1. HUNGARY
1956

2. Who was Hungary led by up to 1956?
RAKOSI: A HARD-LINE COMMUNIST

3. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?

4. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.

5. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.

6. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.
Education did not teach Hungarian history.

7. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.
Education did not teach Hungarian history.
No freedom of speech.

8. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.
Education did not teach Hungarian history.
The Hungarians had to pay for troops to be present on the streets which they didn't even want.
No freedom of speech.

9. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.
Education did not teach Hungarian history.
The Hungarians had to pay for troops to be present on the streets which they didn't even want.
Street signs, schools, shops were all Russian.
No freedom of speech.

10. What was life like for hungarians under soviet rule?
The secret police terrorised and tortured their opponents.
Every aspect of life was controlled: media, theatre, art, music etc.
Hungarians had belonged to the Austro-Hungarian empire so they were very proud people. This made it very difficult for them to accept Soviet rule.
Education did not teach Hungarian history.
The Hungarians had to pay for troops to be present on the streets which they didn't even want.
Street signs, schools, shops were all Russian.
No freedom of speech.

11. What was it that made the Hungarian's so ANGRY?

12. What was it that made the Hungarian's so ANGRY?
Low standard of living (food shortages)

13. What was it that made the Hungarian's so ANGRY?
Low standard of living (food shortages)
Workers became frustrated as they watched the goods they manufactured get sent to the USSR.

14. What was it that made the Hungarian's so ANGRY?
Low standard of living (food shortages)
Workers became frustrated as they watched the goods they manufactured get sent to the USSR.
Rigged elections: only 20% had voted for a communist government in 1945.

15. What was it that made the Hungarian's so ANGRY?
Laszlo Rajk
Cardinal Joseph Mindszenty
Famously spoke out against the Nazi regime and Hungarian fascists.
Opposed communism.
Was found guilty of treason and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Foreign Secretary
Rakosi’s main rival of power
Found guilty of plotting to kill Rakosi and executed.

16. Stalin's death 1953
How did this affect Hungary?

17. AFTER Stalin's death
What happened to the leadership?

18. As living standards fell, Rakosi’s government became increasingly unpopular.
AFTER Stalin's death
What happened to the leadership?

19. Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
As living standards fell, Rakosi’s government became increasingly unpopular.
Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
AFTER Stalin's death
What happened to the leadership?

20. Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
As living standards fell, Rakosi’s government became increasingly unpopular.
Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
Nagy gave freedom of press, encouraged open discussions on political and economic reform, talked about holding free elections and withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact.
Stalin's death 1953
What happened to the leadership?

21. Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
As living standards fell, Rakosi’s government became increasingly unpopular.
Rakosi was replaced with Imre Nagy.
Rakosi led a hate campaign against Nagy and blamed him for the economic problems in Hungary. Rakosi replaced Nagy in 1955.
Nagy gave freedom of press, encouraged open discussions on political and economic reform, talked about holding free elections and withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact.
What happened to the leadership?

22. AFTER Stalin's death
Khrushchev’s Speech

23. He denounced the policies of Stalin.
AFTER Stalin's death
He denounced the policies of Stalin.
Khrushchev’s Speech

24. He denounced the policies of Stalin.
AFTER Stalin's death
He denounced the policies of Stalin.
He called the execution of Laszlo Rajk a miscarriage of justice.
Khrushchev’s Speech

25. He denounced the policies of Stalin.
AFTER Stalin's death
He denounced the policies of Stalin.
He called the execution of Laszlo Rajk a miscarriage of justice.
Replaced Rakosi with Erno Gero. Nagy was also reinstated.
Khrushchev’s Speech

26. What gave hope to hungarians?

27. What gave hope to hungarians?

28. What gave hope to hungarians?

29. What gave hope to hungarians?

30. What gave hope to hungarians?

31. What gave hope to hungarians?

32. Protests
“Russians go home!”
“Long live Nagy!”

33. Protests
Soviet tanks opened fire on protesters on 25th October and Gero was soon replaced by Kadar.
“Russians go home!”
“Long live Nagy!”

34. What did nagy do?

35. What did nagy do?
Took leadership

36. Intends to abolish the one-party state
What did nagy do?
Took leadership
Intends to abolish the one-party state

37. Intends to abolish the one-party state Will free political prisoners
What did nagy do?
Took leadership
Intends to abolish the one-party state
Will free political prisoners

38. Intends to abolish the one-party state
What did nagy do?
Took leadership
Intends to abolish the one-party state
Will free political prisoners
Will leave the Warsaw Pact

39. Intends to abolish the one-party state
What did nagy do?
Took leadership
Intends to abolish the one-party state
Now he’s gone too far!
Will free political prisoners
Will leave the Warsaw Pact

40. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army

41. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
WHY???
With your partner write down as many reasons you can think of.

42. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
WHY???

43. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
Avoid losing other satellite states
WHY???

44. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
Avoid losing other satellite states
Acting under China’s advice
WHY???

45. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
Avoid losing other satellite states
Acting under China’s advice
WHY???
Western powers unlikely to get involved due to Suez Crisis

46. 4th November 1956: The Soviets sent in the red army
Avoid losing other satellite states
Acting under China’s advice
WHY???
Khrushchev had been deeply criticised for criticising Stalin, his own position was under threat.
Western powers unlikely to get involved due to Suez Crisis

47. Kadar was appointed leader under communist control
Nagy and his associates were executed

48. Eastern states opinion of the USSR Eastern states desire to revolt
What DO YOU THINK WOULD BE THE EFFECT OF THE SOVIET INVASION ON THE FOLLOWING THINGS?
Eastern states opinion of the USSR
Eastern states desire to revolt
Tensions between east and west
Eastern Europe’s view of the Truman doctrine
The UN