1. Texas History Chapters 1 and 2 Maps, Graphs, Charts, Vocabulary Continued….

2. Primary Source An original record or object created at the time of the event Example: The Declaration of Independence

3. Secondary Source A document created after the event about which it reports, by people not present at the time. Example: Textbooks

4. Why do sources matter? When you use or interpret primary or secondary sources to learn about individuals, issues, or events, you need to analyze them to find out if they are reliable. With primary sources, it is important to consider how long after the event the primary sources was created. The longer the time between the event and when the sources was made, the less reliable it may be. With secondary sources, as well as primary, are written from a point of view that may be affected by the feelings of the creator. This creates a bias, or an unreasoned, emotional judgment about people and events. Hey, Mrs. Chambless, you already talked about bias! I know, but it’s important!

5. Geography Geography is the study of Earth, its natural features, its people, and the ways in which they interact. Landforms, water systems, climates, natural resources, and human beings are all part of the study of geography. Geography is important because it shapes our experiences of a place.

6. Landforms Natural features of the land Corpus Christi is flat and sandy. The Guadalupe Mountains are steep, rocky, and dusty.

7. Climate The general weather pattern of a place over time.

8. Urban vs. Rural Urban is an area inside a town or city. Rural is an area in the countryside.

9. Fives Themes of Geography Geography is a broad subject, with many areas to cover. By breaking it up into major themes, or topics, we can better understand geography.

10. 1--Location Describes the position of a place on Earth. Location can be absolute or relative. Absolute location: the exact location of a place, often stated with latitude and longitude Relative location: the location of a place in relationship to other places or features (Example: Austin is north of San Antonio)

11. 2--Place The geographic location, such as a city or a town, and its physical and human characteristics. Corpus Christi and Dallas are places, yet, their different features, landmarks, buildings, and roads help identify them.

12. 3--Regions Areas that share common characteristics. Example: The North Central Plains region of Texas features flat plains that rise up to many hills and mesas (flat elevated areas).

13. 4--Movemnet Refers to the study of how and why people, things, and ideas move.

14. 5—Human-Environment Interaction This includes how the natural environment has affected humans and how people have adapted to their environment. For example: using irrigation systems in dryer climate areas

15. Globes Globes are spherical representations of Earth. In which hemisphere is Texas located?

16. Maps A map presents information about Earth. Different maps serve different purposes. Reference Maps are used to find locations.

17. Physical Map Shows the physical features of an area including landforms and water systems.

18. Political Maps Generally show Earth’s human- made divisions including capitals, cities, and the boundaries of political entities, or something that exists as its own unit, such as counties, states, and countries. Thematic Maps are used to show a specific topic, theme, or spatial distribution of an activity. Example: Population density

19. Other things found on maps… Entities: something that exists as its own unit, such as counties, states, and countries. Mrs. Chambless, you already told us that, too! I know. Age distribution: the structure of a population according to age Growth rate: the speed at which a population grows Environment: the surroundings in which people, plants, or animals live.

20. Texas Culture Culture is the way of life of people who share similar beliefs, language, arts, and customs. An ethnic group is made up of people who share a common language, history, or place of origin. Customs are activities practiced regularly by a group of people (weddings, funerals, rites, holidays, food, clothing) Art—wood carvings, paintings, music Leisure—sports, dance, cooking, reading, visiting (hobbies) Texas is diverse! People in Texas come from many different ethnic groups. Diversity = variety

21. Texas Culture Demography or demographics is the study of Human Populations, and Texas has a dynamic and diverse population. – The first Texans were Native Americans Unfortunately…the first Texans suffered terribly from new diseases when Europeans arrived and in some cases, 85 percent of tribal group would die within a year of exposure…some became extinct! – Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in Texas…later the French would attempt to colonize Texas, but failed – 1800’s - Spanish sponsored immigration to Texas…been growing ever since! Immigrate-to permanently move to a new area or country

22. Texas Culture Stephen F. Austin brought the first Anglo settlers to Texas from the southern U.S. – Europeans migrating consisted of Germans, Czech, French and Irish. – Many Americans immigrants were slave owners bringing African Americans to Texas as slaves. – Some Asian immigrated during late 1800’s; however, Asian immigration boomed since 2000. Regardless of original nationality…every ethic group that has moved to Texas has contributed to the cultural diversity of Texas and can be seen in our cities across the State! Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas