2. Key events and people of the Civil War

3. Key Events of the Civil War

5. Causes of the Civil War (Review) (7a) 1. Sectional Debate over: 1.Tariffs 2.Extension of slavery into the territories 3.The nature of the Union (states’ rights) 2. Northern abolitionists vs. Southern defenders of slavery 3. U.S. Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott Case 4. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

6. Causes of the Civil War, cont. 5. Ineffective Presidential leadership in the 1850s 6. A history of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories 7. President Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

7. Election of 1860 (7b)

8. Secession! (7b) When Lincoln wins the election in 1860 deep southern states begin to secede from the Union. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address: “I have no purpose…to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exits.” Lincoln was offered several dozen elephants by the King of Siam. He refused the gift, but the elephant became the symbol of the Republican party. Lincoln is the first Republican to ever win an election.

9. One Nation Vs. Compact Theory (7c) Lincoln believed America was one nation, not a collection of sovereign states. Confederates believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave. Lincoln’s objective during the Civil War was to preserve the union.

10. Republican Policies in Congress 1861 -1862: Congress free from Democratic (South) resistance passes a series of laws to advance economic growth in the North & the West Morrill Tarriff Act (1861) – raised tariff, increases revenue & protects manufacturers Homestead Act (1862) – promoted settlement of the Great Plains w/offer of 160 acres of free land for 5 years of farming Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) – encouraged states to use sale of federal land grants for agricultural & technical colleges Pacific Railway Act (1862) – authorized building of transcontinental RR over a northern route linking California & western territories w/the east

12. The Deep South & Secession Deep South secedes with SC (December 20,1860) as the first following Lincoln’s election In January and February 1861, the following states leave: MS, FL, AL, GA, LA &TX ( 47 % of population = slaves & 38% whites as slaveholders) Meet in Montgomery AL to establish Confederacy

13. Upper South Secedes after Defense of Ft Sumter More reluctant to leave initially due to VA ties w/founding fathers; TN ties to Jackson & KY ties to Clay as well as slavery being a less defining feature Call to War following confederate attack on Ft Sumter April 12, 1861, results in secession of Upper South of VA, AK, TN,& NC (32% slaves & 24% slaveholders) Confederate capital moved to Richmond VA Border states of DL, MD, MI, & KY w/slavery (14% slaves & 15% slaveholders) remain w/union due to sentiment & shrewd federal policies West Virginia enters Union in 1863 due to loyalty to union of residents

16. The Battle at Fort Sumter (7b) April 1861 Charleston, SC First fight of the Civil War Lincoln’s strategy was for the South to begin the war/offensive

17. Advantages for the Union and Confederacy Union Strong central government Extensive transportation network Larger population Industrial Capacity Confederacy Fighting a defensive posture Greater military leaders/tactics Fighting to defend their way of life

18. Disadvantages of the Union and Confederacy Union Poor military leadership throughout much of the war Lincoln had to hold together a population with increasing opposition to the war Managing the border states(a tricky proposition) Confederacy Lack of industry Lack of transportation networks Weak central government during time of war when strength was needed No possibility of foreign assistance with defense of slavery Decision to take an offensive posture

20. 1 st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) July 1861 First full battle of the Civil War Showed the North that the war would be much longer than they thought Jackson gets his nickname “Stonewall”

21. Antietam (7b) September 1862 Antietam, PA Bloodiest Single Day of the War Union Victory = Emancipation Proclamation

23. Emancipation Proclamation (7c) January 1, 1863 Freed those slaves in “rebelling states” –Seceded Southern States Made the abolition of slavery a war aim Discouraged interference from foreign governments (European countries) Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army

24. Gettysburg (7b) July 1863 The turning point of the Civil War The last offensive effort by the Confederates under Robert E. Lee Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address

25. Gettysburg Address (7c) November 1863  said at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg The war is described as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal: and was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.’’ The idea of Lincoln’s view of equality builds upon Jefferson’s ideal in the Declaration without the glaring contradiction of slavery

26. Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse (April 6, 1865) (7b)

27. Key People of the Civil War

28. Abraham Lincoln (7b) President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the union be preserved, by force if necessary Known for the Emancipation Proclamation & Gettysburg Address

29. Ulysses S. Grant (7b) Union military commander Won victories over the South after several Union Commanders had failed Led the North to victory by defeating General Lee and accepting his surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

30. Robert E. Lee (7b) Confederate General of the Army of Northern Virginia. Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the union should be held together by force. After his surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Lee encouraged his men to accept defeat and become good citizens after the war.

31. Frederick Douglass (7b) Former slave who became a prominent black abolitionist Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union army

32. Jefferson Davis (7b) US Senator, served as Secretary of War under Pierce administration President of the Confederate States of America Considered moderate to appeal to Upper South

33. Civil War’s Impact on Common Soldiers (7e) Warfare was brutal and camp life was lonely and boring. Many soldiers returned home wounded or crippled –Warfare often involved hand-to-hand combat War time diaries and letters home record this harsh reality –After the war, especially in the South, soldiers returned home to find homes destroyed and poverty –Soldiers on both sides lived with permanent disabilities

34. Impact of the War on African Americans (7e) Although slavery ended, African Americans did not achieve fully equality in the next 100 years. The Emancipation Proclamation allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers. The Emancipation Proclamation allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers. Over 200,00 served in Union army & navy in segregated units commanded by white officers More than 37,000 died in what came to be called the Army of Freedom More than 37,000 died in what came to be called the Army of Freedom

35. Civil War’s Impact on Women (7e) Women were required to assume nontraditional roles –Manages homes and families with scarce resources –Often faced poverty and hunger –Assumed new roles in agriculture, nursing, and in war industries