because being fair is good.”
“If things were different, they wouldn’t be the same.”
This sounds silly but is actually quite dangerous. It always seems self evidently true, because it is. The danger comes later when one builds on a conclusion constructed with circular reasoning. Do I like all ice cream? Do I always like ice cream? Should I like ice cream? Circular reasoning seems to go everywhere, when in fact it goes nowhere. When combined with “all or nothing” thinking, Circular reasoning is silly nonsense.
²Because Bill is 6” 4’ he is a Libertarian. Sense Mormons aren’t Christians, they don’t believe in Cheap Grace.
“A Minilession in Logic
The inherent structure of human reason manifests itself in three acts of the mind:
Understanding,
Judging and
Reasoning.
These three acts of the mind are expressed in:
Terms,
Propositions and
Arguments.
Terms are either clear or unclear. Propositions are either true or untrue. Arguments are either logically valid or invalid.
A term is clear if it is intelligible and unambiguous. A proposition is true if it corresponds to reality, if it says what is. An argument is valid if the conclusions follows necessarily from the premises. If all of the terms in an argument are clear, and if all of the premises are true, and if the argument is free from logical fallacy, then the conclusion must be true. ”Kreeft Op. Cit. pg. 17.
+ plus
− minus
∕ divided by
∙ multiplied by
√ the square root of
∞ Infinity
∂ partial differential or “the amount of change in”
∆ increment
∑ the some of
∩ The intersection of
∫ integral
≈ almost equal to
≠ not equal to
≡ identical to
≤ less than or equal to
≥ greater than or equal to
< less than
= equal to
> greater than

33. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICENCE
Small sample error: One type of error in inductive reasoning: “Crocodile Dundee” TV scene in NY motel: “Yep, that’s what I saw.”
Galileo's experiments:
The speed of light: How closely are we looking?
The spontaneous generation of flies: How closely controlled is our experiment?
Climate Change: How long will it take to know?
Association v. causation: Glacial Hawaii analogy: My wild polar bear watch.
Prayer experiment: What did it really prove? Redundant prayer has a maximum efficacy for the person being prayed for? Prayer that is part of a double blind experiment is inefficacious? Who knows?
Holistic health & experimental confirmation: Rᵪ“Begin by fasting & praying one day for every year you have sinned. After receiving a remission of your sins…You will live with strength to finish your pre-ordained work upon the earth.” Hippocrates. Do we know whether or not his prescriptions were 100% effective with compliance 100% of the time?

34. Relying on authority
Almost everything we believe to be true, we learned from some “Authority”. Generally we believe because of authority. Most personal experience, (observation, reasoning & experimentation) confirms or disputes what we previously believed or doubted because of authority. The Real question isn’t “Have we faith in authority?” It is What or Which authority have we faith in, how much faith do we have in it, and how much additional research, reasoning and/or experimentation will we do to test or verify what “Authority” has said?
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

35. TOLSTOY & BACON
“I know that most men, including those at ease with problems of the greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most obvious truth, if it be such as would oblige them to admit the falsity of conclusions which they have delighted in explaining to colleagues, which they have proudly taught to others, and which have been woven, thread by thread into the fabric of our lives.” Tolstoy “The human understanding when it has once adopted an opinion…draws all things else to support and agree with it. And though there be a greater number and weight of instances to be found on the other side, yet these it either neglects or despises.” Bacon
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

36. Types & Tokens
Type: A person or thing symbolizing or exemplifying the ideal or defining characteristics of something.
Type: The ideal or defining characteristics of something.
Token: One specific example.
Token: One specific, distinct, physical, person or thing.
A chair is one type of furniture. A table is another type of furniture. A stool is a type of chair. A recliner is another type of chair; perhaps the perfect, ideal, or complete “type” of chair.
The chair you are sitting in is a token chair. The chair next to you may be a token of the exact same type.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

37. Uni-verse or Cosmos? Are There Universal Laws, (Equations)?
Are There Universal Constants?
Are There Universal Elements?
Are There Universal Forces
We do not live in an (exclusively) material world!
We live in a Universe, with Eternal Laws, Constants, Elements, (materials) and Forces.
They are the Typical God: Eternal, unchanging, omniscient, omnipotent, & omnipresent!
“When I was a young man, I also gave in to the notion of (nothing but) atoms and the void, (vacuum) but reason brought me into the right way.” Leibniz 1716.
“Colours, sweetness, bitterness, these exist by convention, in truth there are atoms and fields from Forces in the void.” Mills 2003.
“There are Forces, Laws, & Constants, everything else is a question of scalars.” Unknown.

38. Uni-verse or Cosmos?
Taken together as a whole, They posses all of the godly qualities such as: The “Omni’s,” Being eternal, unchanging, just, loving, merciful, wise, beautiful, etc.
For Christians these truths & Jesus Christ are the typical God!
Jesus typifies these truths and they typify Him!
Everyone, including Agnostics & Atheists agree these truths are sacred and should be understood, (known) and obeyed! The typical God is an empirical, existential fact! Usually it is only a personal “token” God, and whether He intervenes, that agnostics doubt & atheists deny.
The Christian God is also a personal “token” God, who does intervene, but we are already half way to complete agreement!
This is enough agreement for everyone to be a religious person of “faith,” and pursue a life-long spiritual journey¹!
¹Regarding both the distinctions between A “Typical” and A “Token” God and between Theism & Deism: I see an “Inverse Mandelbrot’s Fractal effect.” The closer I look at the practical theological differences between them, the less difference I find (see notes to slide #92).
Einstein's God was the Typical God.
Ed Gillespie’s God: Was a Personal, Token God. He acknowledged that He was also the Typical God, but he know nothing about that and had no interest in it, in symmetry to many Typical Theists that I know.
Newton’s God: Was both the Typical & the Token God of Christianity.
Believing in a Typical & Token God who does not intervene is called Deism.
It is possible to believe in A Token God but not in a Typical God, although it is quite unreasonable and irrational to do so, typically they simply have never thought it through.

39. There Are many Universal Laws, (Equations)!
The Five Equations that changed the world are a few examples:
Gravity F = G x M₁ X M₂/d². Newton.
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: (Entropy) ΔS ˃ 0. Clausius or ΔS = ΔQ/t.
Hydrodynamics: Constant = P/ρ + gz + v²/2. Bernoulli*.
Electromagnetic induction¹: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell. F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb.
Matter is energy: 𝑬=𝑴𝑪². Einstein
*Also stated as: P + ½ pv² + pgy = constant.
The sum of the pressure (P), the kinetic energy per unit volume (½ pv²), & potential energy per unit volume (pgy) has the same value at all points along a streamline. This is the principle of hydraulics! Because air is fundamentally just a thin liquid it is also the discovery that made flight possible!!!
¹”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between #1 & # 4 as specified in Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd².
“There is a law, irrevocably decreed in heaven before the foundations of this world, upon which all blessing are predicated- And when we obtain any blessing from God, it is by obedience to that law upon which it is predicated.” … D & C 130:20-21.
Electromagnetic induction: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell.
”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
It is also stated as: 𝒅𝐅 = 0, 𝒅𝑭=𝟒𝜫𝑱. And as, E = -dΦ/dt.
Charles Augustin Coulomb,
F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/d². Or F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/r². Sometimes a C is substituted for the K just as an r is substituted for the d.
Coulomb.
k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
One Ampere per second equals one Coulomb.
𝒅𝒒=𝒊 𝒅𝒕.
Where dq is the charge in coulombs, I is he current in amperes, and dt is the time in seconds.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation & Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd². or
F = 1/4πε * Q₁Q₂/d². Where F is the force, ε (also written εₒ) is the permittivity of the medium, Q₁ & Q₂ are the point charges & d is the distance between them. F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓) /r².
Or,
F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓)/d².
The electric force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart times the permeability of the medium between them:
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them & is along the line joining them.
It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.
It is attractive if the charges are opposite & repulsive if the same.

40. There Are Universal Constants!
There are hundreds of precise Fundamental Constants in our universe. They must be EXACT:
Never more. Never less.
No where more. No where less.
Never different. No where different.
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.
The “Anthropic Cosmological Principle” that all of the Constants are exactly right because that is the only way we could be here to observe that they are, is circular reasoning. It is like saying that: “A pair of dice landed on seven, 1000 times in a row because they were thrown 1000 times & always came up seven”, (otherwise something else would have happened) or: “If things were different, they wouldn’t be the same.” If you do observe 1000 sevens, in 1000 rolls, you can be certain that the dice were very precisely designed to do that, and only that!
Drs. Levo & Rees state the matter exactly wrong: “Anthropic reasoning seems to point to a fundamental limitation of physics-even the “end of physics.” (Dr. Stephen Hawking: Is the end in sight for physics?) …Physicists would like, above all else, to discover a uniquely self-consistent set of equations that determines all microphysical constants…They therefor hope hat future theories will reveal that all physical parameters are uniquely determined…But there is no reason why…they maybe doomed to failure.” Drs. William Craig & Paul Gould in The Two Tasks of the Christian Scholar REDEMMING the SOUL, REDEMMING the MIND, 2007, pg Physicists are not doomed to failure! What we seek is the Typical God. We know that He exists and He has promised to keep revealing Himself to us as we keep Seeking Him. He has promised us ultimate, complete & total success!
Parenthetical comment added.

41. There Are Universal Constants!
Just Six Numbers that control our universe! (Sir Martin Rees)
N = EM/G 1x10³⁵: The strength of the electrical mag-netic force that holds atoms in their places within molecules, divided by the gravitational force pulling them together, = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000!
ε = 0.007*: Determines how firmly atomic nuclei bind together, how atoms are made, which atoms & how many of each atom are made, & it controls the sun’s power.
Ω = Σm\G .3: The total amount of material in the uni-verse, both what we can see, (stars, planets etc.) and the “spirit-ual” matter, (“Dark matter”) that we cannot see divided by the gravitational force . This balances the gravity, (G) and expansion energy of the universe, (λ) .
The mass of the nucleus of a helium atom equals .993 parts protons & neutrons & .007 *parts that are converted into energy as E=MC² during fusion in our sun and in every star.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.

42. There Are Universal Constants!
Just Six Numbers that control our universe!
(Sir Martin Rees)
λ 0.7: The expansion energy of the universe expressed in relationship to # 3¹. This results in a slow steady expansion of /- 1.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
Q = Σrme* /G: The gravitational force divided by the expansion energy of the universe, λ 1x10¯5 = 1/100,000.
D = 3. The number of dimensions in space/time.
¹ I realize that these numbers are estimates and are definitionally true relative to each other. I would be delighted if # 3 were exactly My (& Dr. Rees’s) only point here is that in relationship with each other and all of the other Constants, they must be exactly what they are. Even when we do not yet know what there exact values are, we do no that there values must be exact or life in our universe would be impossible.
*The Sum or Total of all the ‘rest mass energy’ in the universe, (MC²).

43. There Are Universal Constants!
Seven correlate to the Forces that control our universe.
Gravitational: G = x 10¯¹¹m³kg¯¹s¯².
EM: Elementary Charge: ε = x 10¯¹⁹C.
1 eV = x 10¯¹⁹ J & x 10¯³⁶ kg.
Week: Ratio: mp/ mₑ = ; E=MC²
Strong: Atomic mass unit: amu = x ¯²⁷kg. E=MC²
λ: = The expansion energy of the universe. This results in a slow steady expansion of /- 1.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
Fc = Equation.
(Agape) = Equation.
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Mitchell Feigenbaum (1945-) 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?). (This Force is known by many other names including “Love”, “Faith”, “Love of God” “Light of Christ” & etc. ad infinitum & is often vaguely described.)
If the strong Force has a relative strength of 1:
The Electromagnetic Force has a relative strength of 10⁻².
The Weak Force has a relative strength of 10⁻⁹.
The Gravitational Force has a relative strength of 10⁻³⁸.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
This slide is unfinished. I mailed out these equations. I will finish it ASAP after I am out.

44. There Are Universal Constants!
Speed of Light: C = x 18⁸ m s¯¹.
Plank’s: h = x 10 ¯³⁴ Js, or J/Hz. The ratio of the smallest possible unit, (A quantum) of energy, to its frequency: E = hv.
Dirac’s ħ = h/2π = x 10 ¯³⁴ Js. This derivative of Plank’s Constant is helpful in physics.
Plank’s Length: Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m. The distance at which quantum mechanics must compliment classical gravity.
Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s. How long it takes a photon to travel Plank’s Length.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”¹

45. There Are Universal Constants!
Plank’s : Mass: Mp = √(ħc/G) 10¯⁸kg. The mass of a particle whose Compton wavelength is equal to Planks length.
Permittivity of vacuum: Eo = x 10¯¹² c²/Jm F = Q₁Q₂/r²4πεₒ. A ratio of electric displacement, used with insulators.
Permeability of vacuum: µₒ= 1/EoC² = x 10¯⁶ H/m = 4π x 10¯⁷ H m ¯¹. A ratio of magnetic flux.
Avogadro’s¹ NA = x 10²³ mol¯¹. The number of atoms or molecules in one mole of substance.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
¹Often there are Laws that accompany each Constant. Avogadro’s Law states that all gasses at the same pressure & temperature have the same number of molecules per volume.

46. There Are Universal Constants!
Electron Mass at rest: mₑ = x 10 ¯³¹ kg.
Proton Mass at rest: mp = x 10¯²⁷ kg.
Neutron Mass at rest: mn = x 10¯²⁷ kg.
Atomic mass Constant: mg = x 10¯²⁷ kg.
Electron charge to mass ratio: ε/mₑ = x 10¹¹ C/kg.
Bohr Radius: aₒ = 4πεₒh²/ mₑe² = x 10¯¹⁰ m. A unit of length to measure atoms.
Faraday Constant: ₣ = Nₐε = x 10⁴ C/mol. The electric charge carried by one mole of electrons.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

47. There Are Universal Constants!
Coulomb Constant: C = k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
Fine-structure Constant: [μ₀c²/ 4π](e²ħc) = a¯' =
Muon mass: m μ = x 10¯²⁸ kg.
Ratio of muon mass to electron mass:
Bohr magneton: μB = eħ/2mε = x 10¯²⁴ J/T. A unit for measuring very small magnetism.
Molar Gas Constant: R = JK¯¹ mol¯¹. Relating to the relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume of a gas.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
Electromagnetic induction: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell.
”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
It is also stated as: 𝒅𝐅 = 0, 𝒅𝑭=𝟒𝜫𝑱. And as, E = -dΦ/dt.
Charles Augustin Coulomb,
F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/d². Or F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/r². Sometimes a C is substituted for the K just as an r is substituted for the d.
Coulomb.
k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
One Ampere per second equals one Coulomb.
𝒅𝒒=𝒊 𝒅𝒕.
Where dq is the charge in coulombs, I is he current in amperes, and dt is the time in seconds.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation & Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd². or
F = 1/4πε * Q₁Q₂/d². Where F is the force, ε (also written εₒ) is the permittivity of the medium, Q₁ & Q₂ are the point charges & d is the distance between them. F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓) /r².
Or,
F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓)/d².
The electric force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart times the permeability of the medium between them:
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them & is along the line joining them.
It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.
It is attractive if the charges are opposite & repulsive if the same.

48. There Are Universal Constants!
Boltzmann constant: kB = x 10¯²³ j/k¯¹. The ratio of the gas constant to #20.
Gas Volume: Vm = J/mol K.
Nuclear magneton: μN = eħ/2mp = x 10¯²⁷ J/T. Another unit for measuring very small magnetism.
Free electron g factor: gₑ = 2 x Relating to qualities of metals.
Classical electron radius: [μ₀c²/ 4π](e²/ mₑc²) = a³/ 4π R∞.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

49. There Are Universal Constants!
Rydberg: R∞ = x 10⁷m¯¹, = µₒ²me⁴c³/8h³. Related to the atomic spectra and the binding energy between an electron and a nucleon & related to other Constants.
Loschmidt: L = NA /Vm = x 10²⁵m¯³. The number of particles per mm³ of an ideal gas at sea level.
Stefan-Boltzmann: σ = x 10¯⁸ W m¯² K¯⁴. Related to the total amount of radiated heat energy excluding light. E = σT⁴.
Thomson cross section: (8/3)πrₑ² = σₑ = x 10¯²⁸m².
for the 184 Elemental Constants, (Atomic weight & number for the 92 natural elements) Etc. Ad infinitum.
Unless otherwise stated uncertainty is at the last reported digit.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

50. There Are Universal Elements!
There are 92 natural elements, distinct atoms, in our universe. They each have their own distinct atomic number and their own distinct atomic weight.
Never more. Never less.
No where more. No where less.
Never different. No where different.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

51. There Are Universal Elements!
Paley¹ observed that if one discovered a watch among iron ore, correctly set & keeping proper time, one would know that a watchmaker had created it. (1802)
Now that we know how God made the elements, 90 of 92 forged in the furnace of giant stars, not only are the “creations” “Paley’s Watch”, but the ingredients used to build the “Watch” are also “Paley’s Watch”.
To discover something brilliantly, even exquisitely designed, creatively and skillfully constructed, currently operating with minutely tuned precision, and think it had no Creator, is as Schopenhauer observed, “Not merely mistaken, but stupid.” (1860)
¹”When we come to inspect the watch, we perceive… that it’s several parts are framed and put together for a purpose, e.g. that they are so formed and adjusted as to produce motion, and that motion so regulated as to point out the hour of the day; that, if different parts had been differently shaped from what they are, if a different size from what they are, or placed after any other manner, or in any other order than that in which they are placed, either no motion at all would have been carried on in the machine, or none which would have answered the use that is now served by it…Every indication of contrivance, every manifestation of design, which existed in the watch, exists in the works of nature; with the difference, on the side of nature, of being greater and more, and that in a degree which exceeds all computation.” NATURAL THEOLOGY; or, Evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the Appearances of Nature. William Paley, See also Paley’s A View of the Evidences of Christianity, 1794.
It is always good to be epistemologically responsible. It is always epistemologically responsible to say: “I don’t know.” It is quite another matter to be complacent in and proud of one’s not knowing or to try to force not knowing on others. The Latin translation of “Agnostic” meaning “without knowledge” is “Ignoramus”.
It is one thing to specialize & only know the Typical God as Einstein did, or to only know the Token God as Gillespie did. It is quite another thing to make oneself God. There are no atheists, only Typical theists and Egotheists.

52. There Are Universal Forces!
The True meaning of Omnipotence: Beyond passive Laws that cannot be broken¹, there are powerful Laws, Forces, that literally, physically force their influence upon us! This is A fundamental misunderstanding of disobedience! We do not ever break God’s laws, we sometimes break ourselves against them! “Obedience” is from a Greek word, ”hpakono”² through Latin, (ob oedire “toward + hearing”) meaning “to listen”.
Gravitational: Newton: G.F. = G x M₁ X M₂ \d².
Electromagnetic ³: Faraday/Maxwell: EM= Δ x E = - ∂B/∂T.
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Mitchell Feigenbaum (1945-) 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?). (This Force is known by many other names including “Love”, “Faith”, “Love of God” “Light of Christ” & etc. ad infinitum & is often vaguely described.)
¹See slide #36.
² Strong’s #5219.
³E = -dΦ/dt. . F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. Notice the similarity (symmetry) between #1 & # 2 Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd².
Electromagnetic induction: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell.
”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
It is also stated as: 𝒅𝐅 = 0, 𝒅𝑭=𝟒𝜫𝑱. And as, E = -dΦ/dt.
Charles Augustin Coulomb,
F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/d². Or F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/r². Sometimes a C is substituted for the K just as an r is substituted for the d.
Coulomb.
k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
One Ampere per second equals one Coulomb.
𝒅𝒒=𝒊 𝒅𝒕.
Where dq is the charge in coulombs, I is he current in amperes, and dt is the time in seconds.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation & Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd². or
F = 1/4πε * Q₁Q₂/d². Where F is the force, ε (also written εₒ) is the permittivity of the medium, Q₁ & Q₂ are the point charges & d is the distance between them. F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓) /r².
Or,
F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓)/d².
The electric force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart times the permeability of the medium between them:
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them & is along the line joining them.
It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.
It is attractive if the charges are opposite & repulsive if the same.

53. There Are Universal Forces!
WEAK: Einstein, Curies, et. al. : Δm = (mp + mn) – md. X C².
STRONG: Einstein, Oppenheimer, et. al. : ¹₁H + ¹₁H → ²₁H + °₁e + v. ¹₁H + ²₁H → ³₂He + ϒ. (followed by either) ¹₁H + ³₂He → ⁴₂He + °₁e + v x C², or ³₂He + ³₂He → ⁴₂He + ¹₁H + ¹₁H x C².
LAMBDA: λ 0.7: The expansion energy of the universe. This results in a slow steady expansion of /- 1.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
FEIGENBAUM’s Constant of Chaos: (Fc = Equation).
AGAPE (LOVE OF GOD-LIGHT OF CHRIST): (Equation).
¹See slide #33.
² Strong’s #5219.
³E = -dΦ/dt. . F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. Notice the similarity (symmetry) between #1 & # 2 Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd².
Electromagnetic induction: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell.
”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
It is also stated as: 𝒅𝐅 = 0, 𝒅𝑭=𝟒𝜫𝑱. And as, E = -dΦ/dt.
Charles Augustin Coulomb,
F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/d². Or F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/r². Sometimes a C is substituted for the K just as an r is substituted for the d.
Coulomb.
k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
One Ampere per second equals one Coulomb.
𝒅𝒒=𝒊 𝒅𝒕.
Where dq is the charge in coulombs, I is he current in amperes, and dt is the time in seconds.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation & Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd². or
F = 1/4πε * Q₁Q₂/d². Where F is the force, ε (also written εₒ) is the permittivity of the medium, Q₁ & Q₂ are the point charges & d is the distance between them. F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓) /r².
Or,
F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓)/d².
The electric force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart times the permeability of the medium between them:
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them & is along the line joining them.
It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.
It is attractive if the charges are opposite & repulsive if the same.
This slide is unfinished. I mailed out these equations. I will finish it ASAP after I am out.

54. Gravitational Force F = G x M₁ X M₂ \d².
God uses gravity to hold many things in the universe in their exact proper places, in a very complex interdependent dance.
Man uses gravity to hold satellites in orbit with great skill & exact calculations for a few years. To believe God did not place the earth and moon into a much more precise orbit for billions of years: Now that is an act of Blind faith*!
Where did Newton get this knowledge? According to his testimony, The Christian God revealed this to him! And a great deal more! Newton was perhaps the greatest scientist who ever lived. His Christian devotion is second to none. His discoveries changed the world. Shall we ignore other things he learned, and how he learned them? Is it better to have one article, or continuing access to the Internet?
*Blind faith is merely being epistemologically irresponsible. No one considers this to be a virtue, or even a good idea.
Like Kepler & Galileo before him, Newton prayed & God intervened & answered his prayers! Shall we continue to learn as Newton learned, or shall we abandon our best methods of learning, and our best source of knowledge?
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860

55. Gravitational Force F = G x M₁ X M₂ \d². G = 6
Gravitational Force F = G x M₁ X M₂ \d². G = x 10¯¹¹m³kg¯¹s¯².
Sometimes we rebel and disobey gravity, injuring or killing ourselves and/or others.
Sometimes our disobedience makes our burdens greater and our lives harder.
The ‘Thou Shalt not’s’ in scripture protect us from these errors¹.
The lever, pulley & Wheel-barrow are examples of simple obedience to God’s law of gravity that makes our lives easier².
Satellites are an example of a higher order of obedience to gravity, making possible many ‘miracles’ that seem magical to those who do not know these laws or refuse to obey them³.
¹LDS-Christians call these “Telestrial” laws.
²These are examples of what LDS-Christians call “Terrestrial” laws.
³This is an example of what LDS-Christians call “Celestial” laws.
F = G x M₁ X M₂ \d². G = x 10¯¹¹m³kg¯¹s¯².
ESCAPE VELOCITY:
𝑽ₑ= 𝟐𝑮𝑴 ₑ/𝑹ₑ.

56. Electromagnetic Force EM= Δ x E = - ∂B/∂T.¹
God uses the EM force to hold molecules together and to animate all life. It is the basis of all chemistry!
Man uses the EM force for virtually all of his technology!
In one short elegant concept, Michael Faraday, a humble Christian bookbinder, with no formal education, “discovers” the one law that describes both the generator and the motor in a single line! Where did he get this knowledge? According to his testimony, the Christian God revealed this to him! And a great deal more!
Like Kepler, Galileo & Newton before him, In 1831 Faraday prayed & God intervened & answered his prayers!
The Contributions of Christians William Sturgeon & Joseph Henry in creating electromagnets should also be mentioned. Henry’s same prayers were also answered in 1831.
It is important to remember that only in retrospect that others argue over “priority” for these discoveries. Like the mutually independent discovery of Calculus by Leibniz & Newton earlier, once they both new of the others discoveries, all gave the credit to God who they knew to be the source or all fruitful discovery. To the extent they worked collaboratively, All of the above mentioned, Maxwell & others demonstrated true Christian love & humility. It was not simply present in the scientific process it was a most necessary ingredient for the scientific process to proceed & to succeed!
Much of the material herein was written after reading: COLLEGE PHYSICS. Serway & Faughn 2nd ed , FUNDAMENTAL OF PHYSICIS, HALLIDAY & RESNICK 3RD ED. 1989, & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, Berry, Rice & Ross, . 2nd ed. O.U.P which no doubt deserve credit for much of the material.
¹E = -dΦ/dt. F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. Notice the similarity (symmetry) between #1 & # 2 Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd².
Electromagnetic induction: (EM) ΔX E = -∂B/∂T. Faraday-Maxwell.
”The total electromotive force acting around any closed path in space is equal to the rate of decrease of the magnetic flux linking the path. In this equation ΔX represents a mathematical operator, called the Curl, which when acting on the vector E produces three partial differential equations. E represents electric field, ∂B represents changes in the magnetic field, and ∂T represents changes in time.
It is also stated as: 𝒅𝐅 = 0, 𝒅𝑭=𝟒𝜫𝑱. And as, E = -dΦ/dt.
Charles Augustin Coulomb,
F = K x q₁ x q₂/d². Coulomb. F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/d². Or F = K x (q₁ x q₂)/r². Sometimes a C is substituted for the K just as an r is substituted for the d.
Coulomb.
k = x 10⁹ N x m²/C².
One Ampere per second equals one Coulomb.
𝒅𝒒=𝒊 𝒅𝒕.
Where dq is the charge in coulombs, I is he current in amperes, and dt is the time in seconds.
Notice the similarity (symmetry) between Newton’s law of Universal Gravitation & Coulomb’s law which is also stated as: F = Q₁ x Q₂/4πεd². or
F = 1/4πε * Q₁Q₂/d². Where F is the force, ε (also written εₒ) is the permittivity of the medium, Q₁ & Q₂ are the point charges & d is the distance between them. F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓) /r².
Or,
F = K x (⃓q₁⃓ x ⃓q₂⃓)/d².
The electric force of attraction or repulsion between two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges & inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart times the permeability of the medium between them:
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them & is along the line joining them.
It is proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges.
It is attractive if the charges are opposite & repulsive if the same.

57. Electromagnetic Force EM= Δ x E = - ∂B/∂T.
Michael Faraday & James Maxwell were two of the greatest scientists of their generation, two of the greatest scientists of the 19th Century! Their discoveries in physics changed the world! (lights, TV, radio, phones, Computers, Electricity!) Faraday & Maxwell were very devout Christians. They were the pioneering giants of electromagnetism. Christians both, they credit Him, God, with revealing the nature of electromagnetism to them. Shall we ignore both from whom they learned it and how?
Like Kepler, Galileo & Newton before them, They prayed & God intervened and answered their prayers! Shall we continue to learn as all of them learned, or shall we abandon our best methods of learning, and our best source of knowledge?

58. WEAK E=MC²
God uses the weak force to hold atoms together. It is also an exactly accurate and eternal time keeping device, (radioactive decay).
Man uses the weak force to keep time in the present, and to date artifacts from the past.
A “type” & “token” of Paley’s Watch¹ is kept by the U.S Navy in Colorado! It is Cesium 133, the “guts” of an Atomic clock!
Man also uses the weak force to generate electricity, in medicine, and to make bombs.
Shall we trust the watch and deny and/or ignore the watchmaker?
¹See note #2 on page #62.

59. STRONG E=MC²
God starts with a variation of this most famous equation: M = E/C².
He takes gas, hydrogen, (Mass, “M”) and using an invention far more ingenious then our Hydrogen Bomb, His sun, He creates light & energy that sustains life on this planet. (Man makes bombs.)
God takes energy, (E) from His sun, and using another ingenious invention, His plants, converts sunlight, (E) back into mass, but not gasses, food for all animals on earth. This application of E = MC², is called: “Photosynthesis”!
God uses this same invention, plants, to replenish both the air and the soil completing both the O² - CO² & the nitrogen cycles!

60. LAMBDA λ = @ 0.7 The expansion Force of the universe.
God uses Lambda to balance Gravity on a scale larger than galaxies. This assures that His kingdom will keep growing and never end, expanding eternally at a rate of /- 1.4 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
λ, Discovered in 1998, has no discernible effect on scales less than a billion light years!
Man does not use this Force.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

61. God uses this to accomplish His creating and exalting purposes.
CHAOS (Fc = Equation)
Called the Constant of “Chaos,” it is in fact the opposite. When all of the facts are known, foreknowledge, (prediction, or prophecy) is possible.
God uses this to accomplish His creating and exalting purposes.
Man plays with it like a toy, but he is starting to use it to predict weather and natural disasters.
This is essential to a true understanding of God’s Sovereignty, omniscience & omnipotence.
The resolution of God’s sovereignty vs. man’s free will.
I personally believe that Fc is a Force and not merely a Constant because I believe that classification better fits both what we know about it & what we know about nature. Hydrodynamics uses the EM Force to overcome gravity & make flight possible. What Force (other than it’s own) might Fc use to overcome gravity & the EM Force (as well as entropy and\or statistical probability) when influencing weather? In the absence of a sixth Force nature would act exactly as it would if Fc did not exist. If Fc were a Force it would explain a great deal about the apparent conflict between God’s sovereignty & man’s free will. Certainly we do not know enough about Fc currently, and more fundamental, basic research needs to be done in this field.
This slide is unfinished. I mailed out these equations. I will finish it ASAP after I am out.

62. AGAPE THE PURE LOVE OF GOD
God uses it to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man, to bring about man’s three-fold salvation and exaltation, (sanctification).
God uses this to accomplish His creating and exalting purposes.
The Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. of the Atonement.
Man uses it to share in God’s nature, to become one with Him.
Constant: =
Equation:
This slide is unfinished. I mailed out these equations. I will finish it ASAP after I am out.
(This Force is known by many other names including “Love”, “Faith”, “Love of God” “Light of Christ” & etc. ad infinitum & is often vaguely described.)
The pure love of God is a natural physical force as real as each of the other forces. It can be felt and observed, measured, empirically demonstrated through scientific experimentation which can be replicated. As electricity is conveyed or transmitted through current and can be converted into “work”, The pure love of God is conveyed or transmitted through sacrificial service and is always converted into good “work”. It has changed the world. It continues to do so. It has other fascinating similarities and differences with the EM force.
It’s intensity is also based on the “inverse square Law” but it is divided not by physical distance but by purity or by how accurately the frequency is harmonized.
Like electricity, it’s circuit must be complete & mediums have varying qualities of conductance. Unlike electricity it is subject to both resistance & enhancement. It is very important to remember in which direction This force flows. It is always DC, never AC. Because conductance varies & often diminishes at the rate of 𝒓² it is best to access this Force near its source. A typical circuit is: 𝑭𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓→𝑺𝒐𝒏→𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒚 𝑺𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒕→𝑯𝒖𝒔𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒅→𝑭𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅− 𝒐𝒓 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅→𝑭𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓. Sometimes the variable “Church” is inserted somewhere toward the end of the equation.
Just as electricity has many “Lesser included” laws such as resistance, capacitance etc.,
God’s love has many “Lesser included” laws such as chastity, (See slide #70) the Sabbath, etc. These laws are not different. All of God’s laws are real physical laws.
One is scrupulous when one responds to one’s scruples, and does not forcefully resist them. A scruple is a unit of mass equal to grams. This unit is used to measure the mass of conscience, both affirmatively and negatively. Stated another way, 1000 scruples exert Newton of force on the human mind per second. The Force that gives force or weight to our conscience is Agape.
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler
It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.

63. “Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock
“Who can learn anything new and not find it a shock?” John Wheeler It is helpful to regularly review even our most fundamental understandings in light of our most recent discoveries.
¹ There were six blind men who lived in a small remote village in India. One day the village wise man visited each of the blind men & gave them each the same opportunity. “An elephant will soon pass through our village. Find the elephant. Discover what an elephant is. Return to me and tell me what you have found.
The 1st blind man returned to report that an elephant is a cleansing refreshing shower. He testified: “I stood on dry land on the river bank on a hot sunny day. Cool waters sprayed down upon me from the ‘Elephant’. Elephants are wonderful! Every village should have one for cleansing refreshment.”
The 2nd blind man returned to report that an elephant is a spear wielded by a Giant. He testified: “An elephant is a long curved sharp spear. The Giant who carries it is very strong & tall. I grabbed the spear near the end when it was high above my head. I lifted myself off the ground and the giant did not seem to even notice all of my weight & effort! Elephants are wonderful! Every village should have one for a weapon!”
The 3rd blind man returned to report that an elephant is a refreshing fan wielded by a Giant. He testified: “It was a hot day without any wind. I stood near the elephant and felt a cool refreshing breeze from above me. Then another & another. Elephants are wonderful! Every village should have one for refreshment!”
The 4th blind man returned to report that an elephant is a unique wall. He testified: “The wall is higher than I can reach even when I jump & several arm spans in either direction, but it does not reach the ground! I crawled under it to the other side! If we had an elephant around our entire village no enemy could attack us! Elephants are wonderful! Every village should have one for protection!”
The 5th blind man returned to report that an elephant is a pillar. He testified:
“It’s diameter is greater than the tallest tree! It’s roots are as strong. I could not bend it! It is higher than I can reach even when I jump. It is a perfect cylinder. It is perfect for construction. It would hold any roof, wall, or gate! Elephants are wonderful! Every village should have one for solid constructions!”
The 6th blind man returned to report that an elephant is a rope badly frayed at the end. He testified: “Elephants stink! They are a rope hanging from the sky completely frayed at the end. Flies are attracted to their stench. Worst of all, quite frequently it would strike me & that stings! Elephants are terrible! No village should ever have one.”
Our discoveries of God are very much like this. Whatever our experiences have been, we know that they are true because we had them. They are our testimony. God can be a refreshing cleansing shower, a refreshing breeze, a spear against our enemies, a wall of protection, a pillar of strength, even a stinging reproach when we are constantly in the wrong place, at the wrong end of life missing the blessings only a few feet away! No mortal has fully discovered God. We should all be humble and attentive to the discoveries others have made of the Divine!
¹The original Buddhist parable is of eight blind men & an elephant. Two others found the elephant’s head & the unfrayed part of his tail. I do not know the other ¼ of this truth YET!!!

64. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY: THE AUTHORITY OF GOD’S MEMORY:
1 Sam. 2:3. “For the Lord is a God of knowledge, and by Him actions are weighed.”
1 Chr. 28:9. “For the Lord…understandeth all…”
Ps. 139:3. “Thou…art acquainted with all my ways.”
Ps. 147:5. “Great is our Lord, and of great power; His understanding is infinite.”
Prov. 15:3. “The eyes of the Lord are in every place, beholding the evil and the good.”
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

65. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY: THE AUTHORITY OF GOD’S MEMORY:
Isa. 66:18. “For I know their works and their thoughts…all nations and tongues.”
Matt. 10:29. God even knows when sparrows die.
John 16:30. “Now we are sure that thou knowest all things…”
Acts 15:18. “Known unto God are all his (mans) works from the beginning of the world.”
Rev. 2:2. & 3:1. “I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience…(and name).
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

66. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Ps. 25:7. “Remember not the sins of my youth, not my transgressions;”
Ps. 79:8. ”O remember not against us former iniquities;”
Isa. 43:18. ”Remember ye not the former things, neither consider the things of old.”
Isa. 43:25. ”I even I am he that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake, and will not remember thy sins.”
Isa. 54:4. ”Thow shalt forget the shame of thy youth, and shalt not remember the reproach of thy widowhood any more”
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

67. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Isa. 64:9. “O Lord, neither remember iniquity for ever;”
Isa. 65:13. “Therefore thus sayeth the Lord God, Behold…
Isa. 65:16. “…the former troubles are forgotten…
Isa. 65:17. “For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former things shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.”
Jer. 3:16. “…neither shall it come to mind; neither shall they remember it;”
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

68. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Jer. 31:34.”…saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sins no more.”
Jer. 14:10. “…He (God) will now remember their iniquity and visit their sins.”
Ezek. 23:27. Thou shalt not remember thy lewdness & whoredoms.
Hos. 7:2. “I (God) remember all their wickedness…”
Hos. 8:13. “Now will He (God) remember their iniquity, and visit their sins...”
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

69. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Hos. 9:9. He (God) will remember their iniquity, He will visit their sins.”
Romans. 3:25. “Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation¹ through faith…”
Romans. 4:3. “For what saith the scripture²? Abraham believed God, and it was counted unto him for righteousness.”
Romans 4:8. “Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.”
Alma 34: 10 & 14. An “Infinite & eternal atonement.”
¹This for that…Jesus for us…His righteousness for our wickedness…His suffering & death for ours…His righteous acts for our sinful acts… His quantum wave function per unit of time space for ours.
²What scripture? Did Paul & those of his day have scriptures that we no longer have?

70. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Romans. 4: “And being fully persuaded that, what He had promised, He was able also to perform. And therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was imputed to him; But for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believe on Him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead; who was delivered for our offenses, and raised again for our justification.”
¹This for that…Jesus for us…His righteousness for our wickedness…His suffering & death for ours…His righteous acts for our sinful acts… His quantum wave function per unit of time space for ours.
²What scripture? Did Paul & those of his day have scriptures that we no longer have?

71. THE SCRIPTUAL AUTHORITY
Heb. 8:12. “…and their sins and their iniquities will I (God) remember no more.”
Heb. 10:17. “…and their sins and iniquities will I (God) remember no more.”
2 Peter 3:13. “…we, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth Righteousness¹.
Rev. 18:5. “…God hath remembered her iniquities.”
Rev. 21:4-5. “…there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain; for the former things are passed away…Behold, I make all things new.”
¹Isa. 65:13. “Therefore thus sayeth the Lord God, Behold…
Isa. 65:16. “…the former troubles are forgotten…
Isa. 65:17. “For, behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; and the former things shall not be remembered, nor come into mind.”

72. DIMENSIONAL SYMMETRY
Imagine a universe where what was to ones right could change but what was to ones left could not change.
Imagine a universe where one could change the order of the empty chairs in front of you, but one could not change the order of the empty chairs behind you.
Imagine a universe where one could only move in one direction at one constant rate of speed in one dimension only, but in every other dimension one could move in any direction at any variable rate of speed. What a queer universe that would be?
WE DO NOT LIVE IN THAT UNIVERSE!
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”
Δ𝑺= 𝑸 𝑻 .
Where Δ = the amount of change, S = entropy, Q = Kelvin temperature, (ΔS can be measure in joules per kelvin. Q can be either positive or negative hence entropy can increase or decrease) & T = time in seconds.
In our common experience entropy is Uni-directional & therefore called “time’s arrow”. Things do not unburn or roll uphill. Entropy defines the direction of time. When entropy is reduced, life is present. When entropy is reduced retroactively, God’s Grace is present. This is more than mere forgiveness. Christians call this “Atonement”.

73. S.I. UNITS &SMALLER UNITS
Picture a cubic centimeter passing through time: 1cc/s. Now reduce the size of this unit to Bohr’s radius, the diameter of a single atom, per second. Further reduce it to a Fermi, the radius of an electron, per second. Further reduce it to Planks length per Plank’s epoch, (Plank’s Time).
¹Speaking of relative sizes, keep a medium apple, or better yet a baseball in mind. If one enlarged the baseball until it was about the size of the earth, an average Carbon-12 atom in that baseball would be about the size of a baseball. If one enlarged the now baseball sized atom again, until it was about 2 miles, (3.5km.) in diameter, the nucleus would be the size of a golf ball in the center and the electrons would be grains of sand, two miles away with nothing, that we know of, except the forces, in between.

74. PLANK’S LENGTH³/PLANK’S TIME
Now join these units with many others to fill our world. Fill these units with real life. Within these units we move & live, grow & die. We act & feel. We choose, desire & learn.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

75. Paul Dirac, Erwin Schrodinger & The Quantum electrodynamics, q. e. d
Paul Dirac, Erwin Schrodinger & The Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. Part I
Schrodinger’s equation¹ is: 𝝋= 𝝋 𝒙 𝟏 ,…, 𝒙ᴺ;𝒕 . This is called a quantum wave function, qwf. As we pass through time: 𝑬= 𝒊𝒉𝝏 𝝏𝒕 . We can now describe a single particle of mass (whose energy contribution through three dimensional space is: 𝑽=𝑽 𝒙,𝒚,𝒛 , moving through time, through external fields not at the level of cm³/s, but Plank’s Length: Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s. 𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
¹Schrödinger’s equation is for quantum atomic Φ what Newton’s 𝑭=𝑴∗𝑨. Is for classical Φ.
In one dimension through time:
− ħ 2 𝟐𝒎 𝜕 2 ψ 𝜕 𝒙 2 +𝑽 𝒙,𝒕 ψ= 𝒊ħ𝜕ψ 𝜕𝒕 .
Where ħ = h/2π, h = Planks Constant, ψ = wave function, V = external forces acting on the object, I = √-1, ∂ = rate of change, t = time, x² = space.
This also explains why atoms can absorb light only at specific wavelengths.
Instead of a miniature Solar system we actually have interacting probability waves.
𝑬=ħω= ħ 2 𝒌 2 𝟐𝒎 =𝑬₀.
ρΨ=ħ𝒌Ψ.
Where E = energy, ħ = Plank’s Constant /2π, k = wave vector, m = mass, ρ = mass density & Ψ = wave function

76. QUANTUM WAVE FUNCTIONS
Each of these qwfs can now become a single variable in a larger equation that can either describe our universe as a whole at one point in time/space or one larger part of it, (such as ourselves) traveling through time/space.
This slide is unfinished. I mailed out these equations. I will finish it ASAP after I am out.

77. Paul Dirac, Erwin Schrodinger & The Quantum electrodynamics, q. e. d
Paul Dirac, Erwin Schrodinger & The Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. Part I
Imagine light passing through a glass window pane. One can see the glass, through the glass, & the reflection of things on ones side of the glass. As photons come to the electrons in the glass some pass through, some bounce off and hit one in the eye, & some bounce more than once allowing on to see reflections. The equation is: 𝒆 𝟐 ℏ𝒄 . Where e is the electron charge, ℏ is Plank’s constant divided by 2π, and c is the speed of light.
“I am persuaded that the future is not as undetermined, and the past is not as determined as commonly thought. Ultimately, history is as God now remembers it to be. When we sincerely repent, God forgives us and completely forgets our sins. We, with God’s help, can repent and actually change our past. This in turn changes our present, and our future. Our future can be, but does not have to be. The one that God intents for us. We are always within God’s will. We may also do His will, being in His will; being as He wills, is optional.”

78. Schwinger, Feynman, Tomonaga, Dyson & The Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d. Part II
It is now easy to see, self-evident that beings only require the psycho-somatic ability to control the electric charge of the atoms in their body to determine whether or not they will be seen by others. This same ability also allows them to pass through what we think of as “solid” objects & to pass through space. Actually it is the same EM Force that we use to travel and to communicate. It is very useful to ponder the similarities & the differences in the technologies.
The Greek “Aortos” or “unseen” is how the Scriptures describe God & His heavenly kingdom, even using the analogy of a “Sea of glass”, the 1st Century physicist John could not have been more clear!

79. THERE IS A LAW IRREVOCABLE DECREED
THERE IS A LAW IRREVOCABLE DECREED. QUANTUM WAVE FUNCTIONS, QUANTUM ENTAGLEMENT & THE LAWS OF THREE KINGDOMS:
When our present quantum wave functions become entangled with the past & the future of the laws & quantum wave functions of a higher kingdom, whether Terrestrial or Celestial, it is because of the Atonement of Jesus Christ.
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur Clarke.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

80. Including virtually all of the Most respected Minds of all Humanity!¹
Abbas, Abelard, Abraham, Aquinas, Anselm, Brahms, Barclays, Benedict, Boniface, Bonaventura, Bunyan, Boethius, Buddha, Bede, Calvin, Columba, Constantine, Cyprian, Cyril, Catherines, Cajetan, Clements, Davids, Drake, Erasmus, Erigena, Euler, Fechner, Flew¹, Galen, Gray, Gödel, Guttenberg, Herschel, Hus, Hippocrates, Ignatius, Irenaeus, Jesus² John², Jung, Justin, Jerome, Kay, Kepler, Loyola, Lavoisier, Luther, Maury, Madison, Moses, Mendel, Methodius, Nanak, Orosius, Polycarp, Paul³ Patrick, Pelagius, Plato, Pythagoras, Peter, Quesnay, Rheticus, Rayleigh, Rousseau, Socrates, Solomon, Sholes, Stokes, Thales, Tyndale, Uthman, von Braun, Wycliffe, Xenocrates, Youngs, Zoroaster, …
¹The alternative list, most respected minds who do not believe in a Token God who intervenes would be a very very short list. Beyond this, placing many of their names on such a list would be a very epistemologically risky thing to do. Dawkins makes such a list in his book⁴: “The God Delusion”. Some of his examples are on my list. To put it mildly, we disagree.
Einstein was a deeply religious, spiritual man who specialized in knowing the Typical God. He helped to lead millions into Faith in Christ! (One can count the seeds in an apple. One cannot count the apples in a seed.) A lecture at UCLA by Einstein persuaded Floyd Weston & his four study partners into a search for God that led all five into faith in Jesus Christ & their: “17 points of the true Church” which in turn led Weston & Anderson into their Mission projects. I and millions of others are apples from the seeds which Einstein planted in the hearts of Weston & others that evening. Similar scenarios have occurred perhaps thousands of times & continue to occur after Einstein’s death. More recently converted through Einstein is the leading philosopher & former atheist Dr. Timothy Flew, who stated: “Einstein felt that there must be intelligence behind the integrated complexity of the physical world… If that is a sound argument, the integrated complexity of the organic world is just inordinately greater-all the creatures are complicated pieces of design. So an argument that is important about the physical world is immeasurable stronger when applied to the biological world. ” Dr. Anthony Flew, Mittelberg Op. cit. pg. 24. (Please see slides #34-59.)
For some examples not on my list:
“The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious…which stands at the cradle of true art and true science. He who knows it not and can no longer wonder, no longer feel amazement, is as good as dead, a snuffed-out candle… A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, of the manifestations of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which are only accessible to our reason in their most elementary forms-it is this knowledge…and in this sense alone, I am a deeply religious man… Enough for me the mystery of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvelous structure of reality, together with the single-hearted endeavor to comprehend a portion, be it ever so tiny, of the reason that manifests itself in nature.” A. Einstein quoted by Coyne op, cit. pgs
“(The universe is)…The Old man’s symphony of infinite harmony and fidelity, and a clever invention.” Einstein, on the “typical” God.
It is as unfair to say that Einstein rejected a Token God as to say Ed Gillespie rejected a Typical God or that I rejected the “West Coast Defense” in U.S. Football. I know nothing about it!
What can one say in an epistemologically responsible way when one of Christianity's most effective apologists/evangelists is touted as a best example of an atheist?
Jefferson was so impressed by Newton’s discoveries that he suspected that the Token God had arraigned things so perfectly that He no longer needed to intervene (See slides 8-9). (He certainly believed that “All men are created equal and have been endowed by their Creator with certain…” Emphasis added.)
“And can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only form basis, a conviction in the minds of the people that these liberties are of the gift of God? That they are not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God id just; that His justice cannot sleep forever” (Thomas Jefferson-Idaho Statesman July 4, 2013.)
When the Token God last intervened is a very finely nuanced question of high theology for every “Token” theologian. Does the efficacy of prayers prove that God is intervening as I argue or might it be that God as already set up the “Data Base” that we access and He is no longer active in that process? Either way The Token God hears and answers prayers. Might Fasting, prayer & repentance bring healing as naturally as penicillin & anti-inflammatories, as Hippocrates believed? Either way Faith in God heals. Taking an extreme position on this continuum actually has very little practical theological significance, if any at all. The distinction is not about whether God intervenes, but how often, when, or how recently. We can even speculate about when God intervened Vs. When we received His gift (Grace). When I receive a book as a gift from my wife, she just intervened. Does it matter if she bought the book yesterday or pre-ordered it a year ago? It is even less than the difference between obeying the “Token” God, (Gillespie) or the “Typical” God, (Einstein), a distinction without a difference with accurate knowledge of God’s laws. Perhaps doing both, (Newton), is best.
Jefferson collected fossils & was deeply disturbed by the concept of extinction. It troubled him that God would allow any of His Creation, (any creatures) to be totally & permanently removed from His Creation. Jefferson hoped that further exploration would discover the present habitat of the dinosaurs.
Schopenhauer stated: “To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.”
Others who might be on such a list, like Edison, was the victim of horrific childhood abuse from his father. Avoiding an intimate relationship with an infinitely more powerful Heavenly Father seems self-evidently prudent, (even if small sample error) or at least emotionally understandable. This is precisely why Christians are not to judge others.
Typically both sides cherry pick quotations, often out of context to support their point. In truth, “There are only two kinds of people in this world: People who think there are only two kinds of people, and people who realize that reality is more complex and nuanced than that.” One of many factors that complicates matters is ambiguous or differing terminology. One can reject some facets of some doctrines of some denominations of Christianity as one now understands them without rejecting the idea of A Token God who intervenes. Personal prayer & any one specific denominational creed are very different things. Most of the disagreements between Dr. Dawkins & I about who should be on which list are simply the result of us using two different sets or definitions.
⁴Any such list should begin with Democritus. Dawkins includes: Jefferson, Franklin, Who made an official Motion to open each day of the Constitutional Convention with prayer, and famously stated that “beer is proof that God loves us.” And, “I’ve lived, sir, a long time, and the longer I live, the more convincing proofs I see of this truth: That God governs in the affairs of men. If a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is it probable that an empire can rise without His aid? We've been assured in the sacred writings that unless the Lord builds the house, they labour in vain who build it. I firmly believe this, and I also believe that without His concurring aid, we shall succeed in this political building no better tan the builders of Babel.”
Madison & Adams,(both Christians who contrasted themselves in political campaigns with the “Deists” like Jefferson) Nehru, Nietzsche, Huxley, Freud, Russell, Darwin, (who wrote “There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator…” ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION 1859, 2ND -6TH & final editions) Einstein, Watson & Crick. Peter Kreeft has much better lists in Christian Apologetics. (Did not embrace Christianity: Ayer, Camus, Celsus, Comte, Darwin, Franklin, Freud, Goethe, Hobbs, Jefferson, La Mettrie, Machiavelli, Marx, Melville, Nietzsche, Pain, Plotinus, Rousseau, Renan, Russell, Shaw, Skinner, Sartre, Voltaire, & the ACLU (I personally doubt that there are no Christians in the ACLU. Perhaps he was joking.) Op cit. pgs. 41, 157, (In rejecting a God who intervenes he adds Epicurus, & Lucretius.)
My list of atheists does not include Deists like Darwin & Jefferson, nor “typical God” specialists like Einstein, nor agnostics as many epistemologically responsible scientists today are. Currently it includes: Ayer, Camus, Celsus, Comte, Crick, Democritus, Dawkins, d’Holbach, Dennett, Diderot, Epicurus, Freud, Feuerbach, Goethe, Hitchens, Harris, Hawking (In his later years), Lucretius, La Mettrie, Machiavelli, Marx, Melville, Nehru, Nielsen, Nietzsche, Paine, Penrose, Plotinus, Rousseau, Renan, Russell, Shaw, Skinner, Sartre, Voltaire, Watson, & Weinberg.
Dawkins cites a 1998 study in “Nature” indicating that only about 7% of scientists elected to the National Academy of Sciences believe in a personal God, while only 40% of “American scientists” generally believe in a personal God. This begs the question of why. According to the National Academy of Sciences, 2006, “Whether God exists or not is a question about which science is neutral.” Stenger op. cit. at pg As this presentation has made clear, science is certainly not neutral on the question of God’s existence. The National Academy is neutral on this question and the reasons for denying God’s existence has absolutely nothing to do with science.
Dawkins seems to consider Deists and/or agnostics, like Darwin & Jefferson on “his side” rather than on the fence. He also seems to think that Darwin specifically or truth discovered 1850 generally, disprove a personal God. (In truth the opposite is true. Scientific discoveries 1864 generally, & more so 1905 have proven all of the truth claims of atheism, an ancient religion, to be demonstrably false, (A “Steady State” eternal Universe, “Atoms & nothing”, randomness, etc.) & have proven many of the truth claims of Christianity to be demonstrably true, (This entire presentation is just the tip of the iceberg! There was a “Sudden Creation”. There are Laws, Constants & Forces. In sum, there is a God who intervenes!). Science has revealed a modern, reasonable, evidence based world view. It is not pagan atheistic secular humanism. It is Christianity.) Darwin's own words are Deistic or agnostic, not atheistic.
A Cambridge ministerial student named Charles Darwin who “remarked that he could have written out the whole of Paley’s 1794 treatise, A View of the Evidences of Christianity, and that Natural Theology ‘gave me as much delight as did Euclid’.” Stenger Op. cit. at pg. 49.
A 2007 survey by Baylor University of religious beliefs in the U.S. found that only 4% of respondents self identify as atheists. This seems consistent with anecdotal findings such as: The mass media hyped Dawkin’s The God Delusion, and it became a best seller, selling nearly a million copies. Without mass media support Warren’s The Purpose Driven Life, sold nearly 30 million copies. Atheism had 3% of the sales. McGrath, Op. Cit. pg. 41.
“Also interesting is that a good number of Nobel laureates believe in God. Although atheism has good public relations, it is far from the overwhelming rule for scientists today.” Dr. Parker op. cit. pg. 193.
Comparing Dawkin’s “Expert testimony” argument with mine is like comparing studies on Baseball’s “Designated Hitter Rule” or Football’s “Overtime Rule” or “Instant Replay Rule,” where one compares this season’s college “All Stars” opinions to the opinions of every player ever inducted into the NLB or NFL professional Hall of Fame!
Atheism or Paganism, (Monotheistic Egotheism, polytheistic (Socialism, NFLism, Sportism, etc. or pantheistic secular humanism) is sadly (pathetically) currently a popular fad in some western academic circles. Statistics from Western Europe & North America skew heavily toward agnosticism This is not in any way comparable to the overwhelming mountain of testimony from virtually all of the greatest minds in every discipline in every culture in every century throughout the entire history of humanity! Atheism is not a new idea. It is at least as old as Democritus.
One might be able to come up with 40 atheists who are respected by most of humanity. I have listed over two thousand theists, the most respected minds of all humanity, who believe in a God who intervenes. That is less than 2% as many! 4% represents less than half of the number of survey respondents who report gender confusion or disorientation. When 4% of the population reports an emotional/mental/moral condition that prevents them from perceiving reality it would be listed and treatments discussed in the DIAGONOSTIC STATISTICAL MANUEL, (DSM IV-R) of Psychiatric disorders, except “political correctness” prohibits this. (I have no doubt that a small fraction of humans cannot “see” God for reasons beyond their control just as some cannot see colors. For others it is a moral/ethical matter.)
Typically, one could add Bill Maher to his list, Dr. Bill Cosby to mine; one tells jokes, one is a joke. Please see notes for slide #65.
I’m not sure that entertainers: Actors, Singers, Sports Celebrities, constitute “most respected minds”, many are admired, but in these fields also, both today & throughout all history, in every Country, the vast majority believe in a God who intervenes.
On a more positive note many of these people may simply be following the example of Einstein, specializing in knowing the Typical God, in which case we are brothers in the faith!
²Not to mention His other Faithful 10 Apostles & etc. John Chrysostom, Damascene, & The Evangelist.
The Journal Science reports a study by Dr. Miller of Michigan State University that a growing number of Americans do not believe in the theory of Evolution (presumably from a Theistic world view). (Paulos: IRRELIGION, 2008, pg. 15.)
³ His entire Heb. 11 list.
**These individuals also believe that Jesus is The Token & Typical God.
*These individuals believe Yahweh (The God of Abraham) is The Token & Typical God.
THE CENTURIANS WHO STOOD AT THE GATE OF EACH CENTURY:
Buddha: B.C.E. Indian Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Founder of Buddhism.
Thales of Miletus: B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
Antiochus: B.C.E. Seleucid king of Syria.
Euclid: 3??-2?? B.C.E. Greek Mathematician.
Socrates of Athens: B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
**Ignatius of Antioch: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Jesus of Nazareth: 2 B.C.E God. Savior & Redeemer of the world. Invented cure for sin & death.
Antiochus: ?-68 B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
**Jerome, Eusebius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Catherine of Alexandria: ?-307. philosopher, theologian, Mathematician & Martyr.
**Clement of Alexandria: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. And/or **Tertullian: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & author.
**Augustine of Canterbury: ?-604. Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Boethius, Anicius: Roman Scholastic philosopher & theologian. And/or **Clovis I: Merovingian king of the Franks. Educator Statesman & reformer.
*Tabari, Mohammed: Scholastic philosopher, educator, Islamic theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Paschal I ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian, clergyman & Pope.
**John of Damascus: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
*Maimondes: Jewish Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & Physician.
**Abelard, Peter: A father of epistemology. Author of “Si et non” (Yes & no) & significant writings on the trinity. Founder of the school “The Paraclete” (The Holy Spirit-confirmer of truth).
** Aelfric of Abbas: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. And/or ** Stephen: King, Statesman & theologian. Father of Hungary. “Apostolic king”.
**da Vinci, Leonardo: : Scientist, multi-medium artist, inventor.
**William of Wykeham: Statesman & clergyman.
**William of Ockham: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. A father of epistemology. Author of “Ockham’s razor” “ON THE TRINITY”, “Needlessly duplicating complexity.”
**Newton, Isaac: Physicist, Scholastic Philosopher, Mathematician, statesman, eschatologist & theologian. Except for Jesus Christ he was the greatest mind & the greatest man who ever lived.
**Galileo, Galilei: Physicist.
**William of Northridge: Scholastic Theologian, Author, Educator, Martyr & Clergyman: Eschatologist, Apologist, Ecumenist. Jurist. Physicist & Mathematician: Field & String, Set & Branch Theoretician & Experimentalist.
(Einstein, Albert: , is not on my list)
**Faraday, Michael: Physicist & Chemist.
*Abbas, Ferhat: Islamic Algerian Islamic leader, scholar & Chemist.
*Abbas I: A great Islamic leader of Persia.
*Abbas of Baghdad: C.E. A chief apostle of Islam.
Anaximander of Miletus: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
*Abraham: @ 1900 B.C.E. A father of monotheism.
**Abelard, Peter: A father of epistemology. Author of “Si et non” (Yes & no) & significant writings on the trinity. Founder of the school “The Paraclete” (The Holy Spirit-confirmer of truth).
Amphos: _______. Greek philosopher & historian.
Archimedes of Syracuse: B.C.E. Greek mathematician, scientist & inventor.
**Aquinas, Thomas: Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Author of “SUMMA THEOLOGIAE”.
**Anselm of Aosta: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
Aristotle of Stagira: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Arminius, Jacobus: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
Anaximenes: @500 B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Barclay, Alexander: Poet & writer.
**Barclay, Robert: Banker.
**Barclay, Robert: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Barclay, John: satirical religious-political writer.
**Benedict of Nursia: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Barclay, William: Theologian, writer & broadcaster.
**Bede: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, author& clergyman.
**Boniface: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Bonaventure, Giovanni: Theologian.
**Boethius, Anicius: Roman Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Bunyan, John: Author of “PILGRIM’S PROGRESS”.
**Brahms, Johannes: Classical Composer & Musician.
**Catherine II: Tsaritsa of Russia. The Great.
**Catherine I: Tsaritsa of Russia.
**Calvin, John: Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Founder of Calvinism.
**Catherine of Aragon: Queen of England.
**Catherine de’ Medici: Queen of France.
**Catherine of Valois: Queen of England.
**Catherine of Siena: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Catherine of Braganza: Wife of King of England.
**Cyprian, Thascius: Scholastic philosopher, author, theologian & clergyman.
**Constantine, Flavius: Emperor & Statesman.
**Cajetan, Thomas: Clergyman & theologian.
**Clement V: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Clement of Rome: @100. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Cyril: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Clement of Alexandria: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Clement VII: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**David I: King of Scots.
*David: @950 B.C.E. King of Israel, Biblical Scribe, poet, song writer.
**Columba: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**David of Meniva: ?-601. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Drake, Francis: Explorer.
**David II: King of Scots.
**Euler, Leonhard: Mathematician.
**Erigena, John: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Erasmus, Desiderius, Erasmus of Rotterdam: Scholastic philosopher, scholar, author theologian & clergyman. Complied 1st & many editions of the Greek New Testament. “Praise of folly.”
**Flew, Tim: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Fechner, Gustav: Scholastic philosopher, physicist & psychologist.
**Gödel, Kurt: Logician & Mathematician.
**Gray, Elisha: Inventor of Telegraph, etc.
Galen, Claudius: Greek Physician.
Hippocrates of Cos: B.C.E. Greek physician.
**Herschel, William: Astronomer.
**Guttenberg, Johannes: Inventor of movable type printing press in order to publish The Bible.
**Hus, John: Scholastic Theologian, Author, Educator, Martyr & Clergyman
**Irenaeus: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John the Evangelist: @ 50. Apostle. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Capistrano: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Beverley: ?-721. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John the Chrysostom: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Nepomuk: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Leyden: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Trevisa: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of the Cross: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Salisbury: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Justin the Martyr: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, martyr & clergyman.
Jung, Carl: Psychiatrist.
**John the Baptist: @25. Jewish Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman & Baptizer.
**Kepler, Johannes: Astronomer, Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Kay, John: Inventor of woollen mill machinery.
**Luther, Martin: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Lavoisier, Antoine: Chemist.
**Loyola, Ignatius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Mendel, Gregor: Biologist & Botanist.
*Moses: @ 1250 B.C.E. Egyptian Prince, Father of Israel. Scribe for much of the O.T. General. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Maury, Matthew: hydrographer.
**Orosius, Paulus: @450. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
*Nanak, Guru of Lahore: Indian Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Founder of Sikhism.
**Methodius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Patrick: ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Paul, of Tarsus: Apostle. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Scribe for 14 books in the N.T.
Plato, Ariston of Athens: B.C.E. Greek Scholastic philosopher & scientist.
**Pelagius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & Author.
**Polycarp: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, martyr & clergyman.
**Quesnay, Francois: Physician & Economist.
**Peter, son of Jona: @50. Apostle. Scribe for 2 books in N.T. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. (I will not include the other 10 faithful apostles. This will help to compensate for some unintended redundancy.
Pythagoras of Samos: @ 550 B.C.E. Greek Scholastic philosopher, Mathematician & scientist.
**Rousseau, Jean: Scholastic philosopher. Author of “THE SOCIAL CONTRACT. Etc.
**Rayleigh, Robert: Physicist.
**Rheticus, Georg: Astronomer & Mathematician.
**Stokes, George: Physicist & Mathematician.
**Sholes, Christopher: Inventor of the typewriter, etc.
*Solomon: @ 925 B.C.E. King of Israel, Biblical Scribe, poet, song writer.
*Uthman or Osman: ? Muslim Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Tyndale, William: ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian , martyr & clergyman. Translator of the Bible.
**Vanderbilt, Cornelius: Transportation Industrialist. Founded University.
**von Braun, Vernher: Physicist, rocket pioneer.
**Vladimir: Russian Statesman.
- 236 all of the other Buddhist Dali Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
- 220 ** All of the other Archbishops of Canterbury: @108 Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
**Vanderbilt, Gloria: Artist, author, actress, designer.
-1082 ** All of the other 289 Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
-792 All of the other Hindu Hindu Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
* all of the other Muslim Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
**Xavier, Francis: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Wycliffe, John: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Biblical Translator.
** Waldo, Peter: @ Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. (Where’s Waldo?)
**Zacharias of San Severino: ?-752. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
*Yadin, Yigael: Israeli archeologist &General.
Xenophon of Attica: B.C.E. Greek historian, writer, & philosopher.
THE CAMBRIDGE BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, C.U.P

81. Including virtually all of the Most respected Minds of all Humanity!¹
(All of the Bishops, Buddhist Dali Lamas, Caliphs, Hindu Sages & Popes) Anaximander, Archimedes, Amphos, Augustine, Anaximenes, Aristotle, Arminius, Bohr, Clausius, Dante, Eudoxos, Franklins, Galvani, Humboldt, Iqbal, Jaspers, Kelvin, Lewis, Milton, Nierenberg , Orm, Paganini, Quincy, Robinson, Seitz, Singer, Simon, Smyth, Simons, Teller, Thomsons, Udine, Vancouver, Vanderbilts, Vladimir, Watts, Wigner, Williams, Websters, Waldo, Xerxes, Xenophanes, Xavier, Xenophon, Yersin, Yongle, Yadin, Yales, Zazerski, Zacharias, Zeiss, Zemlinsky, Zworykin…
*These individuals believe Yahweh (The God of Abraham) is The Token & Typical God.
**These individuals also believe that Jesus is The Token & Typical God.
THE CENTURIANS WHO STOOD AT THE GATE OF EACH CENTURY:
Buddha: B.C.E. Indian Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Founder of Buddhism.
Thales of Miletus: B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
Socrates of Athens: B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
Euclid: 3??-2?? B.C.E. Greek Mathematician.
**Jesus of Nazareth: 2 B.C.E God. Savior & Redeemer of the world. Invented cure for sin & death.
Antiochus: ?-68 B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
Antiochus: B.C.E. Seleucid king of Syria.
**Ignatius of Antioch: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Jerome, Eusebius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Catherine of Alexandria: ?-307. philosopher, theologian, Mathematician & Martyr.
**Clement of Alexandria: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. And/or **Tertullian: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & author.
**Augustine of Canterbury: ?-604. Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Boethius, Anicius: Roman Scholastic philosopher & theologian. And/or **Clovis I: Merovingian king of the Franks. Educator Statesman & reformer.
*Tabari, Mohammed: Scholastic philosopher, educator, Islamic theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Paschal I ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian, clergyman & Pope.
**John of Damascus: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
** Aelfric of Abbas: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. And/or ** Stephen: King, Statesman & theologian. Father of Hungary. “Apostolic king”.
**William of Ockham: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. A father of epistemology. Author of “Ockham’s razor” “ON THE TRINITY”, “Needlessly duplicating complexity.”
*Maimondes: Jewish Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & Physician.
**Abelard, Peter: A father of epistemology. Author of “Si et non” (Yes & no) & significant writings on the trinity. Founder of the school “The Paraclete” (The Holy Spirit-confirmer of truth).
**da Vinci, Leonardo: : Scientist, multi-medium artist, inventor.
**William of Wykeham: Statesman & clergyman.
**Faraday, Michael: Physicist & Chemist.
**Newton, Isaac: Physicist, Scholastic Philosopher, Mathematician, statesman, eschatologist & theologian. Except for Jesus Christ he was the greatest mind & the greatest man who ever lived.
**Galileo, Galilei: Physicist.
**William of Northridge: Scholastic Theologian, Author, Educator, Martyr & Clergyman: Eschatologist, Apologist, Ecumenist. Jurist. Physicist & Mathematician: Field & String, Set & Branch Theoretician & Experimentalist.
(Einstein, Albert: , is not on my list)
*Abbas, Ferhat: Islamic Algerian Islamic leader, scholar & Chemist.
*Abbas I: A great Islamic leader of Persia.
*Abbas of Baghdad: C.E. A chief apostle of Islam.
*Abraham: @ 1900 B.C.E. A father of monotheism.
**Abelard, Peter: A father of epistemology. Author of “Si et non” (Yes & no) & significant writings on the trinity. Founder of the school “The Paraclete” (The Holy Spirit-confirmer of truth).
Amphos: _______. Greek philosopher & historian.
Archimedes of Syracuse: B.C.E. Greek mathematician, scientist & inventor.
Anaximander of Miletus: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Aquinas, Thomas: Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Author of “SUMMA THEOLOGIAE”.
**Anselm of Aosta: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Arminius, Jacobus: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
Anaximenes: @500 B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
Aristotle of Stagira: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Barclay, Alexander: Poet & writer.
**Barclay, Robert: Banker.
**Barclay, Robert: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Barclay, John: satirical religious-political writer.
**Benedict of Nursia: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Barclay, William: Theologian, writer & broadcaster.
**Bede: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, author& clergyman.
**Boniface: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Bonaventure, Giovanni: Theologian.
**Boethius, Anicius: Roman Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Brahms, Johannes: Classical Composer & Musician.
**Catherine I: Tsaritsa of Russia.
**Calvin, John: Scholastic philosopher & theologian. Founder of Calvinism.
**Bunyan, John: Author of “PILGRIM’S PROGRESS”.
**Catherine II: Tsaritsa of Russia. The Great.
**Catherine of Braganza: Wife of King of England.
**Catherine of Aragon: Queen of England.
**Catherine de’ Medici: Queen of France.
**Catherine of Valois: Queen of England.
**Catherine of Siena: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Cyprian, Thascius: Scholastic philosopher, author, theologian & clergyman.
**Constantine, Flavius: Emperor & Statesman.
**Cajetan, Thomas: Clergyman & theologian.
**Clement of Rome: @100. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Cyril: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Clement of Alexandria: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Clement VII: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Clement V: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
*David: @950 B.C.E. King of Israel, Biblical Scribe, poet, song writer.
**Columba: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Drake, Francis: Explorer.
**David II: King of Scots.
**David I: King of Scots.
**David of Meniva: ?-601. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Euler, Leonhard: Mathematician.
**Erigena, John: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Erasmus, Desiderius, Erasmus of Rotterdam: Scholastic philosopher, scholar, author theologian & clergyman. Complied 1st & many editions of the Greek New Testament. “Praise of folly.”
**Flew, Tim: Scholastic philosopher & theologian.
**Fechner, Gustav: Scholastic philosopher, physicist & psychologist.
**Gödel, Kurt: Logician & Mathematician.
**Gray, Elisha: Inventor of Telegraph, etc.
Galen, Claudius: Greek Physician.
**Guttenberg, Johannes: Inventor of movable type printing press in order to publish The Bible.
**Hus, John: Scholastic Theologian, Author, Educator, Martyr & Clergyman
Hippocrates of Cos: B.C.E. Greek physician.
**Herschel, William: Astronomer.
**Irenaeus: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John the Chrysostom: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John the Evangelist: @ 50. Apostle. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Capistrano: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Beverley: ?-721. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Nepomuk: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Leyden: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Trevisa: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of the Cross: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**John of Salisbury: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Justin the Martyr: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, martyr & clergyman.
Jung, Carl: Psychiatrist.
**John the Baptist: @25. Jewish Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman & Baptizer.
**Kepler, Johannes: Astronomer, Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Kay, John: Inventor of woollen mill machinery.
**Loyola, Ignatius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Lavoisier, Antoine: Chemist.
*Moses: @ 1250 B.C.E. Egyptian Prince, Father of Israel. Scribe for much of the O.T. General. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Maury, Matthew: hydrographer.
**Luther, Martin: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Methodius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
**Mendel, Gregor: Biologist & Botanist.
**Orosius, Paulus: @450. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**William Nierenberg: Physicist.
*Nanak, Guru of Lahore: Indian Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Founder of Sikhism.
**Paul, of Tarsus: Apostle. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Scribe for 14 books in the N.T.
**Pelagius: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & Author.
**Polycarp: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, martyr & clergyman.
**Patrick: ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian, missionary & clergyman.
Pythagoras of Samos: @ 550 B.C.E. Greek Scholastic philosopher, Mathematician & scientist.
Plato, Ariston of Athens: B.C.E. Greek Scholastic philosopher & scientist.
**Rheticus, Georg: Astronomer & Mathematician.
**Quesnay, Francois: Physician & Economist.
**Peter, son of Jona: @50. Apostle. Scribe for 2 books in N.T. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. (I will not include the other 10 faithful apostles. This will help to compensate for some unintended redundancy.
**Rayleigh, Robert: Physicist.
**Frederick Seitz: Physicist.
**Rousseau, Jean: Scholastic philosopher. Author of “THE SOCIAL CONTRACT. Etc.
**Arthur Robinson: Molecular biologist: Discovered & experimentally verified cure for neoplastic disease (Cancer)
**S. Frederick Singer: Physicist.
**Sholes, Christopher: Inventor of the typewriter, etc.
*Solomon: @ 925 B.C.E. King of Israel, Biblical Scribe, poet, song writer.
**Edward Teller: ? Physicist.
**Stokes, George: Physicist & Mathematician.
*Uthman or Osman: ? Muslim Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Tyndale, William: ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian , martyr & clergyman. Translator of the Bible.
**Vanderbilt, Cornelius: Transportation Industrialist. Founded University.
**von Braun, Vernher: Physicist, rocket pioneer.
**Vladimir: Russian Statesman.
- 225 ** All of the other Archbishops of Canterbury: @108 Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
**Vanderbilt, Gloria: Artist, author, actress, designer.
-800 All of the other Hindu Hindu Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
* all of the other Muslim Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
- 241 all of the other Buddhist Dali Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
** Waldo, Peter: @ Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. (Where’s Waldo?)
-1089 ** All of the other 289 Scholastic philosophers, theologians & clergymen.
Xenophon of Attica: B.C.E. Greek historian, writer, & philosopher.
**Xavier, Francis: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Wycliffe, John: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Biblical Translator.
**Zacharias of San Severino: ?-752. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
*Yadin, Yigael: Israeli archeologist &General.
THE CAMBRIDGE BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, C.U.P

82. Including virtually all of the Most respected Minds of all Humanity!
Abel, Adams*, Ampe`re, Am tem, Athanasius, Avogadro, Bacon, Berkeley, Bragg, Bernoulli, Blackstone, Brewster, Boyle, Chiefs Joseph & Seattle, Coulomb, Copernicus, Cicero, Cooke, Cuvier, Descartes, da Vinci, Dukes de Broglie, Euclid, Fahrenheit, Flemings, Fabriano, Faberge, Fry, Fulton, Fox, Ford, Gama, Gandhi, Gauss, Koch, Hobbs, Hooke, Harvard, Hudson Heisenberg, Huygens, Innocents, Jastrow, Joule, Kant, Kierkegaard, Leibniz, Linnaeus, Locke, Mandela, Maimondes, Michelangelo, Mill, Marcel, Mores, Newman, Nostradamus, Newton, Osmund, Priestley, Pasteur, Pascal, Paley¹, Rubens, Qianlong, Stanfords, Simpson, Sydenham, Shakespeare…
*Adams: John, John Quincy, Samuel, Abigail Adams et. al.
Every Pharaoh, British & European Monarch & Prime Minister, U.S. President, (With the possible exception (see # 93) of Jefferson) & Indigenous Chief.
“Before any man can be considered as a member of civil society, he must be considered as a subject of the Governor of the Universe.” James Madison.
“We have no government armed with power capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality and religion. Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other” John Adams.
“Is it not that in the chain of human events, the birthday of the nation is indissoluble linked wit the birthday of the Savior?- That it forms a leading event in the progress of the Gospel dispensation? Is it not that the Declaration of Independence first organized the social compact on the foundation of the Redeemer’s mission upon earth? – That it laid the cornerstone of human government upon the first precepts of Christianity?” John Quincy Adams.
Flemings, Alexander, John, John, et. al.
Williams of Occam & etc. & various Kings etc.
**These individuals also believe that Jesus is The Token & Typical God.
*These individuals believe Yahweh (The God of Abraham) is The Token & Typical God.
¹See note #2 on page #62.
-1195: Every other 100
-1695: **Every other U.S. President, (With the possible exception of
-1655: **Every other British Prime 60.
-1595: **Every other British & European 400.
**Abel, Karl: Composer & Musician.
**Abel, John: Biochemist 1st professor of pharmacology at John Hopkins University.
**Adams, John: U.S. President & Statesman.
**Adams, Abigail: U.S, 1st Lady.
**Abel, Niels: Mathematician.
**Adams, John: Nuclear Physicist. Founding member of CERN.
**Adams, Louisa: U.S, 1st Lady.
**Adams, John: U.S. President & Statesman.
**Adams, John: Astronomer.
**Adams, Walter: Astronomer.
**Adams, Samuel: U.S. Revolutionary Statesman.
**Ampe`re: Mathematician & physicist.
**Adams, William: Railroad parts (cars, track connectors etc.) inventor.
**Adams, William: Navigator.
**Avogadro: Physicist.
Am tem: ____ Greek philosopher & historian.
**Bohr, Niels: Physicist. God is the essential observer in the Copenhagen school of quantum physics.
**Bacon, Francis: Scholastic philosopher, statesman & theologian.
**Athanasius Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
**Bragg, William: Physicist.
** Berkeley, George: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
** Bernoulli, Jacob: Physicist & Mathematician.
** Bernoulli, Daniel: Physicist & Mathematician.
**Bragg, William: Physicist.
** Bernoulli, Johann: Physicist & Mathematician.
**Boyle, Robert: Chemist & Physicist.
**Brewster, David: Physicist, Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
** Blackstone, William: Jurist.
& ?Seattle: ?
?Chiefs Joseph: ?
**Copernicus: Physicist, Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman. Father of Astronomy.
**Coulomb, : Physicist.
**Clausius, Rudolph: Physicist.
Cicero: Roman Scholar & Statesman. Early advocate or the Argument from design.
**Dante: Author.
**Cuvier: Anatomist.
**Cooke, James: Explorer.
**da Vinci: : Scientist, multi-medium artist, inventor.
**Descartes: Scholastic Philosopher & Mathematician.
Euclid: 3??-2?? B.C.E. Greek Mathematician.
**Duke de Broglie: Physicist.
**Duke de Broglie: Physicist.
Eudoxos: B.C.E. Greek Geometer & Astronomer.
**Fleming: Geophysicist.
**Fleming, Alexander: Medical Bacteriologist. Discovered penicillin.
**Fahrenheit: Physicist.
**Fleming: Medical biologist.
**Fleming: Physicist.
**Fulton: Inventor of the steamboat & etc.
**Faberge: Artistic jeweler.
**Fabriano: Artist.
** Fox, George: Scholastic philosopher, educator, martyr, missionary, theologian & clergyman. Founded the Society of Friends (Quakers).
**Ford, Henry: Automobile engineer & industrialist.
Gandhi: “Mahatma: The Great soul.” Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman. Father of India.
**Gama: Navigator. Explorer.
**Fry, Elizabeth: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, author, statesman & clergywoman.
** Koch: Bacteriologist.
**Gauss: Mathematician.
**Harvard: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman. Father of Harvard University.
**Hooke: Physicist & Chemist.
**Hobbs: Philosopher.
**Hudson: ? Explorer.
**Innocent: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
**Huygens: Physicist & Astronomer.
**Heisenberg: Physicist. God is the essential observer in the Copenhagen school of quantum physics.
**Joule: Physicist.
**Jastrow, Robert: Physicist.
**Leibniz: Physicist, Philosopher, & Mathematician.
**Kant, Immanuel: Scholastic philosopher, & educator.
**Kierkegaard: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**Linnaeus:
**Michelangelo: Multi-media artist.
*Maimondes: Jewish Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & Physician.
**Locke, John: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & Physician.
**Marcel: Scholastic philosopher & playwright.
**Mill, John: Scholastic philosopher, educator & statesman.
**More: Playwright, religious writer and reformer. She formed the religious tract society.
**More: Portrait painter.
**Mandela, Nelson: African nationalist & spiritual leader.
**More: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**Nostradamus, Michael of Notredame: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Clergyman & physician.
**Newman, John: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**More: Scholastic philosopher, statesman, & theologian.
**Osmund: ? Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, author, statesman & clergyman.
**Newton, Isaac: Physicist, Scholastic Philosopher, Mathematician, statesman, eschatologist & theologian. Except for Jesus Christ he was the greatest mind & the greatest man who ever lived.
**Pasteur, Louis: Chemist & microbiologist.
**Paley, William: Scholastic philosopher, Natural scientist, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Pascal: Physicist, Philosopher, Mathematician & theologian.
Qianlong: Emperor of Manchurian dynasty.
**Priestley, Joseph: Chemist & clergyman.
**Stanford, Leland: Industrialist. Founder of Stanford University.
**Stanford, Charles: Composer.
**Rubens: Painter.
**Shakespeare, William: Playwright.
**Simpson: Mathematician.
**Simons, Menno: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, author, & clergyman. (Separation of church & state. Mennonites.)
** Smyth, John: @ Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
Theologian. philosopher & Physician.
**Sydenham: Physician.
**Thomson: Fur Trader.
**Thomson: Zoologist & classical scholar.
**Thomson: Scientist.
**Thomson: Archeologist.
**Thomson: Solder & Inventor.
**Thomson: Physicist.
**Thomson: Electrical Inventor.
**Thomson: Marine Biologist.
**Thomson: Explorer.
**Watt: Inventor.
**Udine: Painter & Architect.
**Thomson: Physicist.
**Vancouver, George: Explorer.
**Watts, Isaac: Scholastic philosopher, educator, hymn writer, theologian & clergyman.
**William of Waynflete: Statesman & clergyman.
**William of Tyre: Historian & clergyman.
**Wigner: Physicist.
**William of Wykeham: Statesman & clergyman.
**William of Malmesbury: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**William of Auxerre: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**William of Normandy: st Norman King of England.
**William of Ockham: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. A father of epistemology. Author of “Ockham’s razor” “ON THE TRINITY”, “Needlessly duplicating complexity.”
**William of Auvergne: Scholastic philosopher, educator, & theologian.
**Williams: Missionary.
**Williams: Founder of YMCA.
**William of Northridge: Scholastic Theologian, Author, Educator, Martyr & Clergyman: Eschatologist, Apologist, Ecumenist. Jurist. Physicist & Mathematician: Field & String, Set & Branch Theoretician & Experimentalist.
**Webster, Daniel: Statesman.
**Williams, Roger: English colonist, Statesman, theologian & clergyman. Founder of Rhode Island.
**Yale: Colonial administrator & founder of Yale University.
Xerxes: B.C.E. Achaemenid King of Persia.
**Webster, Noah: Lexicographer.
**Zazerski, Alexander: ? Physicist. Co-discoverer of “ON Scheme equations” & G.U.S.S.S.S.F.T. (GRAND UNIFIED SUPER-SYMMETRY SUPER STRING FIELD THEORY).
**Yale: Inventor of locks.
THE CAMBRIDGE BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, C.U.P

83. Including virtually all of the Most respected Minds of all Humanity!
Alcmaeon, Ambrose, Agassiz, Bells, Bruno, Budaeus, Buffon, Cecil, Carnegie, Chesterton, Churchill, Cousteau, Columbus, Celsius, Carver, Clovis, Dostoyevsky, Dickens, Dakin, Dirac, Douglas, Dysons, Dostoyevsky, Edwards Faraday, Gist, Gosse, Higgs, Hamilton, Handel, Hutton, Helmholtz, Hoyle, Ictinos, Johannsen, Kagawa, King, Knox, Lincoln, Lin, Lister, Leeuwenhoek, Laplace, Lyell, McDonnell, Mendelssohn, Maxwell, Mozart, Nobel, Owen, Parry, Peacocke, Plantinga, Pratt, Qin, Polkinghorne, Parsons, Ramanujan, Rembrandt, Rockefeller, Ray, Rutherford, Smoot, Solzhenitsyn, Scotus, Stannard, Spenser, Swift, Spener, Swinburne, Tolstoy, Tesla, Tertullian, Ussher, Van Dykes, Volta, York, Washingtons,* Ximenes, Xuanzang, Xuanzong, Zwingli…
*George: “It is the duty of all nations to acknowledge the providence of Almighty God, to obey His will, to be grateful for His benefits, and to humbly implore His protection and favor.” Booker T. & etc.
**These individuals also believe that Jesus is The Token & Typical God.
*These individuals believe Yahweh (The God of Abraham) is The Token & Typical God.
Alcmaeon: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & physician.
**Bell, Alexander: Educationalist & Inventor of heart lung machine, telephone, etc.
**Agassiz: Naturalist & glaciologist.
**Ambrose Scholastic philosopher, educator & theologian.
**Bell: Anatomist & Surgeon.
**Bell: Educationalist & Inventor
**Bell: Educationalist & Inventor.
**Bell: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, ecumenist & clergyman.
**Bell: Aircraft designer & builder.
**Bell: Engineer & pioneer of steam navigation.
**Bell: Archeologist & Stateswoman.
**Bruno: Scholastic philosopher, physicist, astronomer, educator, theologian, ecumenist & Friar.
**Bell: Naturalist & Dental surgeon.
**Bell: Clergyman & inventor.
**Budaeus: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & author. Founder of the College of France & the royal library.
**Carnegie, Andrew: Industrialist.
**Cecil: Statesman. Chief architect of Elizabethan greatness.
**Buffon: Naturalist.
**Churchill, Winston: Statesman, painter, author, orator, War hero.
**Chesterton, Gilbert Keith: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Christian apologist & author.
**Carnegie, Dale: Educationalist. Modern father of motivational speaking.
**Cousteau, Jack: Inventor of S.C.U.B.A. & explorer.
**Carver, George: Scientist & inventor.
**Celsius, Anders: Inventor of centigrade temperature scale, physicist, astronomer.
**Columbus, Christopher: Explorer.
**Dakin: Medical chemist.
**Dickens, Charles: Novelist.
**Clovis I: Merovingian king of the Franks. Educator Statesman & reformer.
**Dirac: Physicist.
**Douglas: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, poet & clergyman.
**Douglas: Aircraft designer & builder.
**Douglas: Botanist, (Douglas Fir).
**Dyson, Freeman:?. Physicist.
**Dyson: Physicist & astronomer.
**Douglas: Canadian Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Dostoyevsky: Novelist.
**Faraday, Michael: Physicist & Chemist.
**Edward: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
(Excluding the saints & the Kings)**Edward: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Gosse: Explorer.
**Gist: aka Sequoia. Cherokee Statesman , Scholar & inventor of phonetic alphabet for his & other native languages.
**Galvani: Physiologist.
**Higgs: ? Physicist.
**Humboldt: Naturalist & explorer.
**Handel: Composer.
**Hamilton, Alexander: U.S. Revolutionary & Constitutional Statesman.
**Hoyle, Fred: ? Astronomer, Mathematician, Physicist.
**Helmholtz: Physicist.
**Hutton: Scientist.
Ictinos: @450 B.C.E. Greek Architect of the Parthenon etc.
**Kelvin: Physicist.
**Kagawa: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Johannsen: Botanist & Geneticist.
**Lin: , Scholastic philologist, educator, writer & statesman.
**Knox, John: Scholastic philosopher, educator, statesman, martyr, theologian & clergyman.
**King, Martin: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Laplace: Mathematician, astronomer, physicist.
**Leeuwenhoek: Microscopist & scientist.
**Lincoln, Abraham: Statesman.
**Lyell: Geologist.
**Lewis, Clive: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian , writer & Christian apologist .
**Lister: Physician.
**McDonnell: Aircraft designer & builder.
**Milton, John: poet.
**Maxwell, James: Physicist.
**Mendelssohn: Composer.
**Orm: @1200. Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Reformer of spelling.
**Nobel: Chemist, inventor, industrialist. Founder of the Nobel prizes.
**Mozart: Composer.
**Owen: Writer & Statesman.
**Parsons: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Parry: Artic Navigator.
**Paganini: Musician & Composer.
**Pratt, Parley: 18__-185?. Scholastic philosopher, epistemologist, educator, theologian & clergyman. Authored: “THE KEY TO THE SCIENCE OF THEOLOGY.”
**Plantinga: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian.
**Peacocke: Novelist & poet.
**Polkinghorne: 19?-. Physicist.
**Rembrandt: Painter.
Ramanujan: Mathematician.
Qin: B.C.E. 1st emperor of China.
**Ray: Naturalist.
**Rutherford: Physicist.
**Rockefeller, John: Industrialist & philanthropist.
**Solzhenitsyn: Writer, physicist & mathematician.
**Smoot, George ? Physicist.
**Stannard: ? Physicist.
**Scotus: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Swinburne: Scientist & inventor of plastics.
**Spener, Philip: Scholastic philosopher, author, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Spenser: Poet.
**Swift: Clergyman & author.
**Tertullian: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & author.
**Tesla: Physicist & inventor.
**Tolstoy: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & writer.
**Van Dyck: Portraiture Painter.
**Van Dyke:? Author. “THE OTHER WISEMAN”, “the mansion(?), etc.
**Ussher: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman.
**Volta: Physicist.
**Ximenes: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Washington: Civil rights leader and educationalist. Founder of the Tuskegee Institute.
**Washington: U.S. Revolutionary & Constitutional Statesman. Father of the U.S.
**York: War Hero.
Xuanzong: : Chinese Tang Emperor.
Xuanzang: Buddhist Explorer & pilgrim.
THE CAMBRIDGE BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, C.U.P
**Zwingli: Reformer, theologian, & clergyman.

84. Including virtually all of the Most respected Minds of all Humanity!
Abdullah, Albertus, Alexanders, Aelfric, Armstrong, Antiochus, Bach, Babbage, Barth, Booth, Becquerel, Collins, Chaucer, Davy, Chadwick, Diesel, Dovorak, Einthoven, Eliot, Ellis, Fleming, Florey, Galileo, Geiger, Graham, Guillaume, Henrys, Hertz, Hills, Ibns, Hume, Irvings, Johnsons, Jacobi, Kusch, Kapila, Kolbes, Kipling, Lawrence, Livingstone, Legendre, Lemaitre, Mohammeds, Moody, Medina, Morse, Nernst, Nibley, Niebuhrs, Onions, Origen, Oppenheimers, Pachelbel, Paschal, Penn, Pregl, Purcell, Quesnel, Ramseys, Seuss, Raphael, Riemann, Sabatier, Spurgeon, Stephens, Smiths, Steno, Soddy, Townsends, Tabari, Thielicke, Tolkein, Ulugh, Ulfilas, Van Gogh, Virchow, Vivaldi, Wallace, Woolley, Wien, Walkers, Wesleys, Nearly ad infinitum!
My intention is to include the giants of every discipline, in every culture, in every era. My most sincere and humble apologies to all those I have left out, especially Laureates of the Nobel, Templeton pries & etc.!
Washington etc.
Battutah, Khaldun, etc.
John etc.
J Robert etc.
Samuel etc.
**These individuals also believe that Jesus is The Token & Typical God.
*These individuals believe Yahweh (The God of Abraham) is The Token & Typical God.
Thomas etc.
**Albertus, Magnus: Theologian & clergyman. The father of modern science.
*Abdullah, Mohammed: Kashmiri Statesman.
**Alexander: Father of Yugoslavia.
**Alexander: : Tsar of Russia.
Alexander: B.C.E. (the Great.) Statesman & scholar. Founded great library at Alexandra. Funded 1st translation of the Bible.
**Alexander: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Alexander: Russian war hero & saint.
**Alexander: Tsar of Russia. (the Liberator.) emancipated the serfs etc.
**Alexander: @550. Greek physician. Author of TWELVE BOOKS ON MEDICINE.
**Alexander: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman. Author of SUMMA THEOLOGICA.
**Armstrong: Astronaut.
** Aelfric of Abbas Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman.
**Alexander: Poet & song/Hymn writer.
Antiochus: ?-68 B.C.E. Greek philosopher.
Antiochus: B.C.E. Seleucid king of Syria.
**Barth, Karl: Scholastic philosopher, author, theologian & clergyman.
**Bach: Composer.
**Babbage: Mathematician & inventor.
**Becquerel: Physicist.
**Booth, William: Scholastic philosopher, theologian & clergyman. Founder of the Salvation Army.
**Chadwick: Physicist.
**Chaucer: Poet.
**Collins, Francis: ? Geneticist.
**Dovorak: ?
**Diesel: Inventor.
**Ellis: Physician & psychologist.
**Eliot: Poet & playwright.
**Davy: : Chemist.
**Fleming, Alexander: Bacteriologist. Discovered penicillin.
**Einthoven: physiologist.
**Ellis: Australian Industrialist.
**Franklin: Explorer.
**Franklin, Benjamin: Physicist, Inventor, Philosopher, Statesman.
**Florey: : Chemist.
**Galileo, Galilei: Physicist.
**Franklin: Physicist, Chemist, Molecular biologist. Her work in X-Ray Crystallography led to the discovery of DNA & effectively created the science of molecular biology.
**Guillaume: Physicist.
**Graham, William: Scholastic philosopher, author, evangelist, missionary, theologian & clergyman.
**Geiger: Physicist.
**Henry: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Henry: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, statesman & clergyman.
**Henry: Author & Statesman.
**Henry: Physicist.
**Henry: Navigator, Explorer.
**Hertz: Physicist.
**Henry: Chemist.
**Hill: Industrialist.
**Hill: Artist & photographer.
**Hill: Australian Composer.
**Hill:
**Hill: Education & Composer. She wrote many still famous children’s songs.
**Hill: Housing reformer. She founded the National Trust.
**Irving: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
**Hume: Philosopher & historian.
**Hill: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
*Ibn: Explorer & Author.
**Irving, Washington: Author.
*Iqbal: Poet, philosopher & theologian.
*Ibn: Statesman. Father of Saudi Arabia.
*Ibn: Philosopher, historian, theologian, & Statesman.
**Johnson: Pioneer Aviator. She set many solo flying records & was a military heroine.
**Johnson: Philosopher.
**Johnson: Lexicographer & educator.
**Johnson, Howard: Motel & foodservice entrepreneur.
**Johnson: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
**Jacobi: Mathematician.
**Johnson: Merchant & Colonial Statesman.
**Kusch: Physicist.
Kapila: @550B.C.E. Hindi philosopher.
**Jaspers: Physician & philosopher.
**Kipling, Joseph Rudyard: Author.
**Kolbe: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & clergyman.
**Kolbe: Chemist & educator.
**Legendre: Mathematician.
**Livingstone, David: Scholastic philosopher, physician, theologian missionary, explorer & clergyman. (“Dr. Livingstone I presume?”)
**Lawrence: Author.
**Medina. ? Chemist & inventor of process for extracting American silver ore.
**Lemaitre: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, & Astrophysicist.
*Mohammed: Statesman. Founder of the Egyptian royal family.
*Mohammed: Founder of the Ottoman Empire.
*Mohammed: Founder of Islam.
**Moody, Dwight: Scholastic philosopher, theologian, author, missionary, evangelist & clergyman.
**Morse: Inventor of telegraph and Morse Code.
**Niebuhr, Reinhold: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Niebuhr: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Nernst: Physicist.
**Onions: Scholar & Lexicographer, S.O.E.D.
**Nibley, Hugh: ? Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
*Oppenheimer, J. Robert: Physicist.
*Oppenheimer: ?. Mining industrialist, Statesman, philanthropist.
*Oppenheimer: Mining industrialist, Statesman, philanthropist.
**Paschal I ? Scholastic philosopher, theologian, clergyman & Pope.
**Pachelbel: Composer.
**Origen: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
** Penn, William: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman. Founder of Pennsylvania.
**Purcell: Composer.
**Pregl: Chemist.
**Quesnel: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Quincy: Statesman.
**Ramsey: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Ramsey: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Ramsey: Philosopher & Mathematician.
**Raphael: Painter.
**Ramsey: Physicist.
**Seuss: Writer & illustrator. Poet.
**Sabatier: Chemist.
**Riemann: Mathematician.
**Smith, Adam: Economist & philosopher.
**Soddy: Physicist.
**Smith, Jedediah: Explorer.
**Smith, Henry: Mathematician.
**Smith, Gerrit: Reformer & Philanthropist.
**Smith, Joseph: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author, Statesman, Translator & clergyman. Scriptural scribe. Founder of 1st & largest international woman’s aid organization. Abolitionist. Suffragist.
**Smith, John: Composer.
**Smith, John: Explorer, diplomat & Statesman.
**Smith, Ross: Aviator.
**Smith, Rodney: Evangelist
**Smith, Maria: Orchardist. (Granny smith Apples)
**Smith, Sydney: Forensic pathologist.
**Smith, Sydney: Clergyman, Author & wit.
**Smith, William: Philanthropist.
**Smith, William: : Civil engineer.
**Smith, Theobald: : Microbiologist.
** Stephen: King, Statesman & theologian. Father of Hungary. “Apostolic king”.
**Steno: Anatomist & geologist.
*Tabari, Mohammed: Scholastic philosopher, educator, Islamic theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Spurgeon, Charles: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Stephen: @ 33. Scholarly theologian and clergyman. 1st Christian martyr.
**Tolkein: Philologist & writer.
**Thielicke: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Ulfilas: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Townsend, John: Physicist.
**Townsend, Cameron: Scholastic philosopher, theologian ,linguist, missionary, Bible translator.
**Virchow: Physician, Statesman, founder of cellular pathology.
**Van Gogh, Vincent: Painter.
*Ulugh: Scholastic philosopher, educator, Astronomer, Islamic theologian, Author & Statesman.
**Walker: ? Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author & clergyman.
**Wallace: Naturalist. Founder of the theory of evolution by means of Divine guidance through Natural Selection. (Please compare his life, words, & works with that of Darwin!)
**Vivaldi: Composer.
**Walker: Chemist & inventor of friction matches.
**Walker: Educator and Dictionary writer.
**Wesley, Charles: Scholastic philosopher, educator, hymn writer, theologian & clergyman. Co-founder of Methodism.
**Woolley: Archeologist.
**Wien: Physicist.
Xenocrates: ?-314 B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Wesley, John: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian & clergyman. Co-founder of Methodism.
Yongle: Statesman, Ming emperor, Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author. Sponsored the Great Encyclopedia.
**Yersin: Bacteriologist.
Xenophanes: B.C.E. Greek philosopher & scientist.
**Young, Brigham: Scholastic philosopher, educator, theologian, Author, clergyman & Statesman. Founder of Utah and BYU, the nation’s (world’s?) 1st co-ed university. Abolitionist. Woman's suffragist.
**Young, Arthur: The father of Agriculture as a science.
**Zeiss: Optician, inventor, & industrialist.
**Young, Thomas: Physicist.
**Young, Edward: Poet & author.
**Zworykin: Physicist.
Zoroaster: @ 550 B.C.E. Scholastic philosopher, educator, statesman, theologian, Author & clergyman. Father of a monotheistic religion.
**Zemlinsky: Composer & Conductor.
THE CAMBRIDGE BIOGRAPHICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA, C.U.P

85. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1901. Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen: Discovery of x-rays.
1902. Lorentz & Zeeman: The influence of magnetism upon radiation.
1903. Becquerel & Curies: radiation phenomenon.
1904. Rayleigh: Argon & the densities of many gases.
1905. Anton Von Lenard: Cathode Rays.
1906. Thomson*: Conduction of electricity by gases.
1907. Michelson*: Optical precision instruments & meteorological investigations.
1908.Lippmann: photographing interference phenomenon.
1909. Marconi & Braun: wireless telegraphy, (Radio).
1910. Van der Waals: Equations for gasses & liquids.
Notice how often the prize is unrelated to the contribution for which the person is most famous!
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

86. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1911. Wien: Laws governing heat radiation.
1912. Dalen: Automatic regulators for gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses & buoys.
1913. Onnes: Low temperature → liquid helium.
1914. Von Laue: Crystal diffraction.
1915. Braggs: x-ray analysis of crystal structure.
1916. Not awarded.
1917. Barkla: x-rays of the elements.
1918. Plank: Energy quanta.
1919. Stark: Doppler effect in canal rays & the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
1920. Guillaume: precision measurements in anomalies of nickel steel alloys.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

87. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1921. Einstein*: Photoelectric effect.
1922. Bohr: Structure of the atom & radiation.
1923. Millakan: Elementary charge of electricity & the photoelectric effect.
1924. Siegbahn: X-ray spectroscopy.
Franck & Hertz: Laws governing the impact of the electron on the atom.
Perrin: The discontinuous structure of matter.
Compton & Wilson: The Compton effect & visualizing the paths of electrically charged particles.
Richardson: His Law.
1929. de Broglie: The wave nature of electrons.
1930. Chandrasekhara: Scattering of light & his effect.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

88. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1931. Not awarded.
1932. Heisenberg: Quantum mechanics.
Schrödinger & Dirac: New productive forms of atomic theory.
Not awarded.
Chadwick: The neutron.
Hess & Anderson: Cosmic radiation & the positron.
1937. Davisson & Thomson: Crystal diffraction of electrons.
1938. Fermi: New radioactive elements & nuclear reactions.
1939. Lawrence: The cyclotron & artificial radioactive elements.
1940. Not awarded.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

89. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1941. Not awarded.
1942. Not awarded.
Stern: molecular ray method & magnetic moment of the proton.
Rabi: Recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
Pauli: His Exclusionary principle.
Bridgman: High pressure physics.
Appleton: Investigations of the upper atmosphere.
Blackett: Wilson cloud chamber method.
Yukawa: Mesons & nuclear forces.
Powell: Photographing mesons.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

90. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1951. Cockcroft & Walton: Transmutation of atomic nuclei.
1952. Block & Purcell: Nuclear magnetics.
1953. Zernike: Phase contrast microscope.
1954. Born: Quantum Mechanics, wave function.
1955. Lamb & Kusch: The Hydrogen spectrum & the magnetic moment of the electron.
Shockley, Bardeen & Brattain: The semiconductor & transistors.
1957. Yang & Lee: Parity laws of elementary particles.
1958. Čerenkov, Frank & Tamm: The Čerenkov effect.
1959. Segrē & Chamberlain: The antiproton.
Glaser: The Bubble chamber.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

91. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1961. Hofstadter & Mössbauer: Electron scattering & nucleons; γ-rays & his effect.
1962. Landau: Liquid helium & condensed matter.
1963. Wigner, Mayer, & Jensen: Symmetry principles of atomic nuclei & Nuclear shell structure.
1964. Townes, Basov, & Prochorov: Quantum electronics → maser-laser principle oscillators & amplifiers.
1965. Feynman, Schwinger, & Tomonaga (Dyson): Quantum electrodynamics, q.e.d.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

92. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1966. Kastler: Optical methodologies for Hertzian resonance in atoms.
1967. Bethe: Nuclear reactions → Energy production in stars (Fusion).
1968. Alvarez: Elementary particle resonance states with hydrogen bubble chamber.
Gell-Mann: The particle zoo, (The Quark & the jaguar).
1970. Alvén & Néel: Magneto-hydrodynamics, antiferromagnetism & ferrimagnetism → applications in solid state physics.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

93. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1971. Gabor: Holography.
1972. Bardeen, Cooper & Schrieffer: Superconductivity.
1973. Esaki, Giaever, & Josephson: Tunneling in super-current superconductors.
1974. Hewish & Ryle Pulsars & radioastronomy.
1975. Bohr, Mottelson & Rainwater: The structure & motion or the atomic nucleus.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

94. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1976. Richter & Ting: Particle discovery.
1977. Anderson, Mott & Van Vleck: Electronic structure of magnetic & disordered systems.
1978. Kapitza, Penzias & Wilson: Low temperature physics & Cosmic microwave background radiation (Smoot).
Glashow, Salam & Weinberg: Electro-Weak Unification.
Cronin & Fitch: Violation of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K mesons.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

95. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1981. Bloembergen, Schawlow & Siegbahn: Laser & electron spectroscopy.
1982. Wilson: How temperature & pressure changes matter.
1983. Chandrasekhar & Fowler: The evolution of stars (his limit), Formation of chemical elements in the universe.
Rubbia & der Meer: Particles W & Z; the Weak interaction.
1985. Klitzing: Quantized Hall resistance.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

96. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1986. Binnig, Rohrer & Ruska: Electron microscope & scanning-tunneling.
1987. Bednorz & Müller: New class of superconductors.
1988. Lederman, Schwartz & Steinberg: Neutrino beam & muon neutrino.
1989. Dehmelt, Paul & Ramsey:
Friedman, Kendall & Taylor:
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

97. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
1991. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes:
1992. Charpak:
1993. Hulse & Taylor:
1994. Brockhouse & Shull:
1995. Perl & Reines
1996. Douglas, Osheroff & Richardson:
1997. Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji & Phelps:
1998. Laughin, Störmer & Tsul:
1999. Hooft & Veltman:
2000. Alferov, Kilby & Kroemer:
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

98. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
2001. Cornell, Ketterie & Wieman:
2002. Davis, Giacconi & Koshiba:
2003. Abriksov, Ginzberg & Leggett:
2004. Gross, Politzer & Wilczek:
2005. Giauber, Hall & Hänsch:
2006. Mather & Smoot: ( Mapping CMB).
2007. Fert & Grünberg:
2008. Kobayashi, Maskawa & Nambu:
2009. Boyle, Kao & Smith: Fiber-optic cables & CCD sensors, an imaging semiconductor circuit.
2010.
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.

99. WINNERS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
2011.
2012.
(Predictive)
2014. (Predictive)
2015. (Predictive)
2016. (Predictive)
2017. (Predictive)
2018. (Predictive)
2019. (Predictive)
2020. (Predictive)
What is life? How does life operate at its most fundamental level? How did life begin?
How is fire not life? It breathes, eats, grows, & reproduces. It does not create. It does not reduce entropy or increase order & complexity. Only living things share in God’s creative works. That is what makes them alive! Without God, not only is life impossible, but the very word ‘life’ has no meaning!
“Dead matter cannot become living without coming under the influence of matter previously alive. This seems to be as sure a teaching of science as the law of gravitation.” Lord Kelvin, 1871.
“To believe that physical and chemical forces could by themselves bring about an organism is not merely mistaken, but stupid.” Schopenhauer 1860
Gravitational: Isaac Newton 1687.
Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday 1831.
Weak: Enrico Fermi 1933.
Strong: Hideki Yukawa 1949.
Lambda: Albert Einstein 1917.
Chaos: Michael Figenbaum 1976 (?).
Agape: William Mills 2007 (?).
One large subset of this argument is represented by the famous mathematician Euler who was asked by Catherine the Great to refute Diderot’s atheism. “Sir, (𝒂+𝒃ᴺ)/n = x. Hence God Exists. Reply.” The beauty and the Elegance of nature & truth as a argument for God’s existence is even more plainly seen in: E = MC², Libnez’s famous equation for Π: 𝜫= 𝟒 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟑 + 𝟏 𝟓 − 𝟏 𝟕 + 𝟏 𝟗 …Lp = √(Għ/C³) 10¯³⁵m, per Plank’s Time: Tp= √(Għ/C⁵) 10¯⁴³s.
Schrödinger’s equations:
ψ=ψ 𝒙 1 ,…𝒙ⁿ;𝒕 .
𝒊ħ αψ α𝒕 =Ƕψ,
Where, Ƕ=Ƕ(𝒊ħ α/α 𝒙 1 , …𝒊ħ α α𝒙ⁿ ;𝒙¹,…𝒙ⁿ).
𝒊ħ 𝝏𝝋 𝝏𝒕 =− ħ 𝟐 𝟐𝒎 𝞩 𝟐 𝝋+𝑽𝝋.
𝑨=𝝅 𝒓 𝟐 , 𝒙+𝒂 𝒏 = 𝒌=𝟎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒌 𝒙 𝒌 𝒂 𝒏−𝒌 , 𝟏+𝒙 𝒏 =𝟏+ 𝒏𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! +…,𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂 𝟎 + 𝒏=𝟏 ∞ 𝒂 𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 + 𝒃 𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒏𝝅𝒙 𝑳 , 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃 𝟐 = 𝒄 𝟐 , 𝒙= −𝒃± 𝒃 𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 , 𝒆 𝒙 =𝟏+ 𝒙 𝟏! + 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐! + 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑! +…, −∞<𝒙<∞, 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜶 ± 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶±𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶∓𝜷 , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜷 =𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶+𝜷 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏 𝟐 𝜶−𝜷 , etc. Others see proof of God in the beauty of more traditional art such as painting, sculpture, architecture, music, etc.