1. Disease Prevention and Control

2. Communicable Diseases
Disease that is spread from one living thing to another
Pathogen is the organism that causes the disease
5 types of pathogens: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan's, rickettsias
Organisms that cause disease are everywhere

3. Virus Pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
Need living cells to reproduce
Antibiotics do not work on them
EX: flu, common cold, polio, chicken pox, herpes, small pox, West Nile virus

4. Bacteria Single celled microorganism
Most are harmless but some can cause sickness
EX: strep throat, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, Lyme disease

5. Fungi Plant like organisms, cause disease to skin mostly
EX: Athletes foot, ringworm

6. Protozoan's
Single celled organisms that are larger and more complex than bacteria
Most are harmless
EX: Malaria, sleeping sickness

7. Rickettsias Resemble bacteria but multiply and invade like virus
Get through bites usually
EX: Typhus, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

8. Transmission Transmitted through several different methods:
Direct contact- includes touching, biting, kissing, and sexual contact; sneezing on to someone is direct contact
Indirect contact- Contaminated objects- door knobs; vectors-organism such as tick, mosquito; water and food
Airborne transmission- sneeze or cough and stay in the air and you breath in ex: chicken pox, flu

9. Prevention Wash hands # 1 thing for prevention Handle food properly
Abstinence
Eating right
Avoiding getting bit by insects
Manage stress

10. Barriers
Immune system has barriers that try to protect and keep us safe, they fight off the pathogens by using our white blood cells
Chemical barriers are enzymes in tears and saliva, and gastric juice
Physical barriers are skin, mucus membranes, and cilia

11. Vaccines Prevent disease
Live virus- made from pathogens grown in lab, weakened but still causes body to produce antibodies ex: chicken pox
Killed virus- inactivated pathogens, even though dead still stimulate immune system to make antibodies ex: flu
Toxoids- inactivated toxins from pathogens ex: tetanus
New and second generation- developed by scientist in lab ex: hepatitis b

12. Common Communicable Diseases
Respiratory infections- most common ex: common cold, Influenza, Pneumonia, Strep throat, Tuberculosis
Hepatitis- EX: A transmitted through bad hygiene; B- transmitted through sexual contact or with needles, causes liver damage and failure, have vaccine, considered STD and causes liver cancer; C- blood borne infection, direct contact usually with needles in drug users causes liver damage and failure

13. STDs
Human papillomavirus (HPV)- causes genital warts and is asymptomatic sometimes, most common std, no treatment, can also cause cervical cancer, stays in body
Chlamydia- bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs, usually asymptomatic, can be treated
Genital herpes- two types 1-causes cold sores 2-genital sores, however both types can affect mouth; more common in adults 20-29, asymptomatic sometimes, symptoms cured but always have virus

14. STDs
Gonorrhea- bacterial std that usually affects mucous membranes, most common in teenage females, treated with antibiotics
Trichomoniasis- caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder, treated with medications
Syphilis- attack many parts and is caused by small bacterium called spirochete
Not all STDs produce recognizable symptoms
How can a STD change your life?

15. HIV and AIDS
Aids is disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
HIV is virus that attacks the immune system
HIV is transmitted through body fluids such as blood, and other bodily fluids
HIV Transmitted- through sexual intercourse, sharing needles. And mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, and nursing
Best method for prevention of this and all STDs is abstinence

16. HIV and AIDS HIV has three stages
1st- asymptomatic ½ of all cases causes flu like symptoms within the first 3 to 6 weeks once, and then no symptoms from then on and can last for 10 years or more but you are still spreading the virus
2nd is symptomatic- you are sick all the time you lose weight, have swollen glands, immune system in weakened
3rd is AIDS- immune system shuts down, brain cells attacked and have trouble thinking and remembering

17. Noncommunicable Diseases
Disease that is not transmitted by another person, vector, or the environment
Stroke is caused by cerebral hemorrhage
Cardiovascular- disease that affects the heart or blood vessels EX:
Hypertension- high blood pressure
Atherosclerosis- plaque build up in artery walls
Angina Pectoris-chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat
Heart Attack- damage to heart due to blocked or reduced blood supply- 1in 4 do not produce symptoms

18. Noncommunicable Diseases
Cancer-uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells, 4 types: 1-lymphoma-cancer of immune system, 2-leukemia- cancers of blood forming organs, 3-carcinomas- cancers of glands and body linings, 4- sarcomas- cancer of connective tissue
Cancer can be prevented through healthy lifestyle; such as be active, eat right, protect skin, recognize warning signs

19. Noncommunicable diseases
Warning signs of Cancer:
C-change in bowl habits
A- a sore that doesn’t heal
U- unusual bleeding or discharge
T- thickening of a lump
I- indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- obvious change in wart or mole
N- nagging cough or hoarseness

20. Noncommunicable Diseases
Chronic diseases are ones that are on and off or continuous for long periods of time
Allergies, Asthma, Diabetes, and Arthritis are examples of this
Allergy- specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance
Asthma- inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed causing difficulty breathing

21. Noncommunicable Diseases
Diabetes- chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy
Glucose builds up in blood and not delivered to cells
Have type 1-body does not produce enough insulin; type 2- unable to make insulin or use it properly
½ of all people with type 2 diabetes are unaware that they have it
Main cause of kidney failure, limb amputations, and blindness in adults

22. Noncommunicable Diseases
Lower your risk of diabetes by eating right, maintaining a healthy weight and exercise
Arthritis- cause pain and loss of movement in the joints
Leading cause of disability in the United States
You can lower your chance of getting by avoiding injury to your joints