1. Kingdom Protista
Chapter 19

2. Kingdom Protista – “Catch all”
Eukaryotes
Unicellular and Multicellular (MOST are Unicellular!)
Autotrophic or heterotrophic – classified by the way they obtain food!
Some have cell walls
Many have structures specific for movement.

3. Types of Protists Animal-like Protists Plant-like Protists
Fungus-like Protists

4. Animal-like Protists Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular
Live in water, but can be found in moist soil
Grouped by method of locomotion

5. Phylum Zoomastigina: Zooflagellates
Move by flagella
Live symbiotically
Examples:-
Trichonympha collaris – termites
Tyrpanosoma brucei – tsetse fly that causes sleeping sickness

6. Sarcodines Amoeba Unicellular Reproduce by binary fission
Move by psuedopods “false foot”
Feed by phagocytosis
Can cause dysentery

7. Sarcodines
Amoeba

8. Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates
Paramecium
Use cilia for feeding and movement.
Discharge trichocysts to disable prey
Reproduce sexually and asexually

9. Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates
Paramecium
Anal pore
Gullet
Oral groove
Trichocysts
Lysosomes
Food vacuoles
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Cilia

10. Phylum Sporozoa Nonmotile parasites Form spores Example:-
Plasmodium vivax causes malaria
Infected female Anopheles mosquito
Cells bursts, high fever and severe chills

11. Malaria

12. Plant-like Protists
Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight.

13. Euglenophytes: Euglena
Chloroplast
Carbohydrate storage bodies
Gullet
Pellicle
Contractile vacuole
Flagella
Eyespot
Nucleus
Unicellular
Moves by flagella
Heterotrophic or autotrophic

14. Diatoms
Produce cell walls rich in silica (Si – the main ingredient in glass)

15. Dinoflagellates
Half are photosynthetic and the other half are heterotrophic
Warm surface waters cause “blooms”
Red tide can paralyze humans
Many have luminescence

16. Plant-like Protists - Algae
Live in water and photosynthesize (produce much of the earth’s oxygen)
Named for the type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments they contain - Green, golden brown, brown, and red
Produce food that maintains communities in oceans and fresh water
Alternation of Generations
Many algae switch back and forth between the diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle

17. Red, Brown, and Green Algae
Red Algae:-
live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting light energy
contain chlorophyll a and reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins
Reflect red light
Important for coral reefs

18. Red, Brown, and Green Algae
Brown algae:-
contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin
Giant kelp: largest known algae

19. Red, Brown, and Green Algae
share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition
Unicellular- or Multi-cellular
Colonial

20. Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas
Colonial Green Algae Volvox
Unicellular Green Algae Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas
Filamentous Green Algae Spirogira
Multicellular Green Algae

21. Fungus-like Protists Lack chlorophyll
Decomposers: absorb dead and decaying organic matter
Not classified as true fungi as they do not contain chitin their cell walls.
Examples:-
Slime molds are fungus-like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material
Water molds thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land.

22. Role of Protists Serve as food in aquatic food chains
Phytoplankton carry out more than 70% of Earth’s photosynthesis.
Protozoans are predators of bacteria.
Algae (seaweed) are used in food products: wrap sushi, added as thickener and flavor enhancer to milk shakes, ice cream, soups, puddings, cake frostings
Diatoms are used in insulation, filters, detergents, abrasives, and as polishing agents in toothpaste