1. Cavities, Regions, Skeleton, Autopsy

2. I. Ventral body cavity A) THORACIC CAVITY 1)Mediastinum:  trachea, heart,  blood vessels 2) Pleural cavities:  lungs

3. I. Ventral Body Cavity, cont’d B) ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY 1) Abdominal cavity: ◦ liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, parts of the colon 2) Pelvic cavity: ◦ lower colon, rectum, bladder, reproductive organs

4. II. Dorsal body cavity: Cranial cavity:  brain Spinal cavity:  spinal cord

6. III. Nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity R hypochondriac Epigastric L hypochondriac R lumbar Umbilical L lumbar R iliac Hypogastric L iliac What organs are found in each region? Make note of the landmarks—inferior aspect of ribcage (upper) and inferior to the iliac spine (lower). Epi = uponHypo = under/below Chondro = cartilage Epi = uponHypo = under/below Chondro = cartilage

7. Regions vs. Quadrants

8. IV. Four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity RULU RL LL

9. V. AXIAL VS. APPENDICULAR A. Axial: ◦ skull, spine, rib cage B. Appendicular: ◦ pelvis, shoulder girdle, upper & lower extremities

10. VI. Autopsy: postmortem examination A. Name three uses of autopsies: ◦ To accurately determine the cause of death ◦ To confirm the accuracy of diagnostic tests ◦ To discover previously undetected problems

11. B. Describe the four stages of the autopsy procedure. 1) Exterior of body examined for abnormalities: ◦ Wounds/scars from injuries/surgeries 2) Ventral cavity is opened by a deep, Y- shaped incision. a) arms of the Y start at the anterior shoulder, meet at the sternum to a single cut that extends to the pubic area b) rib cage is sawn through, exposing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

12. B. Describe the four stages of the autopsy procedure (continued). 3 ) Dissection of internal organs. ◦ Must cut away a portion of the skull if brain is to be dissected ◦ Arms, face, legs not dissected unless specified ◦ Organs are returned and body sewn up

13. B. Describe the four stages of the autopsy procedure (continued). 4) Fluid/Tissue Analysis Microscopic examination of tissues collected Tests to analyze body fluids to detect infectious organisms