1. religion

2. Wednesday, oct. 19
Religion has a significant influence on the people’s of a region and/or culture. Religion guides our morals, values, traditions, dress, etc. As you have learned in your world history classes and foreign language classes, there are several types of religions in addition to a few major philosophies. In this activity, you will revisit Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism by looking at and analyzing proverbs. Please complete the activity with your elbow partner.
Lunar New Year: TurnT Up!

3. RELIGION ROTATION
Directions: Please get back into your groups from yesterday. Use computers and/or cell phones to complete your religion assignment. Share & discuss with your group!

4. Christianity Origin and Diffusion What are the 3 branches?
Palestine (modern Israel)
Universalizing Religion
What are the branches?
Branches
Roman Catholic
Protestant
Eastern Orthodox

5. Christianity Basic Precepts Belief in One God
Father, Son & Holy Spirit
Covenant (contract) with God
New Testament - salvation to those who believe in Jesus Christ and his teachings
Salvation is by grace or belief not works
Believers to to heaven with everlasting life
Conversion of others

6. Islam Origin and Diffusion Branches Mecca, Muhammad
Universalizing Religion
Branches
Sunni (majority)
Shiite

7. Islam Basic Precepts 5 Pillars of Faith
Submission to the will of God (Allah)
Lineage - Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed (different lineage)
Holy Book - Koran - built on Old Testament
Five (5) pillars of faith
5 Pillars of Faith
Creed “There is no God but Allah”
Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
Giving to the poor
Month of Rammadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca

8. Buddhism Basic Precepts Buddha - the enlightened one 4 noble truths
Nirvana - highest degree of consciousness
4 noble truths
Life involves suffering
Cause of suffering is desire
Extinguish desire
Nirvana reached through 8 fold path

9. Hinduism Origin & Diffusion - unknown Other Characteristics:
Collection of scriptures 1500BC - 500AD
Not widely diffused
Almost exclusive to India
Other Characteristics:
Ethnic religion almost exclusively in India
Oldest religion in Asia (1500 B.C)
No authority or holy book (ancient scriptures)
Polytheistic (perceived)
Numerous Gods (Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer), Shakti (mother god)
Yet one reality - Brahman - one God

10. Judaism
Monotheistic
God protects people but also holds them accountable
People serve god by studying the Torah and living by its teachings
Rituals:
Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah
At age 13, they enter the adult religious community
Leaders: Rabbis
Holy Books: Torah
Deity/God: Yahweh

11. Diffusion of Religions
Universalizing Religions
Ethnic Religions
Universalizing religions tend to diffuse from single, specific hearths and spread through a combination of relocation, hierarchical and contagious diffusion.
Ethnic religions are often tied to the physical landscape and seasons of a hearth and so remain highly clustered in the hearth region.

12. Diffusion of Christianity
Relocation
Contagious
Hierarchical
In 1st century AD Paul of Tarsus and other missionaries began spreading Christianity along the Roman Empire’s protected sea and road routes.
While missionaries moved from city to city, the converts they left behind after establishing churches spread Christianity within the Roman empire through contagious diffusion in their communities.
Christianities survival was set through hierarchical diffusion when the Roman Emperor Constantine converted in 313 CE. His successor, Theodosius then proclaimed it the official religion of the empire in 380.
Diffusion continued for centuries in a blend of the three methods. It diffused into Eastern Europe through the conversion of various kings.
After 1500 it diffused with English colonialism into the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and Africa.
In those places, various indigenous groups converted or intermarried.
The branch of Christianity that dominates in a place reflects the branch of the Christians who colonized or later migrated there.

13. Diffusion of Islam
Relocation diffusion: Muhammad’s Hijrah from Mecca to Medina
Hierarchical Diffusion: Muhammad’s defeat of Mecca
Contagious Diffusion: conversions from person to person.

14. Diffusion of Buddhism Relocation Diffusion:
In 257BCE, Asoka, the emperor of the Magadhan empire, converted to Buddhism and declared his empire as Buddhist.
Relocation Diffusion:
Asoka also sent Buddhist missionaries to neighboring territories… Sri Lanka, Kashmir, the Himalayas, Burma, and elsewhere in India.
In the first century AD, Buddhist merchants moved along trading routes and introduced Buddhism to China. Widespread conversions began there in the 4th century.

15. Diffusion of Ethnic Religions
East and
Southeast Asian
Religions
African Religions
The universalizing religion my supplant the local, ethnic religion or mingle with it.
In some parts of Africa, Christianity dominates and reflects the colonizers branch (Catholicism in Guinea from the Spanish, Lutheran in Namibia from the Germans).
In other places, through syncretism, Christianity incorporates ritual aspects of the local ethnic religions.
In East and Southeast Asia, Buddhism has spread and mingled with local ethnic religions.
In Japan, the Shinto first resisted the spread of Buddhism, then embraced it. Through syncretism, Buddhist monks took over the management of Shinto shrines and Buddhist deities were incorporated into the Shinto Pantheon.
Christianity and Islam are exclusive religions that require singular adherence to them and them alone.
Many ethnic religions (and Buddhism) are non-exclusive religions so adherents can practice aspects of multiple religions.

16. Diffusion of Judaism (an exception)
Despite its status as an ethnic religion and despite its close ties to the place and seasons of historic Israel, Judaism has diffused widely over the world. (see world map)
World map of Judaism
After Romans burned the temple in 70AD, many Jews migrated in a movement called the diaspora to Europe, Northern Africa and Asia.
Jews lived among other nationalities, often as guest populations without official citizenship. They lived in isolated communities (ghettos) and retained their religious practices while sometimes adopting cultural practices of their hosts.
As a result of the holocaust at the hands of the Nazis in the 1930s and 40s, many Jews left Europe and spread to the Americas.

19. Religion has both a cultural and political impact across the globe
Define universalizing religions. Explain how this term contributes to different denominations and branches within a religion.
Name ONE ethnic religion and explain how this religion diffused across the globe.
Explain how the cultural landscape is affected by the transculturation (merging) of religions.