1. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
NORTH
ADVANTAGES
Larger population
More industry
More resources
Better banking system
More railroad mileage
Abraham Lincoln
More ships
DISADVANTAGES
Faced hostile people
Southern territory unfamiliar

2. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
SOUTH
ADVANTAGES
Strong popular support
Familiar territory
Superior military leadership
DISADVANTAGES
Smaller population
Few factories
Less food production
Fewer railroad miles
Fewer ships
Jefferson Davis
Belief in states’ rights

3. Strategies Anaconda Plan King Cotton South used a defensive war.
Use a Blockade to cut off the south.
Stops supplies and reinforcements
Control the Mississippi to cut the south in half
But the plan takes a lot of time
Lincoln does not want to wait and order the invasion of Virginia.
King Cotton
South used a defensive war.
Try to make allies with other countries (Britain and France)
Europe needs cotton
South tries force them to help by controlling cotton trade.

4. CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES The Anaconda Plan Blockade the South
NORTH
The Anaconda Plan
Blockade the South
Split the Confederacy by gaining
control of the Mississippi River
Capture Richmond, the Confederate
capital

5. CIVIL WAR STRATEGIES WIN RECOGNITION AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION
SOUTH
WIN RECOGNITION AS AN
INDEPENDENT NATION
Capture Washington, D.C.
Seize central Pennsylvania
Defend homeland until
North tired of fighting
Get Britain to pressure
North to end blockade to
restore cotton supplies

6. AIM: American Civil War Battles – Part 1

7. Civil War Battle Map

8. General George McClellan
Lincoln Appoints McClellan
trains “Army of the Potomac”

9. Lincoln orders 30,000 soldiers to invade Richmond Virginia
1st Battle of Bull Run
Who
Union: General Irvin McDowell Confederate: Thomas J. Jackson aka: “Stonewall Jackson”
When/Where
When: July 21, Where: Bull Run Virginia
What
Total Dead:
4,700
Lincoln orders 30,000 soldiers to invade Richmond Virginia
Who Won?
Confederacy
So What?
(Results)
Union troops retreat to DC
Confederates are confident
Lincoln Calls up Additional 500,000 troops for the war effort.
Video

10. Fort Henry & Fort Donelson
Who
Union: Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate: ~ not important~ (Gen Lloyd Tilghman/John B. Floyd)
When/Where
When: Feb : Henry Where: Tennessee
Feb 11-16, 1862: Donelson
What
Total Dead: 17,517
Part of Anaconda Plan
Captured 2 Confederate Forts
Who Won?
Union
So What?
(Results)
Begins to divide Confederacy

11. Confederate troops surprise attack
Shiloh
Who
Union: Ulysses S. Grant/Don Carlos Buell
Confederate: Albert S. Johnston/Pgt. Beauregard
When/Where
When: April 6-7, Where: Tennessee
What
Total Dead: 23,746
Confederate troops surprise attack
Union Reorganizes & defeats Confederacy
Who Won?
Union
So What?
(Results)
Showed how deadly the war was becoming. the bloodiness of war.
Video

12. Union NAVY Fleet: 40 Ships approach New Orleans – CRUCIAL PORT
Who
Union: David Farragut (60 years old)
Confederate: ~ not important~ (Mansfield Lovell)
When/Where
When: April 25 – May 1, Where: New Orleans, LA
What
Total Dead: 0
Union NAVY Fleet: 40 Ships approach New Orleans – CRUCIAL PORT
Take over New Orleans
Who Won?
Union
So What?
(Results)
Control Mississippi
Can split Confederacy from North/South Mississippi

13. Confederacy’s attempt to save Richmond (Confederate Capital)
Seven Day’s Battles
Who
Union: George McClellan
Confederate: Robert E. Lee
When/Where
When: June 25 – July 1 , Where: Virginia
What
Total Dead: 37,957
Confederacy’s attempt to save Richmond (Confederate Capital)
Who Won?
Confederate (although they lost more men)
So What?
(Results)
Union pushed back again into Washington D.C.

14. 1st battle on Northern soil Confederacy invades D.C.
Antietam
Who
Union: George McClellan Confederate: Robert E. Lee
When/Where
When: Sept. 17, Where: Sharpsburg, Maryland
What
Total Dead:
23,100-26,000
1st battle on Northern soil
Confederacy invades D.C.
Who Won?
DRAW (Strategically Union victory)
So What?
(Results)
BLOODIEST SINGLE DAY BATTLE
Confederacy greatly weakened
England and France do not ally with Confederacy.
Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation

15. Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville, VA
Who
Union: Burnside then Hooker Confederate: Lee/ Jackson
When/Where
When: December 1862/May Where: Virginia
What
Total Dead:
F-burg: 17,975
C-ville: 29,800
Union attacks Confederate base & Fredericksburg
At Chancellorsville, VA, confederates are outnumbered – Lee’s strategies save the day!
Union lost
Stonewall Jackson shot by “friendly fire” when returning from patrol and dies
Who Won?
2 Confederate Victories
So What?
(Results)
Confederate wins – begins 1863 on a good note!
This again Gives them Confidence to try and invade Washington D.C again.

16. CSA Feeling Good!
Lee decides to venture into Union territory – Pennsylvania
Why do that?!?
Supplies
Get USA to move troops from Vicksburg on Miss River
CSA victory in the north will upset politics in the north

17. [July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg
Overview
Small PA town, 3 day battle, TURNING POINT IN WAR, 94o & humid, CSA looking for shoes
Day 1
Confederates looking for shoes go into PA
Gets into a fight w/Union cavalry
Fighting attracts additional troops in this unlikely town of Gettysburg
Confederates took town, Union retreated to a HILL

18. [July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg Day 2 90,000 Union/ 75,000 Confederates
Little Round Top abandoned by mistake – Key position
Lee orders troops to Little Round Top (offensive strategy)
20th Maine troops went to defend
Under command of Chamberlain
20th Maine & Chamberlain: defend hill successfully

19. [July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg Day 3
Lee commits Confederate troops to one final attack to center of Union line – Longstreet disagrees
Guns quieted in afternoon – Lee thought Union was weakened - orders CHARGE!
Pickett’s Charge: CSA loses 75% of men

20. [July 1-3, 1863] Gettysburg So What? Results
Lee retreats to VA – Army/CSA never recovers
Lee deterred from going on offensive again
Each side loses 30% of men
Union: 23,000/CSA:28,000

21. Review How many days was Gettysburg fought for?
Who was the General at Gettysburg?
Why did the CSA forces decide to head into PA?
What did Lee expect would happen if they scored a win in the North?
Video

22. Siege of Vicksburg - What
Union Army of the Potomac in PA – Won Gettysburg
Union & forces want to gain complete control of the Miss. River
Vicksburg was one of the 2 CSA forts preventing control over the Miss. River
Strategic location
Grierson & cavalry
Weakened RR & transport
Distract rebels so infantry can get to Vicksburg

23. Siege of Vicksburg - What
Weakened defenses – bombarded fort with gun/cannon fire
Starve out inhabitants – ate mules, dogs, rats
Siege: May (late) – July WEEKS!
July 3rd (same day as Pickett’s Charge) - Terms of surrender offered
City Fell – July 4th

24. Siege of Vicksburg – Results
A few days later last CSA holdout fell – CSA officially split in 2!

25. Outside the lines November 19, 1863 - Gettysburg Address
Ceremony to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg, where Lincoln was asked to add a few remarks. Lincoln follows a two-hour speech with his two minute speech – Unifies nation!
Morale in CSA went down as war went on – Why?
March 1864 – Lincoln appoints U.S. Grant as commander of all Union armies

26. Outside the lines
Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander of military division of Mississippi
Grant & Sherman’s commitment to WAR – TOTAL WAR
Essential to fight South’s CIVILIAN population
Why?
Civilians produced weapons, grew food and transported goods
Civilians & their willingness to fight keeps battle going

27. The Virginia Campaign - What
From Wilderness to Petersburg, Grant keeps pushing Lee back
Not all battles won by Union
CSA lost 35,000 men (COULD NOT REPLACE)
USA lost 65,000 men (COULD REPLACE)
Grant is called a “butcher”

28. The Virginia Campaign - Results
Union pushed back Confederate forces to south Virginia
Killed men who the CSA could not replace

29. Sherman’s March to the Sea - WHAT
Sept 1864 – Sherman takes Atlanta “Burning of Atlanta”
Abandons supply Atlanta - creates line of destruction to the Sea
Lived off land as they went
Destroyed land as they went; freed approx 25,000 slaves who eagerly joined Union army
Ultimate goal – SOUTH CAROLINA
Why?
Sherman’s March
Sept. 1864, Sherman takes Atlanta; South tries to cut supply lines
Sherman cuts wide path of destruction in Georgia; lives off land
December, takes Savannah, turns north to help Grant fight Lee
- inflicts even more destruction in SC
The Election of 1864
Democrats want immediate armistice, nominate McClellan
Radical Republicans—harsh conditions for readmission to Union
Republicans change name, choose pro-Union Democrat as running mate
Lincoln pessimistic; Northern victories, troops’ votes give him win
The Surrender at Appomattox
• After Petersburg, Davis’s government leaves Richmond, sets it afire
• Lee surrenders April 1865 at village of Appomattox Court House
- Lee’s soldiers paroled on generous terms
Fort Pillow, TN—Confederates massacre over 200 African-American POWs

30. Sherman’s March to the Sea – So What? – Results!
Example of TOTAL WAR (not sparing civilians & land
civilians are helping the war w/ food & weapons production, etc.
Continued to S.C. capital – Columbia!
Center of railroads, printing presses
Turns north - help Grant fight Lee
Sherman’s March
Sept. 1864, Sherman takes Atlanta; South tries to cut supply lines
Sherman cuts wide path of destruction in Georgia; lives off land
December, takes Savannah, turns north to help Grant fight Lee
- inflicts even more destruction in SC

31. Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15-December 20, 1864
General William Tecumseh Sherman, Union troops push to Atlanta
Captures Atlanta (September 1864), marches to sea, wages total war
Union troops tear up rail lines, destroy crops, burn and loot towns
Sherman’s success helps Lincoln win re-election
Sherman captures Savannah
As the Union army moved through the South, they would destroy train tracks by heating up the rails and bending them into a bow which became known as “Sherman’s Neckties”

32. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman turns north: Having seized Savannah, and undeterred by relentless rain, rugged terrain, or sporadic resistance, Sherman ordered his Union armies to move into South Carolina on January 17. They laid waste to much of the state where the rebellion began and reached its capital, Columbia, in less than a month. Southerners blamed Sherman for setting Columbia ablaze, although the fire seems to have begun among cotton bales lit by retreating rebel cavalry before his army ever reached the city. In any case, Sherman said, "Though I never ordered it, and never wished it, I have never shed any tears over the event, because I believe that it hastened what we all fought for, the end of the war.