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ROOTS OF JUDAISM.

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Presentation on theme: "ROOTS OF JUDAISM."— Presentation transcript:

1 ROOTS OF JUDAISM

2 Many Theories All have their critics

3 Habiru (Hittite) Apiru (Egyptian)
They live in tents, travel about as they will, not abiding by my kings laws. They rob and plunder villages, they are outlaws and mercenaries for your enemies. When will my Pharaoh do something about them? - appointed Egyptian governor of Mesopotamia Amarna Letters

4 Why Scholars Connect Israel with the Shasu

5 Why Scholars Connect Israel with the Shasu
Three main reasons: Yhw is similar to Yahweh (יהוה), the covenant name of God in Judaism Both groups came from Canaan and migrated to Egypt Association of Yahweh with Seir (Shasu S’rr)

6 Abraham Moved to Northern Mesopotamia escaping Babylonian Empire rule?
Born in Ur – Southern Mesopotamia Moved to Northern Mesopotamia escaping Babylonian Empire rule?

7 Monotheist or Henotheist?
Abraham Monotheist or Henotheist? Psalm 82:1 - "God standeth in the congregation of the mighty [the hall of Canaanite pantheon]; he judgeth among the gods...“ Is Psalm saying there is more gods than one? We do know that the Levant (Canaan) was a Polytheistic world…Abrams father was a Polytheist

8 Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions
The break from other Canaanite religions and a common practice of sacrificing the first born for the good of the tribe/ family.

9 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Hagar - Ishmael

10 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Hebrews Hagar - Ishmael

11 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Hebrews Moses – Mosaic Law Judaism Hagar - Ishmael

12 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD) Hagar - Ishmael

13 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD) Hagar - Ishmael

14 Father of 3 Major Religions
Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD) Hagar - Ishmael Muhammad Arab monotheist Islam (610 AD)

15 Moses - Exodus - Led Hebrews out of Egyptian Slavery

16 Moses - Exodus - Turned the River to Blood
Took food, gold, goods from Egyptians as they left Egypt Chased by military to Red Sea (or sea of reeds) Torah at Mt. Sinai

17 Moses - Exodus - G-d gave Moses the TORAH
Led Hebrews out of Egyptian Slavery G-d gave Moses the TORAH First five books of the Bible 10 Commandments

18 Early Israelite Government Tribal Judges were ineffective when they were confronted with enemies with more centralized Governments The Hebrew tribes began agitating for a king. Samuel (a well known Judge) formally anointed this new king… King Saul seems to have been largely a military leader. There are no accounts of him exercising monarchical power outside of military exploits. The Hebrews, after all, were still tribal people, so the transition to a monarchy was slow.

19 King David United the Hebrew Tribes into a single Nation

20 Solomon David’s Son Built the first Temple
Treaties with Assyrians and Egyptians

21 Solomon Dies North Tribes of Israel Conquered by Assyrians
Killed, Relocated, Assimilated?

22 South – Babylonian Exile
Solomon Dies North Tribes of Israel Conquered by Assyrians Killed, Relocated, Assimilated? South – Babylonian Exile Tribes of Judah conquered by Nebuchadnezzar Become known as “Jews” 589 BCE - Nebuchadnezzar, the king of the Babylonian Chaldeans, only deported the most prominent citizens of Judah: professionals, priests, craftsmen, and the wealthy. The "people of the land" (am-hares ) were allowed to stay. So Jewish history, then, has two poles during the exile: the Jew in Babylon and the Jews who remain in Judah.

23 Babylonian Exile Hebrew Bible was organized onto scrolls
An oral history was preserved and would come to shape the western world

24 Persians conquer Babylon
Jews set free of the Babylonian Exile Persians seen as Liberators – Illusion of freedom – Just pay your taxes!

25 Survival of a People - Culture
Egyptian slavery 400 years 10 lost Tribes of Israel - Destruction by the Assyrians Babylonian Exile - Slavery Seleucid Empire - Hellenization was enforced by law (167 BCE) Destruction of the Temple and Diaspora from Jerusalem (70 CE) Middle Ages – “Christ killers” – Middle Ages - led to massacres and forced conversion Expulsion from Europe (to Poland) ’s and 1400 Black Death persecutions Anti-Semitism by Muslim and Arab Nazis and the Holocaust Pogroms - Czarist Russia – Pale of Settlement God on Trial – “We’re still here”

26 Moses

27 Impact of Judaism and Jewish Culture
Monotheism Bible: Tanakh - Old Testament Abraham: Three world religions Cultural Values and Civil law Educational Values: Jews make up only 0.2% of the world population, yet comprise 23% of Nobel laureates

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