1. Chapter 16 Your Body Systems Lesson 1 Your Skeletal System
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2. A body system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue
skeletal system
A body system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue
marrow
Soft tissue in the center of some bones
Click to reveal the definitions.
joint
The point at which two bones meet

3. Strong flexible, gel-like tissue that cushions your joints cartilage
Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones
tendons
Click to reveal the definitions.
ligaments
Cord-like tissues that connect the bones in each joint

4. In this lesson, you will learn to
explain the functions of the skeletal system.
identify four types of joints.
list some problems of the skeletal system.

5. Your Body’s Framework
The skeletal system helps you stand up and works with your muscles to help you walk, run, jump, bend, lift, and carry.
skeletal system A body system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue
When a tall building is constructed, the steel beams go up first. Without this framework, the building could not stand. The same is true of your skeletal system.

6. The skeletal system includes many bones that support the body and protect the organs.

7. The backbone, or spinal column, consists of 24 separate bones called vertebrae.
The vertebrae enables you to bend your back in several directions. The spinal column forms curves, as shown in this side view.

8. Functions of Your Skeletal System
Skeletal System Functions
The skeletal system provides a strong, stable framework capable of movement.
The skeletal system supports and protects delicate internal organs.
The 206 bones that make up your skeleton are living structures.
Bones store important minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
Bones produce the body’s blood cells.

9. Functions of Your Skeletal System
Red bone marrow makes millions of blood cells each day.
marrow Soft tissue in the center of some bones

10. Joints
Some joints do not move. Others move only slightly, and others allow a wide range of movement.
joint The point at which two bones meet
An example of joints that do not move are the ones between the bones of the skull.

11. Ball-and-Socket Joints
Hinge Joints
Gliding Joints
Types of Mobile Joints
Mobile joints allow a wide range of movement.
Hinge joints:
These joints allow movement in one direction. Knees and elbows are hinge joints.
Gliding joints:
Gliding joints help bones slide over one another without twisting. Examples include wrist and ankle joints, and connective bones below the neck in the collarbone.
Pivot joints:
These joints allow movement with limited rotation. A pivot joint is found between the neck and the head.
Ball-and-socket joints:
These joints allow complete rotations, making it possible for bones to move in all directions. Your hips and shoulders are examples of ball-and-socket joints.
Ball-and-Socket Joints
Pivot Joints

12. Types of Joints Fixed joint Pivot Joint Allows little movement:
Ex. joints of the bones in your skull
Pivot Joint
One bone rotates around another bone:
Ex. turning your head; rotating your wrist
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13. Ball-and-socket joint
The ball end of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone.
Ex: Shoulder or hip joint
Hinge joint
Back and forth
These joints allow movement in one direction.
Ex: knee or elbow joint

14. One part of a bone slides over another bone.
Gliding joint
One part of a bone slides over another bone.
Ex: Bones of wrist or ankle
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

15. Connective Tissue
At joints where movement occurs, the bone surfaces are coated with smooth, slippery cartilage.
cartilage A strong flexible, gel-like tissue that cushions your joints
Cartilage reduces friction during movement and is especially important in your shoulders, elbows, and knees.

16. Tendons are another type of connective tissue.
tendons Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones
Your Achilles tendon is located on the back of your leg just above your heel.
A large tendon that you can easily feel is your Achilles tendon.

17. Ligaments help hold bones in place.
Connective Tissue
Ligaments help hold bones in place.
ligaments Cord-like tissues that connect the bones in each joint

18. Problems of the Skeletal System
Skeletal Problem
Description
Fracture
A break in the bone caused by an injury
Dislocation
When a bone is pushed out of its joint
Sprain
Stretching or twisting of ligaments in a joint
Overuse Injury
An injury that happens over time, especially in sports
Scoliosis
A disorder in which the spine curves to one side of the body
Osteoporosis
A condition characterized by brittle bones
Injuries, infections, poor posture, and a lack of nutritious foods can cause some of the following problems in the skeletal system.
Fracture:
Results in swelling and sometimes extreme pain
Dislocation:
This injury can cause extreme pain, and usually occurs when stretching or tearing a ligament.
Sprain:
Can be treated using the P.R.I.C.E. formula.
Overuse injury:
A shin splint, common among runners and aggressive walkers, is an example of an overuse injury.
Scoliosis:
The spine appears to have a slight S- or C-shaped curve. It is usually painless, but can cause back pain and difficulty breathing. In most cases the cause is unknown.
Osteoporosis:
Develops because of long-term calcium and hormone deficiencies, insufficient vitamin D, and lack of exercise.

19. What I Learned Vocabulary What are joints? Name four types.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Vocabulary What are joints? Name four types.
the point at which two bones meet; hinge, gliding, pivot, ball-and-socket

20. What I Learned List Name three functions of the skeletal system.
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
List Name three functions of the skeletal system.
Any three: support body, allow movement, protect internal organs, produce blood cells, store minerals

21. What I Learned Identify What are two problems of the skeletal system?
Lesson 1 Review
What I Learned
Identify What are two problems of the skeletal system?
Any two: fractures, torn ligaments, overuse injuries, dislocations, back injuries, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis

22. label the left side of the skeleton in this order
Ocular Orbit (eye socket)
Maxilla (upper jaw)
Mandible (lower jaw)
Scapula (shoulder blade)
Sternum (breastbone)
Xihpoid Process (tip of breastbone)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12 attached to ribs)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5 in lower back)
Illium (hipbone)
Ischium (butt bone)
Femur (thigh bone)
Patella (knee cap)
Tarsals (ankle bones)
Metatarsals (sole of foot)
Phalanges (toes)
Calcaneus (heel bone)
label the left side of the skeleton in this order

23. label the right side of the skeleton in this order
Cranium (skull)
Frontal (forehead)
Nasal (nose)
Cervical Vertebrae (6 in neck)
Clavicle (collar bone)
Ribs
Humerus (upper arm)
Radius (closest to thumb)
Ulna (closest to little finger)
Carpals (wrist bones)
Metacarpals (palm of hand)
Phalanges (fingers)
Sacrum (fused vertebrae in lower back)
Coccyx (tailbone)
Fibula (outer calf)
Tibia (shin bone)
© 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

24. Are you sure you've got it?
Let’s Practice
Are you sure you've got it?

25. Dem Crazy Bones Project
Here’s What You’ll Need to Create this Project:
11 x 14 Construction paper
Bones Template
Scissors
Markers, Colored Pencils
Glue stick