1. What were the causes, events and results of the Hungarian Uprising?
C – I can describe the causes, events and results of the Hungarian uprising.
B – I can explain the causes, events and results of the Hungarian uprising
A – I can explain, link and prioritise the causes, events and results of the Hungarian uprising

3. What were the reasons for the Hungarian uprising?
Hungary had been occupied by the Soviet Union as they drove back Nazi forces in 1944.
The Soviet Union took control of Hungary by ignoring the result of democratic elections.
Communists ran the Hungarian security police and arrested members of the popular Smallholders’ Party and National Peasant Party.
The Communists seized control of Hungary under the leadership of Matyas Rakosi.
Rakosi was dictator and Hungary joined the Cominform.

4. What were the reasons for the Hungarian uprising?
Rakosi’s rule was brutal – he is estimated to have killed 2000 opponents and imprisoning 200,000, using the AVH – his secret police.
Religious teaching in school was stopped and the Catholic bishop jailed for life.
Hungary’s economy was controlled by the Comecon and had to trade on uneven terms – often not receiving a fair price for its exports.
Living standards of Hungarian people got worse, and agricultural output fell.
People were Hungary and angry with Rakosi and the Communist government.

5. What were the reasons for the Hungarian uprising?
After Stalin’s death in 1953 Rakosi was replaced with Nagy. However, Rakosi returned to power in 1955.
Rakosi was forced out of power in 1956 and replaced by Gero. Some of Rakosi’s victims were re-buried.
Students demonstrated in Budapest for free elections, free press and the withdrawal of Soviet troops. A statue of Stalin was toppled and dragged through the streets.

6. What were the events of the uprising?
The Soviet Leader, Khrushchev, sent Soviet troops to Budapest to deal with the protestors. Tanks killed 12 and wounded more than 100.
Gero was forced to resign and Nagy returned as Prime Minister.
Nagy negotiated the withdrawal of Soviet troops.

7. What were the events of the uprising?
Comments by US Secretary of State John Dulles gave the Hungarians hope of support ‘you can count on us’. However, President Eisenhower did not want to commit.
Nagy issued a list of reforms, released political prisoners including the Catholic Bishop, and announced Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact.
Nagy asked the UN for support.

8. What were the events of the uprising?
Krushchev decided enough was enough. Under pressure from Chairman Mao in China, Krushchev sent 200,000 Soviet troops back into Hungary in November 1956.
The Hungarians fought a ‘rebel’, guerrilla war against the Soviets until the middle of 1957, but were no real match for the Soviets.
The World’s attention was on the Suez crisis and the Soviet Union were allowed to crush the uprising.
Hungary’s new leader promised Nagy safe passage out the country, but this was a lie and Nagy was captured and murdered.

9. What were the results of the uprising?
Thousands died on both sides, mainly Hungarians.
Khrushchev kept control of Hungary.
Thousands fled Hungary as refugees – many to Britain.
A message was sent to other Soviet ‘satellite states’ – don’t even think of breaking away!
Khrushchev’s messages of peace to the West came to be seen as a sham.

10. Exam Questions
Describe one decision taken by Imre Nagy when he was prime minister of Hungary. (2 marks, 2 minutes, POINT, EXPLANATION)
Briefly explain the key features of the Hungarian Uprising of (6 marks, 8 minutes, POINT, EXPLANATION X3)
Explain why relations between the USA and the Soviet Union worsened in the years 1948 – 56. (12 marks, 15 minutes, POINT, EXPLANATION, LINK X3, CONCLUSION)