1. Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases
Health Education Unit # 3 Lesson # 1

2. Communicable Diseases
Communicable Disease – A disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment.
Pathogen – An organism that causes disease.
Infection – A condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply and damage body cells.

3. Definitions of Pathogens Define the following terms on page 629 in your text:
Virus: Two of the most common communicable diseases – the cold and the flu – are caused by viruses.
A virus is a piece of genetic material
surrounded by a protein coat.
Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth.
Fungi: Plantlike organisms that cause
diseases of the lungs, the mucous
membranes and the skin.

4. Viral Infections Common cold Influenza Viral Pneumonia Polio
Mononucleosis
Measles
Viral meningitis
Chicken Pox
Rabies
Smallpox
West Nile Disease
Viral STD’s
Herpes
HIV
HPV

5. Bacterial Infections Bacterial food borne illness Strep Throat
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Lyme disease
Pinkeye
Bacterial pneumonia
Bacterial meningitis
Tetanus
STD’s
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Syphilis

6. Fungus Infectious
Athlete’s foot
Ringworm
Vaginal yeast infection

7. Communicable Diseases
Diseases by type of pathogen

8. VIRUSES
POLIO
Polio is a crippling and potentially fatal infectious disease. There is no cure, but there are safe and effective vaccines. In the late 1940s to the early 1950s, in the United States alone, polio crippled around 35,000 people each year making it one of the most feared diseases of the twentieth century. By 1979 the country became polio free. ~ CDC

9. Measles
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be very serious or even fatal. It begins with a fever that lasts for a couple of days, followed by a cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). A rash starts on the face and upper neck, spreads down the back and trunk, then extends to the arms and hands, as well as the legs and feet. After about five days, the rash fades in the same order it appeared.
~ Department of Health

10. BACTERIA
Strep Throat

11. LYME DISEASE

12. LYME DISEASE

13. PINKEYE

14. PINKEYE

15. FUNGI
Athlete’s Foot

16. RINGWORM

17. Parasites (Mosquitos/MALARIA
Nets In Dormitories

18. RICKETTSIAS
Typhus

19. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

20. How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted:
Direct Contact: You can pick up pathogens by direct contact with an infected person or animal: includes kissing, biting, sexual contact, sneezing and coughing. A pregnant woman may also transmit an infection to her unborn child through the placenta.

21. Indirect Contact:
Can be transmitted indirectly, without being close to an infected person. Example include:

22. Contaminated Objects:
Someone sneezes on the table, cold viruses can be transmitted to you if you touch the table, then you touch your mouth or nose.

23. How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted:
Vectors/Parasites: An organism such as a tick, which carries and transmits pathogens to human and animals.
TICK

24. Water and Food: Careless handling and storage of food are sources of contamination and illness, ex. Salmonella.
Airborne Transmission: Pathogens from a cough or sneeze may float in the air, ex. Chicken pox, TB, influenza.

25. Preventing diseases
What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease?
Using your text on page 626 list four other strategies that can limit the spread of a communicable disease.

26. Other Ways to Prevent Diseases
Maintain / receive proper Vaccinations
Avoid sharing personal items
Handle/ prepare food properly
Eat more healthy
Get enough sleep
Exercise
Avoid Tobacco and drugs
Safer Sex
Proper cold etiquette

27. The body & Preventing Communicable diseases
Health Education Lesson # 2

28. Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases
The Three Lines of Defense Against Infection:
First Line: PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL BARRIERS: Protect against a wide variety of invaders:
Saliva, Tears, Mucus (Boggiers) Eye lashes, nose hair, stomach acid, vaginal acid and bacteria, urine, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, labia, eyelids, etc…

29. Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases
Second Line: INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE: A reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection.
Ex. It can be swelling, redness or warmth.
Phagocyte: a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens – phagocytes engulf the invading pathogens and destroy them using chemicals.

30. Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases

31. Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases
Third Line: Immune System – A network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fight pathogens.
Ex. Lymphocytes – a specialized white blood cell that performs many functions of specific immunity
B-cells – produce an antibody that attaches to foreign pathogens and destroys them.
T-cells:
Helper T-cells – trigger the production of killer t- cells and b-cells.
Killer T-cells – destroy the infected body cell.

32. Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases

33. Define the following terms in your text Pg
Define the following terms in your text Pg. 631: Active and Passive Immunity
Active Immunity: Immunity your body develops to protect you from disease.
Ex. Naturally acquired active immunity develops when you are exposed to antigens from pathogens.
A vaccine is artificially acquired active immunity.
Passive Immunity: Receiving antibodies form another person or an animal. This is very much short lived immunity (weeks to months).
Ex. Mother to child during pregnancy or nursing.

34. Stages of Disease: Stage One:
Incubation Stage: Period between the time the pathogen enters your body and the time you begin to feel sick.
Lasts 2 days to 2 weeks

35. What Is happening in Stage One?
Body = No outward symptoms The body has recognized a pathogen has entered and is searching for it Sending out scouts to find and report back Pathogen = Low in numbers Weak in strength Trying to hide and get stronger

36. 2nd Stage of Disease: Prodromal Stage: Most contagious stage
The person does not feel sick enough to stay away from others.
Develop mild symptoms: Sore throat, dripping
Slight fever
General aches & pains
Fatigue

37. Stage 2 what going on
Body = Mild symptoms such as sore throat, aches Has received information on the pathogen and is making antibodies (making war material) White blood cells are beginning to fight the pathogens (first wave of fighter like the marines)

38. Stage 2 what going on Pathogen = Has spread rapidly in the body
Has increased in both strength and numbers
Is aggressively attacking the body, destroying cells and taking larger areas of the body

39. 3rd Stage of Disease: Illness Stage: Infection reaches it’s peak.
Doctor (Body) is able to identify the cause of the disease, based on your symptoms.
Your immune system has
become fully involved in
fighting the infection.
All components are being used

40. 3rd Stage of Disease
Body = The immune system has deployed all of its defenses in full attack of the invading pathogen
Multiple cells are involved to provide the best fight surrounding and battling the invader
Defending forces are the highest available
Therefore you are extremely tired due increased WBC’s and decreased RBC count (why on next slide)

41. Why are you so tired when you are sick?
Blood is made up of three parts:
Plasma = 55% - watery portion of palettes and other substances
Red Blood Cells = 44% - the workers they transport O2 and remove waste (these cells are stored when sick to allow WBC’s to do their work)
WBC’s = <1% disease fighters raise to about 20% when sick
Therefore it would be like taking a 100 person workforce and reducing it to around and expect to do the same amount of work. Not happening!!!

42. 3rd Stage of Disease Pathogen =
The pathogen is now decreasing in size, on the retreat and giving up the areas it once occupied
The weaker pathogens are taken down first, strongest are still fighting

43. 4th Stage of Disease: Recovery Stage:
The time when a disease is finally overcome by the body’s defenses.
Your body is in a weakened state.
Relapse can occur: this is a return of the infection.
Relapse can cause death due to the fact the body is weak and it is fighting the strongest pathogens that are left. EXTREMELY important to take antibiotics completely and to rest even when you start to feel better. This is the most vulnerable stage of you are in during this fight. Opportunistic diseases can become a problem.

44. 4th Stage of Disease Recovery stage
Your Body = Has been fighting the pathogen and depending on the potency of the specific pathogen you will have more or less strength
It will take some time to rebuild the necessary white defenses and to replace the White Blood Cells with the Red Blood Cells

45. 4th Stage of Disease Pathogen =
Either completely defeated and body has immunity to it in the future or:
Strongest pathogen take over body restart the cycle in the Prodromal stage and will be more difficult to defeat. May cause death to a weaker person such as infant, immune deficient adult or elderly person

46. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Lesson # 3

47. Non-Communicable Diseases
A disease that is not transmitted by another person, or a vector, or from the environment.
Certain habits and behaviors can either increase or decrease the risk of these diseases.
Cardiovascular Diseases:
A disease that affects the heart, blood, or blood vessels.

48. Define the following terms Using your text starting on page 674:
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Heart Attack
Stroke

49. Vocabulary Hypertension (high blood pressure)
can be lowered with medication, weight management, physical activity, and proper nutrition
most common among people over the age of 35
normal range: 120/80
often called the “silent killer”-
having no symptoms in early
stages

50. Vocabulary Atherosclerosis
A build up of fatty materials in your arteries
narrows the arteries, making the heart work harder.

51. Vocabulary Cardiovascular Diseases:
Angina- chest pains caused by lack of oxygen
Arrhythmias- irregular heartbeat

52. Vocabulary
Heart attack- caused by blockages of arteries, damage to the heart muscle.

53. Vocabulary
Stroke- arterial blockage that disrupts the flow of blood in the brain.
Congestive Heart Failure- heart no longer pumps efficiently.

54. Vocabulary Cholesterol: HDL: high density lipoprotein (good)
HDL cholesterol levels range from 40 to 50 mg. In the average woman, they range from 50 to 60 mg.
LDL: low density lipoprotein (bad) causes atherosclerosis
Less than 100 mg Optimal

55. RISK FACTORS FOR CVD’S Heredity Gender Age
CONTROLLABLE
UNCONTROLLABLE
Tobacco Use
High Blood Pressure- have it checked periodically
High Cholesterol- eat less high-fat foods
Physical Inactivity
Excess Weight
Stress
Drug and Alcohol Use
Heredity
Gender
Age
The health behaviors that you practice now are affecting your cardiovascular system!

56. WARNING SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK & STROKE:
Heart stops because heart is overworked:
Left arm goes numb
Sweating
Skin is pale or clammy
Chest pain
Unconscious
Shortness of breath
Breathing difficulty
Blood supply to the brain is cut off:
Confusion
Headache
Dizziness
Sweating
Pale and/or redness
Balance is thrown off

57. Quick Evaluation for Stroke
The F.A.S.T. Acronym
F = Facial drooping or muscle weakness
A= Arm muscle or range of motion loss
S= Change in speech patterns
T=Time, medicine must be given in the first 6 hours for it to be effective

58. NON COMMUNICABLE Diseases
Lesson # 4

59. Non communicable Diseases
Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by an uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Using your text on page 681 define the following terms:
Tumor
Benign
Malignant

60. Vocabulary
Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body.
Benign – noncancerous; if you’re benign your fine!
Malignant – cancerous

61. Risk Factors There is no known cause of cancer.
Genetics – family history
Environment – food, water, soil, air
Lifestyles choices – sexual activity, drinking, smoking, drugs
What is a Carcinogen???
Carcinogen: A cancer causing substance.
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Illegal drug use
Sexually transmitted disease
Radiation – ultraviolet rays from the sun
Dietary factors

62. How can you reduce your risk of Cancer??
Practice abstinence
Be physically active
Maintain healthy weight
Eat nutritious foods
Protect your skin from the sun
Avoid tobacco, drugs, and alcohol
Recognize warning signs of cancer
What type of cancer is most common in the US?
SKIN CANCER

63. Warning Signs of Skin Cancer
Asymmetrical: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole that does not produce matching halves.
Border: Noncancerous moles have smooth edges, suspect moles often have irregular edges.
Color: Be cautious of moles that are intensely black.
Diameter: anything over 10 mm should be removed and checked.

64. Methods to Prevent Skin Cancer:
Sun block- SPF 15 or greater
Avoid sun from noon until around 3pm
Wear light clothing
Wear a hat with a wide brim
Wear sunglasses with UV Protection
Do not go indoor tanning- (it’s also bad for night vision)

65. Warning Signs of Cancer:
Change in bowel habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficulty
swallowing
Obvious change in mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness