1. Chapter 3, Lesson 4
The Nervous System

2. The Nervous System
Job: Carries messages to and from the brain, spinal cord, and all other parts of the body
Tells the body how to respond to its environment.
Divided into two parts:
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

3. The Nervous System Central Nervous System: Peripheral Nervous System:
Made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain: center for thinking
Spinal cord: Thick band of nerve cells that runs through the backbone.
Peripheral Nervous System:
Made up of all the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to the muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands.
12 Nerves branch out from the brain
31 branch out from the spinal cord

4. How the Nervous System Works
The brain receives sensory messages, interprets them, and sends responses.
12 pairs of Cranial Nerves connect directly to the brain. They control the senses and then muscles in the head and neck.

5. How the Nervous System Works
The Spinal Cord is made up of highly organized nerve tissue.
Spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord and connect the brain and the spinal cord with specific muscles and organs.

6. Men’s brains, on average, are smaller than women’s.
True
False

7. Many people are familiar with déjà vu-the feeling that something has already been experienced. What is the name for the opposite of déjà vu- the feeling that something is new even when its not? 30
Jamais vu
Deja vecu
Deja Senti
Presque vu

8. Which of the following objects famously pierced a man’s brain in 1848 without killing him?
A metal rod.
A wooden stake
A horseshoe
A pickax of 30
:10

9. Approximately how many women who live to at least 55 will go on to develop Alzheimer’s disease, a disorder that causes severe memory loss?
1 in 6
1 in 12
1 in 24
1 in 48 10
0 of 30

10. True or False? We use only 10 percent of our brains.

11. A person unable to recognize the melody for the song “Happy Birthday” is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions? 10
Aphasia
Amusia
Lyssavirus
Munchausen Syndrome
0 of 30

12. Which of the following is a gene thought to play an important role in brain development?
Sonic Hedgehog
Snoopy
Mario
None of the above
:10
0 of 30

13. If an adult man’s brain is giving off mainly alpha waves, he is most likely:
Fast asleep
Awake and resting
Awake and nervous
Unconscious of 30 10

14. Albert Einstein’s brain was _____ the average adult male brain.
Slightly bigger than
The same size as
Slightly smaller than 30
:10

15. True or false? If you cut into a person’s brain while they are awake, they will feel pain.
0 of 30 10

16. The Brain
The brain is a mass of nervous tissue with three major parts.
Cerebrum: Controls the senses, thought, speech, and voluntary actions.
Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle activity.
Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
Medulla: Controls involuntary actions, like breathing.

17. The Brain

18. The Nervous System

19. Questions
What part of the brain helps a gymnast maintain balance while doing a routine?
Which part of the brain are you using to answer this question?
Which part keeps you alive? What does it do?

20. Answers
Cerebellum
Cerebrum; because it controls thinking and muscle movement
The medulla; it controls breathing and heart rate.

21. Brain Teasers Our brain can “play tricks on us.”

22. Sides of the Brain Left Brain Functions: Right Brain Functions:
* Uses logic
* Detail oriented
* Facts rule*
Words and language*
Present and past*
Math and science*
Comprehension*
Knowing*
Acknowledges*
Order/pattern perception*
Knows object name*
Reality based*
Forms strategies*
Practical*
Safe
Right Brain Functions:
* Uses feeling
* “Big picture” oriented
* Imagination rules*
Symbols and images*
Present and future*
Philosophy and religion*
Gets the “meaning”*
Believes*
Appreciates*
Spatial perception*
Knows object function*
Fantasy based*
Presents possibilities*
Impetuous*
Risk taking

23. What do they do?

24. The Nervous System

25. Neuron – Basic Unit Neurons are a single nerve cell.
Sensory neurons carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain.
Motor neurons carry messages from the brain and spinal cord and tell your muscles and glands what to do.

26. Neurons

27. Neurons

28. Nervous System Problems
Spinal Cord Injuries:
Damage to the head, neck, or body can injure the spinal cord.
Severe weakness, loss of sensation, or paralysis can result.
Head Injuries:
Violent blow to the head can permanently damage brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels surrounding the brain.

29. Nervous System Problems
Cerebral Palsy:
Might be caused by:
A head injury
A defect or injury to the brain before or during childbirth
Lead poisoning
Unintentional injury
Effects range from mild weakness in the arms and legs to lack of muscle coordination, speech impairment, and paralysis

30. Nervous System Problems
Cerebral Palsy:
Picture from:

31. NS Problems Meningitis:
Infection of the membranes the cover the brain and spinal cord
Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting
Picture from:
meningitis/index4.html

32. NS Problems Epilepsy: Marked by seizures
Seizures: short periods of uncontrollable muscle activity
May be caused by a small area of brain damage

33. Caring for your Nervous System
Get plenty of sleep and rest.
Avoid alcohol and other drugs.
Use a seat belt when riding in a car.
Wear a helmet for sports.
Follow safety rules.