1. World History
Section Two

2. Three Religions Judaism Christianity Islam Monotheistic
Followers are called Jews
Abram=>Abraham founder
Christianity
Followers are called Christians
12 Disciples founders
Islam
Followers are called Muslims
Muhammed founder

3. Judaism Abraham made covenant with God Abraham was married to Sarah
His lineage would have Messiah
They would be God’s Chosen People
Abraham was married to Sarah
Sarah was old and told Abraham to have a child with her slave, Hagar.
That son was named Ishmael
Later, Sarah gave birth to a son named Isaac
God had Hagar & Ishmael sent into the wilderness
God protected and provided for them and promised Ishmael a great lineage as well.

4. Christianity Jesus the Christ is the Messiah
Had 12 Disciples
They spread the Gospel (story of Jesus) throughout the World
Roman Catholic Church is the oldest and largest Christian denomination
Pope is in charge (Theocracy)
Largest landowner in the World
Has its own Army for protection
Vatican City is an independent nation

5. Islam The son of Hagar and Abraham
Ishmael
Settled in the desert of the Middle East
Mohammed was born in Medina
He was the son of a merchant
Received the words of the Quran from the Angel Gabriel
Commanded by Allah to spread His word to all

6. Five Pillars of Islam Confession of Faith Prayer
Allah is one true God
Mohammed is His final and most important prophet.
Prayer
Five times a day
Toward Mecca (in Saudi Arabia)
Giving alms to poor (charity)
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
Fasting during daylight hours for Ramadan

7. Islam Fastest growing religion in world
Grew rapidly in North African and Mediterranean due to the Salt and Gold trade routes.
Christianity is larger, but not growing as fast
Does not recognize castes or social status
ALL people are Equal in eyes of ALLAH
Quickly spread throughout Middle East and Southeast Asia.

8. Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Grew exponentially along the Silk Road
Originally a Hindu, but went on journey of truth to find his path in life
Taught that all people are equal
Greed leads to pain and suffering
Karma would equal all acts of good and evil
It is the major religion of Eastern Asia, Japan and China
Grew exponentially along the Silk Road
Due to this interaction, many others adopted this faith.

9. Hinduism Polytheistic Largest concentration in India
Practiced Caste system to keep people within the assigned roles of society
If you are born into a caste, your children and grandchildren would also be in that caste
No intermarriages between the castes
Castes carry over into the next life time
Priests
Warriors
Landowners
Peasants
Untouchables

10. Gupta Empire In 320 A.D. in Northern India
Lasted 200 years and is called The Golden Age of Hindu Culture
Advances in medicine, science and mathematics
Artists, scholars and musicians flocked to the kingdom
The Kingdom was sacked by the Huns from Central Asia in 500 A.D.

11. The Crusades
A series of very violent Holy Wars that European Christians participated in to reclaim the Holy Lands during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries
Muslims occupied those lands. Jerusalem in particular.
The Pope wanted them back under the control of the Church
Called for all Christian Knights to Crusade against the Islamic infidels who had desecrated the Holy Lands of Jesus.

12. The Crusades The Christians NEVER retook the Holy Lands
There is still turmoil in that area today
Jewish, Christian and Islamic landmarks are all over the area and most especially in Jerusalem.
Some Positive things from the Crusades
Increased trade between the two groups
Exchange of cultural ideas
Improved medical, mathematics and engineering
Some Negative things from the Crusades
Animosity between the groups remains
The plague or Black Death ravaged Europe

13. The Black Death Spread quickly throughout the crowded cities
Killed 60% of Europe
Spread by fleas on rats that were on boats during the Renaissance
Superstition rose, people blamed the Church
Led to the end of the Medieval Period and the Enlightened Era.

14. Middle Ages Feudalism Manorialism
King gave out land to protect kingdom from attack
Vassals
Lord
Manor
Knights
Peasants
Serfs
Freemen

15. Middle Ages Lasted about 1500 years Growth of Cities ended them
Age of Feudalism
Crusades
Renaissance
Black Death
Growth of Cities ended them
Peasants gained income
Cities became more sanitary
Economies became more diversified

16. Fall of Empires Rome Han Empire Under attack by hostile barbarians
Political unrest
Decline of morality
Provincial governors received too much power from the Emperor
Empire divided into separate states
Corruption in central government became widespread

17. Christian Thinkers St. Thomas Aquinas Lived 354 – 430
St. Augustine
Lived 354 – 430
Lived at the time of the Fall of the Roman Empire
Said “Only the ‘City of God’ in Heaven is eternal”
Stated that mankind should pour his entire faith in God, who will reward us all the afterlife in Heaven.
Lived 1225 – 1274
Lived 800 years after St. Augustine and wrote the book, Summa Theology, in which he summarized Christianity
He believed in Natural Law. Those laws were from God and no civil laws could be more important
He said that people have the right to remove a ruler for passing unjust laws or laws that contradicted Natural Laws

18. Rights of the People Magna Carta Parliament Signed by King John
Guaranteed all free men the right of trial by jury
Forced the king to receive permission from a council to create or raise taxes.
Parliament
Council of nobles and lords from the various towns to regulate the taxes

19. Rights and Laws The Code of Hammurabi The Ten Commandments
The Twelve Tables
Justinian Code
Manorialism
Magna Carta
Medieval England
Israel
Babylon
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
1215 A.D. England

20. Rights and Laws The Code of Hammurabi The Ten Commandments
The Twelve Tables
Justinian Code
Manorialism
Magna Carta
Babylon
Israel
Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Medieval England
1215 A.D. England

21. Timeline Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire Greece Turkey
City-States of Athens and Sparta rose to power separately due to isolation.
Wars with Persia unified all the Greek City-States into one unified Greece.
The Golden Age of Greece produced many advances in mathematics, science and art.
Grew into a Republic and thrived due to its marine location and mountainous northern border.
Julius Caesar became the dictator, conquered the known world and led Rome into the period of Pax Romana.
Foreign invasions and corrupt government led to the fall of the empire
Emperor Justinian moved the empire east and established the Byzantine and named his capital Constantinople.
The Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church split during the Great Schism.
Seljuk Turks conquered the city of Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul.
The Seljuk Turks after conquering Constantinople intermarried with the Byzantine people.
The Ottoman Empire grew to be a World Power because it controlled the Mediterranean & the land routes between Europe and the Middle East.
Empire lost power quickly in World War One.
During W.W. 1 they were in an alliance with the Axis of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
After the First World War, the Empire was dissolved and became known as Turkey.
In 1923 after the War for Turkish Independence, Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital.

22. Success