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The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Vanda Altarelli July 2015 Master in Human Development and Food Security Slide 1 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
It’s ONE WAY of “organising” the complex issues surrounding POVERTY It’s NOT the ONLY WAY It can be: Modified Adapted Made appropriate to local circumstances Made appropriate to local priorities Slide 2 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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S.L.A. people-centred focussed on sustainability holistic partnerships
macro-micro linkages dynamic building on strengths
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DFID’s SL Framework N S F P H influence Slide 3
The Poor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes influence Policies Institutions Processes Livelihood Strategies Livelihood Outcomes Slide 3 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Livelihoods assets Human Capital Social Capital Natural Capital
The Poor Physical Capital Financial Capital Slide 4 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Human Capital Health Nutrition Education Knowledge and skills
Capacity to work Capacity to adapt Slide 5 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Natural Capital Land (quality and quantity) and produce
Water & aquatic resources Trees and forest products Wildlife Wild foods & fibres Biodiversity Environmental services Slide 6 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Social Capital Networks and connections
patronage neighbourhoods kinship Relations of trust and mutual support Formal and informal groups Common rules and sanctions Collective representation Mechanisms for participation in decision-making Leadership Local Governance Slide 7 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Physical Capital Infrastructure Tools and technology
transport - roads, vehicles, rivers, lakes, boats etc. secure shelter & buildings water supply & sanitation energy communications Tools and technology tools and equipment for production seed, fertiliser, pesticides traditional technology ITT Slide 8 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Financial Capital Savings Credit/debt - formal, informal, NGOs
Remittances Pensions Wages, etc Slide 9 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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The Asset Mix Different households with different access to livelihood “assets” Livelihoods affected by: diversity of assets amount of assets balance between assets Slide 10 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Exercise: Asset Mix of different groups
Asset mix of a young woman with dryland Asset mix of a landless female (agr. labourer) Asset mix of a middle age man with both dry and irrigated land Asset mix of a young man with dryland only Asset mix of a female widow with irrigated land Asset mix of an old woman with land (irr. ) and grown up children, some leaving at home some abroad Asset mix of a merchant and money lender Slide 10 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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So…….. Human capital labour capacity Natural capital landless
no education limited skills Natural capital landless access to common property resources Financial capital low wages no access to credit Physical capital poor water supply poor housing poor communications Social capital low social status descrimination against women strong links with family & friends traditions of reciprocal exchange = an extremely reduced “livelihood pentagon” So…….. Landless female agricultural labourer Financial Capital Social Physical Human Capital Natural Slide 11 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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“Vulnerability” Context
Shocks Floods, droughts, cyclones Deaths or illness in the family Conflict, violence or civil unrest Seasonality Trends and changes Population Environmental change Technology Markets and trade Globalisation Slide 12 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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“Vulnerability” Context
F P H N S The Poor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Slide 13 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Policies, Institutions & Processes
of governments of different LEVELS of government of NGOs of international bodies Institutions political, legislative & representative bodies executive agencies judicial bodies civil society & membership organisations NGOs law, money political parties commercial enterprises & corporations Processes the “rules of the game” decision-making processes social norms & customs gender, caste, class language Slide 14 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Policies, Institutions & Processes
F P H N S The Poor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes Policies Institutions Processes influence Slide 15 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Livelihood Strategies
Combining: the assets they can access Taking account of: the vulnerability context Supported or obstructed by: policies, institutions and processes. ………..………..leading to Slide 16 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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Livelihood Outcomes Poverty - a “poor” livelihood outcome:
based on a fragile or unbalanced set of livelihood assets unable to face shocks, changes or trends not supported, or actively obstructed by policies, institutions and processes that do not allow assets to be used as they might livehood options combined in a “bad” or unsustainable strategy Slide 17 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
P H The Poor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes influence Policies Institutions Processes Livelihood Strategies Livelihood Outcomes Slide 18 Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
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The SL Framework, the SL Principles and what we actually do
Policies Institutions Processes N S F P H The Poor Vulnerability Context Shocks Seasonality Trends Changes influence Livelihood Strategies Outcomes Sustainable Livelihoods Framework - to help understand & analyse people-centred sustainability-focussed holistic partnerships macro-micro linkages dynamic building on strengths Principles of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach - to guide action Development Tools & Methods - for implementation diagnostic tools stakeholder analysis & consultation action research participatory monitoring & evaluation farming systems research rights- based approaches participatory planning institutional analysis & capacity building sectoral integration & co-ordination sector- wide approaches participatory & integrated policy development mechanisms for micro-macro linkages & influence promotion of good governance
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Sectoral Entry Points and Sustainable Livelihoods Projects
Projects or project phases Possible Sectoral Entry Points 1o 2o 3o Progressive expansion of sectoral coverage Health Sector Education Forestry Economic Policy Sector Agricultural Selected Entry Point Reiterative diagnosis & design process
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