1. Chapter 10
Jefferson Era

2. A New Party in Power Lesson 10.1
Election of 1800
Vote is Ties
Jefferson’s Inauguration
Jefferson as President
Judiciary Act of 1801
The Growing Power of the Supreme Court

3. Election of 1800
In the election Federalist had President Adams and Charles Pinkney for vice President
The Republicans wanted Vice President Thomas Jefferson to be president and Aaron Burr as his vice president
Candidates wrote letters to people and newspapers. They would attack each other in their letters to gain support for themselves
Remember that the Alien and Sedition Act hurt the Federalist

4. Vote is Tied
Remember 1st place vote becomes president, 2nd place becomes vice president.
Each elector got two votes. In the 1800 election, 73 electors voted for Jefferson and Burr without indicating which one would be president and which one would be vice president
There was a tie and the House of Representatives had to decide who would win, Jefferson won the tie break
After this, Congress passed the 12th Amendment in 1803, after that electors had a vote for president and one for vice president, specifically

5. Jefferson Inauguration
Jefferson wanted a smaller federal government and give his support for state governments

6. Jefferson as President
Judiciary Act of 1801
Growing Power of the Supreme Court

7. Judiciary Act of 1801
Federalist lost power in the election of 1800 (remember Alien Sedition Act)
They lose the presidency and majority in congress
After any election there are a couple of months of transition time. Elections are in November, but the new president/congress doesn’t start until March (1800s, now its January)
In that transition period, Federalist passed the Judiciary Act of making a bunch of new courts and assign federalist judges to them. They figure this is the only way to stay in power. These were called “midnight judges” because it was like Adams was up passed midnight making people judges, over 60 new ones

8. In order to become a judge you needed your “certificate”
In order to become a judge you needed your “certificate”. “Certificates” were being sent to all the judges to start. John Marshall- Secretary of State under Adams has the job of delivering these certificates. When Jefferson starts his presidency on March 4th a bunch of judges hadn’t received their certificates, including William Marbury.
Jefferson tells his new Secretary of State James Madison not to send the rest of the certificates.
Marbury sues. Marshall is no longer Secretary of State but now is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

9. 1803-Supreme Court decision-Marbury is right, he should be judge but the Court can’t force the president to give him his job because that would be unconstitutional. It also said since it saw this as unconstitutional, it had the job to see if any other laws passed would be constitutional or not, and if they are not, then those laws should be canceled- this is JUDICIAL REVIEW.
This power is used to check the other branches

10. 10.2 Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Territory belonged to Spain
From New Orleans to the Rocky Mountains
Americans allowed to sail the Mississippi River and trade in New Orleans

11. France has a revolution and emerged with a dictator, Napolean Bonaparte
Spain secretly agreed to give Louisiana to France
Jefferson felt France wanted to create an empire in France

12. Toussaint L’Ouverture, a slave in Haiti, started a rebellion and took over Haiti, a very influential island.
The French had to leave Haiti

13. France now needed money, they sold the whole Louisiana territory to the US for $15 million
It doubled the size of the US
Lewis and Clark and a group of men led an expedition to the new territory
Sacagawea was a Native American woman that guided the group

17. Federalist Plan to Secede
Federalist were worried about westward expansion because they would lose control.
Some wanted to secede, - leave the Union
They asked Burr the VP to help.
Hamilton accused Burr of treason and Burr challenged him to a duel
Hamilton died and Burr fled

18. 10.3 A Time of Conflict Ships began trading with China
Pirates from the Barbary States- North Africa demanded tribute- protection money to go through their waters
US paid but the price went up
Jefferson refused to pay
Pirates took the ship Philadelphia and threw the crew in jail
Stephen Decatur, sailed to Tripoli harbor and burned the ship so the pirates couldn’t use it

19. Pirates took the ship Philadelphia and threw the crew in jail
Stephen Decatur, sailed to Tripoli harbor and burned the ship so the pirates couldn’t use it

22. The war ended with a peace treaty
The war ended with a peace treaty. No more tribute but the US had to pay $60,000 for the release of the prisoners

23. Violating Neutral Rights
Jefferson won reeletion
England and France were at war
US wanted to remain neutral
Neutral rights- its ships could sail the seas and trade with both sides

24. British abuses neutral rights
British navy had terrible living conditions
A lot of sailors, deserted
Navy ships stopped American ships looking for deserters, impressed them and some Americans they thought were lying about being American and not British

25. British ship, Leopard stopped the American Chesapeake looking for deserters
Chesapeake refused, British opened fire, killing 3 crew members

26. More problems for American trade
Jefferson banned trade with Britain
Embargo Act
Embargo-prohibits trade with another country
It backfired, American businesses lost money. The Embargo Act was repealed

27. Election of 1808 Democrat Republicans- James Madison won the election
Federalist only had New England, which suffered most from the Embargo Act

28. France also began to seize and sell American ships
Many Americans wanted to go to war but did not know with who

29. In Ohio, settlers broke treaties and continued moving into Indian land
Natives asked the British for help
Tecumseh is the leader
He meets the Indiana governor, William Henry Harrison

30. Battle of Tippecanoe
Harrison defeated the natives, but Tecumseh was not there
Madison faced demands for war
Henry Clay of Kentucky and John Calhoun of South Carolina were war hawks
They wanted to increase military spending and the want to go to war to increase land
Nationalism- loyalty to their country- patriotism

31. These voices pushed America to war
England stopped seizing American ships but it was too late

32. Lesson 4: War of 1812
War hawks were happy to go to war but the army was small and not prepared
US underestimated the strength of the British and Native American allies

33. American forces attacked York (Toronto), burning the parliament
Tecumseh dies and British-native alliance comes to an end

34. 1814, British attacked Washington DC, troops burned everything, including the Capitol building and the White House
The troops left to Baltimore but the city was ready for them at Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key watched the bombing of Baltimore and saw the flag of the US still flying over the fort.
He wrote the “Star-Spangled Banner”

36. The American won the war in the battle of Plattsburgh

37. End of War
British and Americans met in Belgium to sign peace in December 1814
In January 1815, the news did not get to the US and the British attacked New Orleans even though the war was over
Andrew Jackson led US to victory

38. Federalist opposed to the war lost power and disappeared
War Hawks pushed a sense of patriotism after the win