1. II. Egypt

2. 2nd major civilization to develop
“Gift of the Nile” – Egypt’s nickname
Nile River is the longest river in the world stretching 4100 miles
Nile flooded yearly like clockwork and it left behind rich deposits of black mud

5. Modern Day Nile River

6. Regular flooding created repeated patterns
Plant
Harvest

7. A. Pharaohs Rule as Gods
Pharaohs – Egyptian king-gods who headed both government and religion
Egyptians worshiped kings like gods
Theocracy – Government controlled by religious leaders

8. B. Pyramids Great tombs built for pharaohs and queens
Built without the aid of wheels
Believed in a life after death
Ka – Eternal spirit inside pharaohs that lived forever and continued to take part in government

9. Great Pyramids of Giza – Most famous example of pyramids near Cairo, Egypt
King Tutankamen – Famous death mask found in his pyramid

10. Great Pyramid of Giza

14. View at Night

15. King Tut
                           

19. Egyptian coffins

20. C. Egyptian Religion
One of the first religions to believe in an afterlife
Polytheistic – Believe in many gods
Mummification – Embalming and drying the corpse to prevent it from decaying
Osiris – God of the Dead who weighed a person’s heart to determine their fate

22. 4000 Year Old Egyptian Mummy
                           

23. D. Egyptian Achievements
1) Egyptian writing
Hieroglyphics – Egyptian form of writing where pictures stand for ideas
Papyrus – Reeds made into paper

28. Egyptian symbol known as the ankh
Represents either life or “eternal life”

29. The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 A.D.
The Rosetta Stone can be viewed by tourists today in the British Museum.

30. Library of Alexandria

31. 2) Math
Created an early form of geometry
Used advanced math to build the pyramids

32. Great Sphinx

33. 3) Developed a calendar
Farmers needed a way to track time between floods and harvest
Created a calendar with 12 months and 365 days
Only 6 hours short of modern calendars

34. 4) Medicine
Studied medicine in a scientific way
Knew how to check a person’s heart rate
Set broken bones with splints
Used surgery to treat some conditions