1. Honors Ancient History Final Exam Review

2. True or False
Although the Schlieffen Plan got off to a rocky start, it proved to be an effective war strategy for Germany.

3. True or False
Between 15 and 20 million Africans were shipped to the Americas against their will.

4. True or False
The doctrine of predestination holds that God knows who will be saved and guides the lives of those destined for salvation.

5. True or False
The Battle of Verdun remains one of the bloodiest battles in human history with over a million casualties.

6. True or False
Industrialization causes countries to go through dramatic social, political, economic, technological, governmental, and cultural changes.

7. True or False
Enlightenment ideals had little to no impact in the new nation known as the United States.

8. True or False
Although Catholics viewed Jews and Muslims as heretics, Protestants did not.

9. True or False
Tanks would eventually make trench warfare obsolete; however, WWI would be over before they could be widely employed.

10. True or False
During the 1500s, financial corruption, abuse of power, and immorality weakened people’s respect for priests, monks, and even popes.

11. True or False
Two other names for WWI included “The Great War” and the “War to End All Wars.”

12. True or False
Copernicus was the first scientist to create a complete model of the solar system combining physics, astronomy, and mathematics.

13. True or False
The assassination of Serbian Archduke Franz Ferdinand by an Austro-Hungarian nationalist sparked WWI.

14. True or False
During the Renaissance, artists and architects made mathematics, science and reason an integral part of their work and therefore challenged the basic beliefs of the Catholic Church.

15. Which of the following advances in farming was most important in the development of cities?
irrigation
domestication of cattle
the plow
use of metal tools

16. What did walking upright allow hominids to do?
control fire
develop written language
use tools
study the sky

17. Hindus believe that the atman is released from the body at death and later reborn in another body in a process called
Devas.
reincarnation.
karma.
moksha.

18. Which came first?
the Ten commandments
the chicken
the Code of Hammurabi
Law

19. What led to the emergence of more defined social ranking?
migration to the Americas
the emergence of Neanderthals
the adoption of a nomadic lifestyle
the growth of settled communities

20. A government arouse in Mesopotamia because
The invention of writing made record-keeping possible.
The hunting and gathering societies there needed structure and law.
Large projects to control flooding required organization.
Their religion required a government to make laws.

21. Cultural diffusion may have affected an early civilization
by lowering the standards for entry into a craft guild.
when people adopted new customs, skills, and technologies.
by encouraging the preservation of distinct characteristics.
by making it more difficult to control trade.

22. Scholars think early people might have believed in life after death because
surviving cave art shows the dead being reborn.
they put food and objects in graves.
they did not bury their dead.
surviving carved figurines from the period seem to be of angels.

23. The most common punishment in the Code of Hammurabi is
licking a hot spoon
death
prison
watching Oprah reruns

24. Why did pharaohs have absolute power in Egypt?
Pharaohs ruled the country using terror.
The kingdom was small enough for one man to exercise complete control.
Egyptians believed the pharaoh received instructions directly from the vizier.
Egyptians believed the pharaoh was a god in human form.

25. Believing that one culture is no better than another, just different, is an example of
cultural relativism
cultural diffusion
anthropological diversity
ethnocentrism

26. Which of the following is the most sacred text of Judaism?
the Torah
the Hebrew Bible
the Talmud
the Old Testament

27. Which of the following was one way that the lives of people in agricultural societies changed?
People now had to spend all of their time producing food.
People could now spend time doing activities other than food production.
Gender divisions became more blurred since everyone took part in agriculture.
Agricultural societies were more peaceful than nomadic societies had been.

28. The first civilization arose in Mesopotamia because
the Phoenicians had become expert sailors.
the area was suitable for agriculture.
the Hittites were able to master ironworking techniques.
people in the Fertile Crescent had a vibrant religious life.

29. Ancient civilizations waged war in order to
spread their ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology.
impose their religion on other cultures
gain control of rich land or natural resources.
protect the herds of pastoralists.

30. What led early civilizations to create calendars?
the need to chart nomadic movements
the need to chart electoral cycles as governments developed
the need to track yearly flooding and growing seasons
determining religious holidays

31. Why was the discovery of Otzi the Iceman significant?
because his well-preserved body and belongings provided new information about Neolithic societies
because no other Paleolithic skeletons had been found
because no other Neolithic skeletons had been found
because his well-preserved body and belongings provided new information about Paleolithic societies

32. Which of the following reflects the chronological order of empires in and around the Fertile Crescent from first to last?
Babylonian, Akkadian, Hittite, Chaldean, Assyrian
Assyrian, Chaldean, Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite
Akkadian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Babylonian, Hittite
Akkadian , Babylonian , Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean

33. Which of the following represents the correct sequence in which early humanlike beings appeared?
Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecine, Homo Habilis
Australopithecine, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Australopithecine, Homo sapiens
Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, Australopithecine

34. What was one major reason that Homo erectus migrated out of Africa?
competition with Neanderthals for scarce resources
climate change
widespread warfare
curiosity

35. Agriculture emerged
in the Paleolithic Era.
when religious leaders forced some people to become farmers.
as glaciers moved toward the equator bringing water.
after a warming trend resulted in new plants and animals.

36. What was an early important development of Homo sapiens?
spoken language
the wheel
farming
domestication of animals

37. How did ice ages affect worldwide migration patterns?
Disruption in agriculture forced people in previously settled communities to become nomadic migrants.
Many roads became impassable, halting migration.
Land bridges connecting continents were exposed, aiding migration.
As ocean levels rose during the ice ages, societies were isolated on continents.

38. Early humans living during the Stone Age most likely
settled in permanent villages for common defense.
were uninterested in art or music.
lived in small groups and moved to new areas as food became scarce.
worshipped one common god.

39. The geography of Mesopotamia led people to
migrate to the Sinai Peninsula.
develop methods to control water.
adopt hunting and gathering as a way of life.
build cities along the Mediterranean coastline.

40. Jains disagreed with Hindus over which of the following?
whether achieving moksha was possible
the importance of honesty
the emphasis on ritual
the practice of nonviolence

41. Where did the world’s first civilizations arise?
in sub-Saharan Africa
along fertile river valleys
in North America
in sparsely populated areas

42. The shift from hunting and gathering to farming is called the Neolithic Revolution because it
coincided with the development of wooden tools.
began the process of global warming.
changed life dramatically.
began a long period of warfare in the Fertile Crescent.

43. The Four Nobel Truths teach that
special techniques can be used to harness spiritual energy and achieve nirvana in a single lifetime.
harming animals in any way is morally wrong.
everyone suffers from the desire for material thinks, but overcoming these desires will bring suffering to and end.
all people must respect the elder members of their family and care for children with loving kindness.

44. The book of Genesis and the Epic of Gilgamesh agree on all but
the divine planning of the flood
the reason for the flood
the building of a boat by the hero
the sending out of birds from the boat

45. Why did Egyptians bury possessions with their dead?
because inheritance was unknown in Egypt
to sustain the ka in the afterlife
to display the family’s wealth and privilege
so the ka would recognize the body

46. One characteristic of civilization is
organized military
developed cities
fertile river valleys
industry

47. Which of the following developments marked the transition from prehistory to the historical age?
The Phoenician alphabet
Hammurabi’s Code
Cuneiform
the Torah

48. Someone who practices ethnocentrism would fit best with which of the following phrases?
We are all God’s children.
It’s them and us.
We are all in it together.
I like ice cream with bugs in it.

49. What prompted the development of record-keeping systems?
The establishment of graveyards in permanent settlements
The invention of written language
Economic transactions
The growing power of religion

50. What led to the building of permanent settlements?
migration to the Americas
the development of agriculture
development of simple governments
the end of bloody warfare

51. Homo sapiens means
wise man
upright man
modern man
southern ape

52. Emperor Constantine made two profound decisions that affected the future of the Roman Empire: he converted to ____ and he built a new capital, Constantinople, at the site of the village of ____.
Zoroastrianism; Persepolis
Christianity; Byzantium
Judaism; Tarsus
Buddhism; Louyang

53. Alexander’s empire did not grow any larger because
his soldiers wanted to return home.
his generals began fighting for power.
he reached all his goals.
the Hindu Kush defeated him.

54. Why did Constantine build a new capital?
because he had a huge budget surplus
to commemorate the place where he experienced religious conversion
to escape the authority of the pope
because the east was richer and better defended

55. Alexander the Great’s empire and the Roman Empire provided people with the opportunity to share in both a common ____ and ____.
bread; circuses
language; government
culture; identity
Star Wars; Pew Pew

56. Macedonia was able to take control of all of Greece in the 340s BC because
Xerxes was a brilliant commander of the Macedonian army.
a long cycle of warfare left all of Greece vulnerable to attack.
a terrible plague had weakened Athens and Sparta.
the Persian Empire had soundly defeated Athens and Sparta.

57. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the governments of Rome?
Augustan Age, Caesar Age Roman Republic
Julio-Claudians, Roman Republic, Augustan Age, Good Emperors
Roman Republic, Augustan Age, Julio-Claudians, Good Emperors
Roman Republic, Latin Monarchy, Good Emperors, Augustan Age

58. Socrates = ____; Plato = ____; Aristotle = _____
Emphasis on reason and logic; Socratic Method; Wrote The Republic
Wrote The Republic; Emphasis on reason and logic; Socratic Method
Socratic Method; Wrote The Republic; Emphasis on reason and logic
Socratic Method; Emphasis on reason and logic; Wrote The Republic

59. After the fall of Mycenaean society
the city of Troy was destroyed in battle.
Greek civilization almost disappeared.
Minoan society emerged on Crete.
the first Greeks appeared on the Greek mainland.

60. Roman audiences enjoyed public entertainment
in the Colosseum or at the Circus Maximus.
on the Palatine and Pont du Gard.
in temples and at the Forum.
in the Forum on Capitoline Hill.

61. Rome rarely interfered with domestic affairs of people it conquered; however, there were two strict conditions it had on its subject people:
abandon relations with foreign nations and construct public works.
provide troops and abandon relations with foreign nations.
provide troops and recognize the Roman emperor as a god.
establish trade agreements and pay citizen taxes.

62. Which of the following is the correct sequence of influential men in the development of democracy in Athens, from first to last?
Plato, Pericles, Draco, Solon
Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes, Alexander
Draco, Solon, Peisistratus, Cleisthenes
Solon, Draco, Aristophanes, Peisistratus

63. Why did Octavian adopt the title “first citizen”?
to emphasize that he had more power than other magistrates
to avoid the title of king or emperor
to illustrate the duties of citizens in a republic
to show that he was retiring from politics

64. Which of the following describes the government of Diocletian?
a democratic, open society where debate was encouraged
a government that regulated every aspect of life
a corrupt republican government
an unstable military dictatorship

65. The city-state of Sparta was characterized by
dependence upon the sea.
an emphasis on warfare.
an emphasis on temple worship.
democratic institutions.

66. Electing tribunes and displaying the Law of Twelve Tables
benefited tribunes.
protected plebeians against unjust treatment by patricians.
showed the influence of the Etruscans.
violated the constitution hammered out by the patricians and plebeians.

67. Julius Caesar helped to bring an end to the Roman Republic; however it was ____ who formally created the Roman Empire.
Alexander
Crassus
Pompey
Octavian

68. What was the result of the first Persian invasion?
The Persians won but Darius was killed in battle.
The Spartans won.
Ionia won its independence.
The Athenians won.

69. Some of the earliest examples of Greek epic poetry were
written for the festival of Dionysus.
written by women.
the Illaid and the Odyssey.
written by Aristophanes.

70. By bringing together a number of diverse peoples and cultures in his empire, Alexander helped create a new type of culture. It was no longer purely Greek, but ____, or Greeklike.
Alexandric
Macedonic
Hellenistic
Democratic

71. New schools of philosophy developed during the Hellenistic period, in part because
people sought ways to explain the violence and bloodshed of the period.
classical philosophy absorbed ideas from other cultures.
people rejected the Greek gods.
Alexander brought philosophers together from all over his empire.

72. The phrase “bread and circuses” referred to
the weekly market held in the Forum.
the reluctance of wealthy Romans to become involved with politics.
the free food and entertainment provided by the government to stave off rebellions by poor people.
the prosperity of the Roman Empire that allowed most Romans to live a life of leisure.

73. The area of Rome where most of the governmental buildings were located, including where the laws were displayed, was known as the ____.
Forum
Circus Maximus
Aqueduct
Colesseum

74. Why did the Persian emperor Darius attack the Greek mainland?
to gain control of Greece’s vast natural resources
to punish Athens for aiding Ionians in their revolt against Persian rule
to exact revenge for the Athenians’ victory at Marathon
to kidnap Helen, the beautiful queen of Athens

75. Which of the following was one of Diocletian’s reforms?
He provided free food and entertainment to Roman citizens.
He issued the Edict of Milan.
He divided the empire in two.
He issued the first written legal code.

76. In 509 BC, the Romans revolted and threw out the last of the Etruscan kings and then established a new type of government - ____ - elected officials governed the state.
empire
communism
republic
democracy

77. Why did a group of senators murder Julius Caesar?
because he was extremely unpopular with the Roman people
to prevent him from destroying the Roman Republic
to dismantle the Republic and return governing power to the monarchy
because he was waging a civil war

78. Paul of Tarsus helped to attract non-Jews to Christianity by
remaining in Rome.
actively opposing the teaching that Jesus was the Messiah.
following Jewish food laws.
dispensing with some Jewish customs.

79. Wealthy Romans dominated politics during the Pax Romana because
only patricians were allowed to hold office.
most citizens were uninterested in politics.
public officials were not paid so only the wealthy could participate.
the Roman masses cared only about bread and circuses.

80. The prosperity of Athens was due in large part to its stable and effective government. That government was the world’s first ____, a form of government run by the people.
oligarchy
democracy
republic
city-state

81. The period from the beginning of Augustus’ reign in 27 BC until the death of the last of the Good Emperors in AD 180 is often called the
Pox Ramono
Pacs Ramana
Pax Romana
Pack Romana

82. One of the most important ideas of Confucianism was that
trade should be the basis of any economy.
women and men should be equal under the law.
the family was central to the well-being of the state.
government leaders should rule with an iron fist.

83. Buddhism became popular in China because
its message of escape from suffering offered more hope than did Confucianism.
Zhang Qian introduced Buddhism when he returned from Central Asia.
civil service exams were based on Buddhist principles.
the emperor became a Buddhist in AD 200.

84. In recent years many Middle Easterners have sought solutions to their economic and social problems in fundamentalism, which is the
adherence to traditional political values.
adherence to traditional social values.
adherence to traditional religious values.
adherence to traditional fundamental values.

85. Which of the following built the largest empire in South America?
Moche
Incas
Aztecs
Nazca

86. Some Meccans did not accept Muhammad’s teachings because he
had a career as a merchant.
chose to live in Yathrib.
criticized their belief in many gods.
refused to share the angel’s message.

87. All jihad involves fighting enemies of war.
True
False

88. Why is Ashoka considered one of India’s greatest rulers?
He was Hindu.
He worked to improve the lives of people in the empire.
He greatly reduced the empire’s territory.
He united the empire after centuries of disorganization and division.

89. Muhammad left behind clear guidelines for choosing a new caliph.
True
False

90. What led to the downfall of both the Inca Empire and the Aztec Empire?
internal warfare between city-states
climate change
a massive meteor that caused catastrophic damage
the arrival of Spanish explorers

91. A Muslim who states, “There is no god but God [Allah], and Muhammad is the messenger of God,” has fulfilled the
Ten Commandments
pilgrimage to Mecca.
first pillar of Islam
giving of alms.

92. Which of the following manufactured products was most prized in the Han dynasty?
silk
fine, lacquered furniture
jade products
iron armor and swords

93. Why did the Han develop a civil service system?
to reward soldiers for military service
to obtain officials who held Confucian values.
to encourage higher education among the nation’s youth
to solidify the dynasty’s power by offering rivals government jobs

94. Mesoamerica was the site of the first farming settlements in the Americas because
Europeans brought seeds and domesticated there first.
the warm temperatures, plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils were ideal for agriculture.
people settled there first.
the groups that lived there were vegetarians.

95. At the time of Muhammad’s birth, what brought religious pilgrims to Mecca?
the House of Wisdom
the Dome of the Rock
the Kaaba
the variety of mosques

96. Scholars believe the Olmec influenced other Mesoamerican civilizations because
there is no evidence of the Olmec after their mysterious decline.
elements of Olmec civilization can be seen in later Mesoamerican civilizations.
they were a relatively recent civilization.
their agricultural practices were widely copied by later civilizations.

97. The Mauryan Empire was similar to the Qin and the Han Empires because it had a strong, centralized ____.
economy
military
government
religion

98. Peasants made up what part of the population of Han China?
less than 2%
about 60%
about 25%
about 90%

99. Muhammad left Mecca because
he believed Allah commanded him to do so.
his teachings made it unsafe for him to stay there.
he wanted to spread his message.
the Kaaba had been destroyed.

100. Which dynasty unified China in 221 BC?
Han
Zhou
Qin
Daoist

101. The Muslim place of worship is called a
mosque.
Kaaba.
hadith.
minaret.

102. Which of the following would a follower of Legalism most likely have supported as a punishment for a scholar who criticized the government?
forced labor on massive building projects
two days of house arrest
torture and death
firing him from his university position

103. Gupta scholars were the most advanced mathematicians of their day
Gupta scholars were the most advanced mathematicians of their day. They developed the modern math system using the concept of ____ and other ____ numerals.
algebra; Arabic-Hindu
geometry; Greco-Hindu
zero; Hindu-Arabic
zero; Roman-Arabic

104. The Qur’an says that women
must wear veils.
must dress modestly.
must dress in long robes.
must be hot like that lady on the video.

105. The difference between Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims is
the Shi’ites have a strong odor.
the way in which divine guidance is discovered.
the types of camels they ride.
Sunnis worship Muhammad and Shi’ites worship Allah.

106. What led to the split in the Christian Church in 1054?
the refusal of the patriarch of Constantinople to recognize the pope’s authority
a pacifist group’s opposition to the Crusades
the desire of Henry IV for a divorce from his wife
the defeat of the Papal States by Otto the Great

107. How many organized Crusades set out from Europe between 1096 and 1291?3 7 4 9

108. The fundamental concept behind the Magna Carta is the idea of
divine right of kings.
absolutism.
limited government.
taxation.

109. Europe became a feudal society because
the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.
overpopulation required that a more efficient agricultural system be developed.
Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.

110. Merchants asked the king for special charters for town because
the Crusades made Europe less safe, so rural people banded together for protection.
they wanted to keep women out of guilds.
the merchants did not want to pay fees to feudal lords.
they wanted charters granting religious freedom.

111. The reason why the clergy was so influential during the Middle Ages was because they served as the peoples’ main connection to the church.
True
False

112. Distinct cultures and ways of life developed in Africa because
people migrated to different parts of Africa from different regions of the world.
different regions of the continent have different landforms, climates, and vegetation.
strict laws forbid marrying outside one’s village.
the continent is about twice as large as the United States.

113. The two religions that spread into Africa from Arabia due to contact through trade are
Christianity and Buddhism.
Animism and Islam.
Islam and Christianity.
Buddhism and Animism.

114. ____ originated partly as result of Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions.
Charlemagne’s Empire
The Middle Ages
Feudalism
Manorialism

115. The feudal system had which of the following effects?
It centralized government.
It increased the pope’s power.
It diminished the power of kings.
It freed most Europeans from work obligations.

116. The goal of the First Crusade was to
convert Muslims to Christianity.
take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Muslims.
conquer Constantinople.
take Jerusalem and the Holy Land away from the Byzantines.

117. Charlemagne was important because he was able to
increase the rights of women during the Early Middle Ages.
united Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome.
promote religious tolerance among the people he conquered.
lead several successful campaigns during the fourth Crusade.

118. The church’s influence increased around 1000 because at that time
the Moors were finally driven completely off the Iberian Peninsula.
there was an upsurge of religious devotion across Europe.
the feudal system emerged.
Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the pope.

119. Why were many of the written works created during the Early Middle Ages religious texts?
Few people were very religious.
Few people outside of the clergy could read and write.
Church law required it.
Most people did not enjoy reading epics or romances.

120. Which of the following was not a result of growing trade during the High Middle Ages?
Growth of cities
Use of coin and credit
Merchants moving into cities to avoid taxes
Trade Fairs

121. What common feature did many African societies share?
They were forced to pay tribute to stronger groups that lived in the area.
They originated in sub-Saharan Africa.
They were village-based cultures built around clans.
They claimed to be descendants of the Queen of Sheba.

122. Both Geoffrey Chaucer and Dante Alighieri wrote in
the vernacular.
Latin.
English.
calligraphy.

123. The challenges of the late Middle Ages led to the collapse of medieval society and the creation of a new movement/society in Italy known as the ____.
Awakening
Inquisition
Renaissance
Roman Empire

124. The pope’s influence in the Middle Ages resulted from
the economic influence of the Papal States.
the powerful army he headed under General Charlemagne.
the fact that nearly everyone in Europe was Christian.
his appointment by the Roman Emperor.