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Final Review Sec 4 History
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Chapter 1: Population and Settlement
First Occupants Organization and settlement of the territory Chart of Iroquois, Algonquian, Inuit Asian Migration Theory BCE Migration via the Bering Strait Nomadic vs. Sedentary BCE Oldest traces of human occupation in Quebec Settlement of North Eastern America Fishing, hunting, gathering and farming Cartier, Roberval, Champlain Disease and war
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French Regime Settlement, measures taken by the state to settle the colony between 1666 and 1672 Results of policies encouraging immigration and large families implemented by the state Natural growth of the population Effects of the presence of the French on the Amerindian population and territory Territory possessed by France in 1663 and after the Treaty of Utrecht The seigneurial system
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1608 Founding of Quebec 1627 Company of 100 Associates 1634 Founding of Trois Rivieres 1642 Founding of Ville-Marie 1666 First census 1709 Legalization of slavery in New France 1755 Deportation of the Acadians 1759 Capture of Quebec
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British Regime population after the Treaty of Paris (1763), Constitutional Act (1791) and Act of Union (1840) Population growth in Quebec during the second half of the 18th century Reasons for immigration, conditions that promoted immigration, places where immigrants settled Factors underlying the immigration of Loyalists, places where Loyalists settled Factors underlying the emigration of French Canadians to the United States beginning in 1830
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Places where French Canadian migrants settled beginning in 1830
Effects of British immigrants on the colony Composition of the population of Montréal around 1845 Effects of British and Loyalist immigration in the colony Regions that were settled by migrants from overcrowded areas in Lower Canada Amerindian population in the St. Lawrence Valley around 1800 Effects of the arrival of immigrants and French-Canadian migrants on the Amerindian population during the first half of the 19th century
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1760 Capitulation of Montreal
Military regime 1763 Treaty of Paris 1763 Royal Proclamation 1763 Instructions to Murray 1776 American Declaration of Independence 1783 Treaty of Paris (version 2) 1830 Agricultural crisis 1833 abolition of slavery in the British Empire 1847 Famine in Ireland
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Contemporary Period Policies to promote immigration
Increase of the urban population Colonization of New Regions Emigration to the United States and the West Relations with the Native population Composition of the population
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1867 BNA Act (British North America)
1876 Indian Act 1885 Smallpox epidemic in Montreal 1885 Completion of the Canadian Pacific Rail (CP Rail) 1918 Spanish flu epidemic 1945 beginning of Baby Boom and Urban Sprawl 1968 establishment of the Ministere de l’Immigration du Quebec
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Chapter 2: Economy and Development
First Occupants (FISH, FUR) Trade Network Organization and occupation of the territory (CHART) European fishing grounds 1534 Cartier at Gaspe 1601 Founding of Tadoussac
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Political representation
Iroquoian Algonquian Inuktitut (Inuit) Way of Life Semi-sedentary Nomadic Dwelling Longhouse on fertile soil in a village Wigwam in small groups Summer = near water Winter = inland Summer = Animal hide tent Winter = Igloo Kinship Matriarchal Patriarchal Social organization Clan Village Nation Confederation Nuclear family Hunting group The band Regional band Political representation Exercise of power Civil chief Council War chief Band chief
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Alliances and rivalries Mercantilism
French Regime (FISH, FUR, FARM) Alliances and rivalries Mercantilism Triangular trade, territories and products Chartered companies Economy based on fur Organization and occupation of the territory Measures taken by Intendants: Talon, Bégon and Hocquart to diversify the colony’s economy Agricultural activity
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1618 memoire a Louis XIII by Champlain
1663 acquisition of Montreal by the Sulpicians 1670 Hudson’s Bay Company 1674 Dutch West India Company 1690’s Beaver crisis 1701 Founding of Louisiana (Biloxi) 1732 the royal shipyards 1737 the chemin du roy (roi)
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Economy based on Timber Economic policies
British Regime (FUR, FOREST) Economy based on fur Economy based on Timber Economic policies Protectionism, free trade and their effects on the colony Opening of regions of colonization Problems related to agriculture in Lower Canada in the 1830s Beginning of industrialization 1777 introduction of English commercial law 1783 Northwest Company
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1806 Continental blockade (Napoleon)
1817 Bank of Montreal 1824 Lachine Canal 1836 First railway 1846 abolition of the Corn Laws 1851 Grand Trunk Railway 1854 Treaty of Reciprocity
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First phase industrialization Living and working conditions Unions
Contemporary Period National Policy First phase industrialization Living and working conditions Unions Protectionist Tariff policy Second phase industrialization Pulp and paper, hydroelectricity, mining Industry during WWII Tertiary sector MEQ = CEGEP OPEC, NAFTA, CUSFTA
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1879 – National Policy – Royal commission on Relations of Labour and Capital 1900 – Caisse Populaire – Great Depression 1934 – Bank of Canada 1962 – proposal to nationalize hydroelectricity in Quebec 1975 – James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement NAFTA
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Chapter 3: Culture and Currents of Thought
First occupants Respect nature Chief – eloquence Reciprocal relations generosity Animism Communication Dreams and smoke Shaman to interpret the dreams Integrated European objects Weapons, domestic animals, clothing
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Wood houses transformed into permanent stone houses Absolutism
French Regime Wood houses transformed into permanent stone houses Absolutism Catholicism Gallicanism Evangelization Recollets, Jesuits, Ursulines, Sulpicians Destruction of Huronia Catholic Church Education, Hospital, Social life
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1610 – publication of La Conversion des Sauvages
1663 – Seminarie de Quebec 1690 – construction of intendant’s palace 1702 – publication of Catechisme du diocese de Quebec
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British Rule Act of Union Imperialism Liberalism ultramontanism Anticlericalism Nationalism Republicanism Habeas Corpus Education Laws College Authors, newspapers, debates
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1778 – The Gazette 1834 – Societe Saint-Jean-Baptiste 1841 – School Act 1845 – Publication of Histoire du Canada 1863 – Publication of Les Anciens Canadiens
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Aboriginalism imperialism capitalism Socialism Reformism conservatism
Contemporary Period Aboriginalism imperialism capitalism Socialism Reformism conservatism agriculturism Nationalism Survival
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secularism cooperatism Fascism communism feminism Americanism Neoliberalism Arts Education State intervention Identity
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1888 – Minister of agriculture and colonization
1890 – Sun Life building 1945 – publication of Bonheur d’occasion publication of Refus global manifesto 1950 – cite libre 1978 – first production of the play “Les fees ont soif”
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Chapter 4: Official Power and Countervailing Powers
French Regime Power held by King Royal Administration Sovereign council (Governor General and Intendant) Exercised legislative, executive and judicial powers Showed power by controlling… Army, punishment and public demonstrations of power Allies Natives (both sides agreed to make compromises) Church gained privileges Social Hierarchy Nobles showed loyalty to gain privileges Peasants had no political rights
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1663 – Royal Government 1665 – Jean Talon 1672 – Governor Frontenac 1674 – Bishop Monseigneur de Laval 1701 – Great Peace of Montreal 1713 – Treaty of Utrecht 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham
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British Rule 1760-1763 1763-1791 1791-1840 Military Government
Royal Proclamation Influence through newspapers, petitions and associations Support needed from: Natives, Canadien nobility and Catholic clergy Bourgeoisie and merchants joined together for an elected Legislative Assembly Constitutional Act (Legislative Assembly ) Poor and married women can’t vote Ministers came from Bourgeoisie class Governor, Legislative and Executive councils could oppose Legislative Assembly
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Lafontaine and Baldwin = Reformist alliance
(Continued) Parti Canadien Parti Patriote (more radical) 92 Resolutions Rebellions Durham Report United Canada (1840) Act of Union Lafontaine and Baldwin = Reformist alliance 1848 – Responsible Government Government dominated by Bourgeoisie class Christian Churches in charge of education and training the population 1867 – Dominion of Canada = BNA Act
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1760-63 – Military Government
1763 – Pontiac’s revolt 1774 – Quebec Act 1791 – Constitutional Act 1832 – Jewish persons to have all rights and privileges as other subjects of His majesty in this Province – Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada 1839 – Durham Report 1840 – Act of Union 1848 – Responsible Government 1849 – Burning of parliament building in Montreal
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Contemporary Period 1867 - 1929 Canadian Federation
Federal and provincial governments negotiations Expansion of territory Métis uprising (Louis Riel) Indian Act Natives to live on Reserved land Unions for workers rights Feminism movement Right to vote (1918 and 1940)
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1930 - 1960 1960 – present Great Depression Conscription
State Intervention Conscription Duplessis Government 1960 – present Quiet Revolution Quebec Charter of Human Rights Feminism, linguistic, aboriginals Separatist movement Referendum 1980 and 1995
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1867 – BNA Act 1885 – Hanging of Louis Riel – Boer War in South Africa 1917 – Conscription Crisis 1918 – Women can vote federally 1940 – Women can vote in Quebec 1942 – creation of the Bloc Populaire 1967 – Mouvement souverainete-association 1970 – October Crisis 1971 – Victoria Conference 1975 – James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 1977 – Bill 101 1980 – First Referendum 1995 – Second Referendum
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