1. Thermal and Moisture Protection

2. Major Topics Waterproofing Dampproofing Membrane Clay Cementitious
Hot-applied
Cold-applied

3. Major Topics con’t Building Insulation Roofing Rigid Mineral Fiber
Loose-fill
Foamed-in-place
Roofing
Low slope vs. steep
Types of roofing materials

4. Major Topics con’t
Flashing
Siding
Sealants

5. Waterproofing
As defined in ASTM D1079: “the treatment of a surface or a structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure.”

6. Membrane Fluid-applied membranes are usually: Polyurethane
Hot Rubberized Asphalt – not as elastic as polyurethane and requires a thicker coat

7. Sheet Membranes Butyl synthetic rubber sheet [60 mils thick]
Ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM) [min. 1/16” thick]
Pre-molded bituminous [7 ply]
Rubberized asphalt [56 mils]
Self-adhesive butyl [60 mils- requires adhesive primer]

8. Bituminous Usually applied on vertical below-grade surfaces
Hot coal-tar pitch or hot asphalt
The number of plies, overall thickness, and content vary according to the depth of the hydrostatic head (in ft. – all increase as the depth increases)

9. Clay waterproofing
Bentonite clay – when wet, it expands to between 10 to 15 times its dry volume.
It is typically mixed with water & sprayed in place (also available in dry sheets between cardboard)
Placed below grade to exterior surfaces

10. Cementitious Waterproofing
Composed of portland cement, aggregate, and an acrylic or plastic admix.
It may also contain iron fillers (then known as iron oxide waterproofing)
Hydraulic cement – another form of cementitious waterproofing used to seal holes, cracks and open joints (often in free-flowing water)

11. Dampproofing May be hot- or cold- applied
Hot consists of an asphalt primer or a coal-tar-based primer
Used on the exterior of buildings- not interior because of lingering odor and the problems associated with using “hot” products indoors.

12. Building Insulation
Usually added to the roof, walls, and floors of a structure
4 basic classifications are:
Rigid board
Mineral fiber
Loose fill
Foamed-in-place
Listed according to their R-Values

13. Rigid Insulation
Usable in all parts of a building –usually in a board form
Most are [Resistance/inch]:
Polystyrene – sensitive to daylight, give off carbon monoxide while burning
Polyurethane [6.25] – may expand after exposure to moisture
Polyisocyanurate [7.2]
Perlite [2.78] – will not burn, tends to absorb water
Phenolic [8.3] –breaks easily, corrodes metal
Cellular glass block- [2.5] – breaks easily, deteriorates if exposed to freezing & thawing
Organic fiber – roofing systems primary use, wood fibers and water resistant binders
Glass fiber
Composites – take advantage of high R-values of some materials in combination with the stability of others

14. Mineral Fiber Insulation
Products made from fibers from rock, slag, or glass
Naturally resistant to fire, moisture, and vermin
May be semi-rigid boards, batts, or blankets (longer than batts and sold in large rolls). Intended to fit between studs (16” or 24” o.c.)

15. Loose-fill Insulation
Comprised of fibers, granules, or chips
May be poured or “blown” into attics or wall cavities
Common additives may include: adhesives, and chemical treatments to resist fire and vermin

16. Foamed-in-place Insulation
Created by a chemical reaction that expands a mixture of components as much as 30 times
Curing typically takes from hours, at which time the mixture solidifies into a cellular plastic
Care must be taken not to “overfill” a cavity

17. Roofing
Low slope – in general, these are roofs which slope less than 11/2”/ft.
On low slope roofs a system of compatible components is selected to work together to form a waterproof membrane
Common systems used are: built-up roof or single-ply

18. Examples of Single-Ply Membranes
EPDM – factory cured elastomer, bonded to themselves using adhesives
CSPE (DuPont Hypalon) –synthetic rubber, may also be liquid
CPE – un-reinforced or polyester reinforced sheet material
PIB – formulated from isobutylene and other polymers, carbon black, and additional additives

19. Example of Built-up Roof

20. Steep Roofing Slopes exceed 11/2”/ft.
Many materials used in modern roofing practices existed centuries ago (clay tiles, and stone)
Material used is based on: cost criteria, slope of roof, expected service life, wind resistance, fire resistance, and local climate.

21. Roofing Material and Slope
Min. Slope
Type of roof
2 in 12
Asphalt shingles
3 in 12
Mineral fiber-cement shingles, wood shakes or shingles
4 in 12
Slate shingles, concrete tile (other than flat)
5 in 12
Flat clay tile, concrete tile

22. Roofing Underlayment
Should be asphalt-saturated felt (usually a No. 15 or No. 30 used, may require more than 1 layer-depending on roofing material selected)
Applied immediately after the roof sheathing is in place

23. Underlayment Performs These Functions:
Protects sheathing from moisture absorption
Prevents the entrance of wind-driven rain onto sheathing
Prevents direct contact between asphalt shingles and resinous areas in wood sheathing (chemically incompatible-may damage shingles)

24. Types of Roofing Materials
Asphalt shingles
Slate
Tile
Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles
Wood shingles and shakes
Metal

25. Roofing Styles

26. Examples

27. Examples

28. Examples of Roofing

29. Comparison of Types of Roofing

30. Flashing
Should be installed at all intersections of other roofs, walls, and projections from roof.
Flashing should be made of corrosion resistant materials such as:
Galvanized or stainless steel (min 26 gauge)
Aluminum (0.019 inch min.) –avoid using next to masonry
Copper (16 oz.) –if not lead coated…may stain surrounding materials
Flexible sheet- made of PVC or modified polymers-used in single-ply & some BUR

31. Typical Locations for Flashing
Valleys –joint formed by 2 sloping roofs
Chimney
Eaves – ice forming along the eaves
Drip edge
All roof penetrations

32. Siding
The type of wall siding selected depends on cost, expected life service, wind resistance, fire resistance, local climate, and maintenance.
Possible materials include:
Mineral-Fiber-Cement shingles
Wood shingles & shakes
Aluminum and Vinyl siding
Wood or Hardboard siding
Bevel, Tongue & Groove, Lap, Board and Batten

33. Sealants Basic types of building sealants include:
Elastomeric (rubber like) –polysulfides, silicone, polyurethane [expansion joints]
Solvent release curing [small-joints (3/16” or less]
Latex emulsion [small interior joints, doors,windows]
Tape [glazing, concealing lap joints]
Acoustical [seal sound transmission, electrical outlets]
Preformed Foam
Oil-based caulking compounds [doors, windows, masonry subject to little or no movement]