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3. Unit 5 Test approaches! Agenda Image analysis warmup Reconstruction intro lecture Inquiry Objectives Define Freedmen’s Bureau, Radical Republicans Essential Question: Why was the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction considered “radical”?

4. Warm up

5. According to one study by the US Navy, the Civil War cost the Confederacy $1 billion (15.2 billion in inflation adjusted dollars) in military operations alone Two-fifths of the South's livestock killed Several major Southern cities destroyed Reconstruction is the time period from 1865-1877/1965 when the Union worked to incorporate the former Confederacy and freed slaves into the United States

6. The Civil War, 1861-1865 Slavery was a central issue that caused the Civil War.

7. Slavery On January 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in Southern territory the Union was still fighting In 1865, the 13th Amendment passed which abolished slavery in the US Nevertheless, slavery remains a national controversy during Reconstruction

8. Lincoln’s assassination- April 15, 1865

9. Post-Lincoln Reconstruction Lincoln’s vice president, Andrew Johnson, became president after Lincoln’s assassination The only Southern senator to remain loyal, Johnson opposed the secession of the Confederacy However, he was more sympathetic to the Southern states than most Northern Republicans Johnson was strongly opposed by people in Congress. His opposition were called Radical Republicans

10. Reconstructing a Nation Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865 After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together? Could they unify as citizens of the same country?

11. Punishment for the Confederate States? Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from 1861 What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States? Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be punished?

12. African Americans in the South Photograph of an enslaved family in South Carolina taken in 1862 How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states? How would Northerners address the issue of including former slaves as citizens in society? What were some major challenges that former slaves faced?

13. Major Questions After the Civil War 1.How should the South be rebuilt? 2.How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union? 3.How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women?

14. Inquiry Why was the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction considered “radical”?

15. Discussion 1.What are the major differences between the Radical Republicans and Andrew Johnson? 2.Which plan do you think would be more likely to unite the country after the Civil War? Why? 3.Why do you think the Radical Republican plan was considered “radical”? 4.What do you predict actually happened during Reconstruction?

16. Reconstruction Northern plans for Reconstruction of the South varied with regards to the following – How harshly the South was to be treated – How supported blacks were to be in their new freedom Reconstruction takes the Radical Republican route Next class: how free were blacks during Reconstruction?