1. Hygiene: Caring for your Body

2. Parts of Your Skin Epidermis- The outer layer of skin made up mostly of dead cells. Dermis- The layer of living cells below the epidermis. Fat Cells- 3 rd layer of skin that helps keep you warm. Nerve endings- Give you a sense of touch. Sweat Glands- Helps you cool off and eliminates some wastes. Oil Glands- make oil that keep your skin soft and flexible. Parts of Your Skin Diagram

3. Problems with the Skin Body Odor Acne Sunburn Athletes Foot Skin Cancer (from exposure to strong UV rays) Skin Disease ex: Ringworm, Eczema, Psoriasis, Hives, etc… Overuse of Antibacterial products

4. Caring for Your Skin Wash thoroughly and often (This gets rid of dirt, sweat, and bacteria) Use warm (not hot) water and mild soap Use Deoderant Don’t squeeze or pop pimples Manage your stress Get plenty of rest Eating a balanced diet and drinking plenty of water helps your skin get the nutrients it needs to stay healthy. Foods do not cause acne! Protect your skin from the sun with sun screen. (The sun is the most dangerous between 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m.) Wear clothing that protects you from the sun (ex: a hat to protect your face, ears, and neck from strong sunlight) Be careful of door knobs and other problem areas. Don’t overuse hand sanitizer!!!

5. Brain Pop Skin http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/skin/ Acne http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth/acn e/ http://www.brainpop.com/health/personalhealth/acn e/

6. Parts of your Hair & Nails Hair Nails Hair grows from Follicles Hair is made from a material called Keratin its strength allows it to stick out of the surface of your skin. The shaft of your hair is the part that you can see. The root of your hair is what holds our hair into our skin. Hair traps air near your skin and can help keep you warm. Hair can also help you sense the world around you. When something touches a hair on your skin, the nerve endings near the base of your hair let you know something is close to you. (Gently touch your eyelash to see how it can help your sense of touch) Your nails grow from your Nail Beds Like your hair your nails are made from Keratin but in your nails keratin forms hard layers. Your nails help protect the sensitive ends of your fingers and toes. Fingernails help with everyday tasks such as picking up a small object or scratching an itch. The thin flap around your skin is called the Cuticle

7. Problems with your Hair & Nails Hair Nails Dandruff- Dry scalp that can make flaky dried clumps of dead cells Head Lice-Small insects that live on the scalp and suck blood. Lice lay eggs on hair shafts. Oily scalp Split ends Hang Nail- When the cuticle is dry and cracks. This may be painful. Ingrown Nail-When a nail is cut too short and grows back into the skin

8. How to care for your Hair and Nails Hair Nails Trim and brush your hair (Brushing your hair moves the oil down the hair shaft and keeps your hair shiny) Wash your hair at least twice a week. Use mild shampoo and conditioner with warm water Avoid sharing hats, brushes, and combs Keep your fingernail and toenails clean and trim Clean underneath your nails because bacteria can form under there Don’t trim your nails too short Do not bite your nails Keep the cuticle on your nails pushed back so that you can see a half of a moon shape underneath your nail Use lotion on your hands to keep your cuticles soft and healthy

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10. Parts of Your Teeth Crown-The visible part of the tooth Neck-Connects the root to the crown Root-Holds the tooth in the gum Enamel-is a hard substance that covers the crown (Enamel is the hardest substance in our body) Dentin-Supports the enamel and surrounds the pulp Pulp- Soft tissue that contains nerve tissue and blood vessels

11. Types of Teeth Incisors. Incisors are the eight teeth in the front and center of your mouth (four on top and four on bottom). These are the teeth that you use to take bites of your food. Incisors are usually the first teeth to erupt, at around 6 months of age for your first set of teeth, and between 6 and 8 years of age for your adult set. Canines. Your four canines are the next type of teeth to develop. These are your sharpest teeth and are used for ripping and tearing food apart. Primary canines generally appear between 16 and 20 months of age with the upper canines coming in just ahead of the lower canines. In permanent teeth, the order is reversed. Lower canines erupt around age 9 with the uppers arriving between 11 and 12 years of age. Premolars. Premolars, or bicuspids, are used for chewing and grinding food. You have four premolars on each side of your mouth, two on the upper and two on the lower jaw. The first premolars appear around age 10 and the second premolars arrive about a year later. Molars. Primary molars are also used for chewing and grinding food. These appear between 12 and 15 months of age. These molars are replaced by the first and second permanent molars (four upper and four lower). The first molars erupt around 6 years of age while the second molars come in between 11 and 13 years of age. Third molars. Third molars are commonly known as wisdom teeth. These are the last teeth to develop and do not typically erupt until age 18 to 20, and some people never develop third molars at all. For those who do, these molars may cause crowding and need to be removed.

12. Tooth and Gum Problems Plaque- a mixture of bacteria, saliva, and food particles. Very sticky and binds to the enamel of your teeth. The bacteria and acid found in plaque can cause bad breath and even worse cavities! Tarter- is when the plaque becomes hard. Gingivitis- inflammation and bleeding of the gums. Cavity- a hole in the tooth made by acids

13. Caring for your Teeth Brush your teeth after each meal. Brushing can get rid of plaque build up but can not remove tartar. If you can’t brush after each meal make sure to brush at least twice a day, once after breakfast and once before bed. Brush in soft circles around the surface of your teeth and gently up and down and back and forth around the chewing surfaces. Be sure to gently brush your gums and tongue as well. Floss at least once a day. Go slightly below gum level to reach trapped plaque and bacteria. Floss your teeth before you brush at night. Visit a dentist at least twice a year. Visit a orthodontist if your teeth are not straight. Eat a healthy diet. Get enough calcium a mineral needed for strong teeth. Don’t use your teeth to open things. Wear a mouth guard during sports.

14. Parts of Your Eye Your eyelids protect your eyes and bathe them in tears to remove dust and harmful bacteria Light first passes through the Cornea which is the clear protective structure at the front of the eye The Iris is the colorful part of the eye it controls the amount of light that enters by opening and closing the pupil. The Pupil is a hole in the iris. The pupil gets bigger in low light and smaller in bright light. The Lens focuses light on the retina The Retina contains millions of light sensitive cells that detect energy from the light. These cells convert light energy into nerve signals that are sent along the Optic Nerve to the brain. The brain processes the nerve signals into images.

15. Common Eye Problems ConditionDifficultyWhat can be done NearsightednessSeeing things at a distance Glasses or contact lenses; surgery is an option for adults FarsightednessSeeing things up closeGlasses or contact lenses AstigmatismSeeing things clearlyGlasses or contact lenses ColorblindnessTelling the difference between certain colors No treatment; person adjusts to condition without treatment

16. Eye Care Wear a protective face mask or goggles whenever your eyes could be hit or hurt. Always wear eye protection when working in science labs, when playing sports that could hurt your eyes, or when working with tools. Wear sunglasses to prevent eye damage from the sun. Don’t rub your eyes. Rubbing your eyes can spread germs from your hands to your eyes, which can lead to infection. Get regular eye exams, and follow doctor’s advice. If you are supposed to wear glasses, wear them. Never wear glasses that are prescribed for someone else!!!

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18. Parts of the Ear Sound waves are caused by vibrations that travel through solids, liquids, or air. Sound waves enter the outer ear and are funneled into the middle ear through the ear canal. These sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations in the eardrum move three tiny bones, hammer, anvil, stirrup. The vibrations of the ear bones are transferred to the cochlea, a tiny snail-shaped fluid filled part of the inner ear. The fluid in the cochlea moves when the vibrations come into the inner ear. Cells in the cochlea convert these vibrations into nerve impulses. The nerve impulses are sent to the brain and processed into sounds.

19. Problems of the Ear Hearing Loss Earwax buildup Ear infections

20. Caring for the Ears Protect them from loud sounds Keep them clean. Clean your ears in the shower while washing your hair. Use your fingers to gently clean your ears. Don’t stick your finger in your ear canal! Turn your head to the side to let the shower rinse out the water and wax. Hardened earwax should be removed by a doctor. Don’t put anything into your ear canal Be very careful with Q-tips.

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