1. Chapter 9 Alcohol Lesson 2 The Nervous System Next >>
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2. Cells that make up the nervous system
neurons
Cells that make up the nervous system
central nervous system
Made up of the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
Made up of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body
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3. The command center, or coordinator, of the nervous system brain
A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body
spinal cord
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4. In this lesson, you will be able to
list the parts of the nervous system.
describe problems of the nervous system.
explain how you can keep your nervous system healthy.
practice decision-making skills to protect the nervous system.

5. Video Clip from Kidshealth.org

6. The Command Center of the Body
The nervous system:
Is your body’s control center
Carries messages to and from your brain
Controls breathing
Controls the flow of blood throughout the body
Can be harmed or permanently damaged by alcohol

7. The Command Center of the Body
Figure 9.3
Page 273
The Command Center of the Body
Neurons are also called nerve cells.
neurons Cells that make up the nervous system
Neurons send and receive messages to and from the brain in the form of tiny electrical charges.

8. Three types of neurons as seen on page 273
Sensory Neurons
Receives messages and passes on information from outside world
skin, ears, eyes
Motor Neurons
Sends messages to muscles and glands
Connection Neurons
Relays messages between sensory and motor neurons

9. What do you think would happen if some neurons failed to pass on information received from the outside world?

10. The Parts of the Nervous System
The two parts of the nervous system are:
The central nervous system (CNS)
The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system Made up of the nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body

12. The Parts of the Nervous System

13. The Parts of the Central Nervous System
The brain works with the spinal cord.
brain The command center, or coordinator, or the nervous system
Your brain is the most important part of the nervous system.
spinal cord A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body

14. Central Nervous System CNS page 274 figure 9.4
Brain
made up of billions of neurons
Receives information and sends messages to the other parts of the body … works with the spinal cord
interprets the messages … helps the body respond to the information it receives from the senses
processes thoughts … when you think the neurons in your brain are working
Spinal Cord
some messages are processed here but most are sent to the brain
relays messages between the brain and other parts of the body
If you lose or damage CNS neurons your body cannot make new ones

15. page 274 figure 9.4
Your Nervous System

16. How the Brain Works
Considering everything it does, the human brain is incredibly compact, weighing just 3 pounds. Its many folds and grooves, though, provide it with the additional surface area necessary for storing all of the body's important information.
The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long bundle of nerve tissue about 18 inches long and ¾ inch thick. It extends from the lower part of the brain down through spine.

17. Intelligence, Learning, and Memory
How the Brain Works
Intelligence, Learning, and Memory
When you learn things, messages travel from one neuron to another, over and over. Then the brain creates connections (or pathways) between the neurons, so things become easier and you can do them better and better.
In young children, the brain is highly adaptable. In fact, when one part of a young child's brain is injured, another part may learn to take over some of the lost function. But as we age, the brain has to work harder to make new neural pathways, making it more difficult to master new tasks or change established behavior patterns. That's why many scientists believe it's important to keep challenging your brain to learn new things and make new connections — it helps keep the brain active over the course of a lifetime.

19. Peripheral Nervous System PNS page 274 figure 9.4
made up of nerves that connect CNS to all parts of the body
makes possible the movements you can control
walking
speaking
handles movements you cannot control … AUTOMATIC actions
heart beat
sweating
digestion
the change of the pupil of your eyes as they react to light
PNS neurons can regenerate if they are damaged

20. page 274 figure 9.4
Your Nervous System

21. Problems of the Nervous System
The nervous system can become injured, or it may be affected by diseases and disorders.

22. Injuries
A brain injury can cause brain damage, loss of memory, and the loss of some physical abilities.
PROTECT YOUR BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
Physical injuries are the most common causes of damage to the nervous system. If you injure your head, neck, or back, it can be very harmful to your nervous system and overall health.

23. Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Alcohol can destroy millions of brain cells, which can never be replaced.
Other drugs harm the brain by affecting sleeping, breathing, sleeping, and the way your nervous system sends and receives messages.
Some drugs harm the nervous system so much that people using them may imagine objects or lights that aren’t really there. This is called hallucinating.

24. Some viruses that can harm the nervous system include:
Infections
Some viruses that can harm the nervous system include:
Polio
Rabies
Meningitis
There are vaccines that help protect people from some of these illnesses. Other illnesses may be treated with medicine.
There are vaccines that help protect people from some of these illnesses. Other illnesses may be treated with medicine.

25. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Disorders
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MS attacks the central nervous system and damages the outer part of some nerves.
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain as it is growing.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s causes a loss of memory, mental deterioration, and death.
Parkinson's Disease
People with Parkinson’s disease often have shaking and stiffness of the arms and legs.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy occurs when the signals in the brain aren’t sent in the normal way, sometimes causing seizures.

26. Taking Care of Your Nervous System
Follow positive health practices.
Eat nutritious foods and get enough rest.
Protect yourself from disease.
Get vaccinated and avoid risky situations.
Protect yourself from physical injury when playing sports.
Wear protective gear. Never dive into shallow water. Have someone spot you when weight lifting.
Follow traffic rules.
Obey all signs and wear a safety belt when in a car.
Practice positive health behaviors.
Decide never to use alcohol or other drugs.
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27. What I Learned Vocabulary Define neuron. Lesson 2 Review
a cell that makes up the nervous system
a cell that makes up the nervous system

28. What I Learned Name List the two parts of the nervous system.
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Name List the two parts of the nervous system.
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

29. Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Explain Describe how multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system.
MS damages the outer part of some nerves so that they cannot send messages properly.
MS damages the outer part of some nerves so that they cannot send messages properly.

30. What I Learned Describe How can alcohol damage the nervous system?
Lesson 2 Review
What I Learned
Describe How can alcohol damage the nervous system?
Alcohol can destroy brain cells.
Alcohol can destroy brain cells.

31. Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Hypothesize If the PNS stopped working, what would happen to the CNS?
Sample answer: The central nervous system could not receive messages from the nerves in the body, so the body could not respond to what it senses.
Sample answer: The central nervous system could not receive messages from the nerves in the body, so the body could not respond to what it senses.

32. Lesson 2 Review
Thinking Critically
Apply What decisions can you make to keep your nervous system healthy?
Sample answer: Wear a helmet while bicycling or in-line skating and never use drugs or alcohol.
Sample answer: Wear a helmet while bicycling or in-line skating and never use drugs or alcohol.

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