1. Targets Reading and Analysis 2. I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc. a. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity 3. I can analyze the cultural and social significance of a text using historical context and its effects on form, style, and point of view, and theme. 4. I can analyze the author’s style (diction, tone, syntax, and voice) and describe its effects on purpose and theme.

2. Theme and Universal Theme

3. Theme   Main idea of a literary work   may be stated directly (rarely) or indirectly (usually)   usually includes observation about life   could be: moral of the story, a teaching, or an observation about society/human nature.   Typically, and by the end of the story, the character learns a lesson based on their experiences.

4.   You are rarely told the theme of a story   YOU determine the theme from:   Characters   Action/Plot line   Ask yourself:   What is the story teaching? How do you determine theme?

5. Theme - Example 1 Beauty and the Beast Look beyond superficial surface beauty and see what is inside the heart Don’t judge a book by its cover STOP

6. Theme - Example 2 Aladdin   The theme could be described as love is not found with money, but discovered through the heart.

7. Universal Themes   Universal themes add to the timelessness of a literary piece because they relate to us all—across culture, across ethnicity, across generations -- in our experiences, hopes, goals, and dreams.

8. Universal Themes A-Z Abuse of power Action vs Apathy Beating the odds Beauty Coming of age Corruption Courage Effects of the past Faith Fall from grace Family

9. Universal Themes A-Z Fate Fear fear of failure Freedom Friendship Greed Hate Heritage Heroes Honesty Innocence Justice Love Loyalty

10. Universal Themes A-Z Manipulation Mothering Nature Need for Change Obligation The Overlooked Parent-Child Relationships Peace Peer Pressure Perseverance Power of the Mind vs. Authority

11. Universal Themes A-Z Prejudice Price of Progress Pride Quest for Knowledge Religion Revenge The Road Not Taken Secrecy Security/Safety Seizing the Moment Survival War Winners and Losers

12. Universal Themes Personal Themes Alienation - a feeling; a “state of mind” the character feels on the outside, separate from the group; “odd man out” Isolation - physical; the character IS alone; connection from a larger group is cut; this could be by force or by choice

13. Universal Themes Personal Themes Coming of Age - the growth of the character from youth to adult; focus is on maturity and internal growth Loss of Innocence - childhood has ended through some traumatic event; the child is forced into adulthood; loses childhood innocence earlier than a child should have to face horrors and adult situations.

14. Universal Themes Protagonist Themes The Journey/Quest - the protagonist must leave home and overcome a series of obstacles before reaching a designed goal Noble Sacrifice - the protagonist gives up something meaningful to him/her for the betterment of others

15. Universal Themes Conflict Themes Appearance vs Reality - visual outward form of what is perceived vs what is real and existent; “Things aren’t always what they seem.” Good vs. Evil - conflict between individuals where one is perceived better than the other or an inner struggle within the character Struggle with Nature - the conflict people have with the natural world, as well as understanding human nature

16. Universal Themes Relationship Themes Power of love, friendship, and loyalty - discovering what is more important and where focus needs to be; involves emotional twists and turns that lead to a variety of endings Effects of power and revenge - examining one’s personal need over others; what this need/desire does to a person and their relationships with others

17. Universal Themes Relationship Themes Tolerance of Others - accepting and embracing others without prejudice or judgment; respecting others and their differences Survival of the Fittest - the strongest will prevail; not just physical strength, also mental, will, wit

18. Universal Themes Societal Themes Effects of Progress/Scientific Progress - examining what advancing progress, science, and technology does to individuals and society Censorship/Oppression - examining a society’s and/or institutions’ attempt to control individuals through limits, boundaries, and controls

19. Example of Universal Theme   What is the universal theme presented in How the Grinch Stole Christmas? individual overcoming their selfishness and greed

20. Other stories that have the same universal theme of an individual overcoming their selfishness and greed?   The main character Ebenezer Scrooge in Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol symbolizes a greedy wealthy man

21. Your Turn! Universal Themes Practice: Work through #1 – 6 with a partner. Discuss your reasoning (justify and explain). After discussing, complete #7-14 on your own.

22. Abuse of power Action vs Apathy Beating the Odds Beauty Coming of age Corruption Courage Effects of the past Faith Fall from grace Family Fate Fear Fear of Failure Freedom Friendship Greed Hate Heritage Heroes Honesty Innocence Justice Love Loyalty Manipulation Mothering Nature Need for Change Obligation The Overlooked Parent-Child Relationships Peace Peer Pressure Perseverance Power of the Mind vs. Authority Prejudice Price of Progress Pride Quest for Knowledge Religion Revenge The Road Not Taken Secrecy Security/Safety Seizing the Moment Survival War Winners and Losers

23. NOW… Determine the universal theme for the following novels: Justify, explain, and give evidence for your determination/s.

24. Today’s Target Reading and Analysis: Fiction b. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes etc. of a given fictional literature as it relates to humanity

25. Archetype – a type of character, detail, image, or situation that appears in literature from around the world and throughout history. Some believe that archetypes reveal deep truths about human experience. Synonyms: quintessence essence representative model embodiment prototype stereotype original pattern standard paradigm

26. Character Archetype: specific and easily identifiable characters in film, television, literature, and people in real life who possess similar qualities and traits, no matter the culture, ethnicity, and/or background – universally recognizable. There are hundreds of categories of character archetypes. usually

27. Hero: Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi You name one Rebel: Che Guevara, William Wallace (Scottish knight – Braveheart) You name one Ruler: Napoleon, Genghis Khan You name one Healer: Florence Nightingale, Mother Teresa You name one Adventurer: Christopher Columbus, Marco Polo You name one Innocent: Anne Frank, Malala Musafzai You name one Genius: Albert Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci You name one Jester: Mark Twain, Charlie Chaplin You name on Outlaw: Jesse James, Butch Cassidy You name one REAL LIFE ARCHETYPES

28. What do these characters have in common? Epic Hero: brave and noble character who goes on a quest or journey to fulfill a responsibility, obtain an elixir/prize, seek answers, or make his/her way home.

29. What do these characters have in common? Mentor: teacher or counselor to a hero or initiate figure; often are father or mother figure to the hero or heroine. They pass along crucial knowledge that inspires the hero/initiate to success.

30. Hunting Group of Companions: Loyal companions willing to face any number of dangers to protect each other

31. Damsel in Distress: Vulnerable woman who needs to be rescued by the hero. Often used as a trap to motivate the unsuspecting hero to rescue her.

32. With a partner, complete the chart in your packets (both names, both packets):  Define the archetype VILLIAN  List several examples from literature, film, and TV  Define the archetype COMEDIC RELIEF  List several examples from literature, film, and TV  Define the archetype SIDEKICK  List several examples from literature, film, and TV DISCUSS AS A CLASS – be ready to explain and justify your examples TURN IN YOUR PARTNER WORK

33. Reading and Analysis 2: I can identify theme and use literary terms and figurative language when describing and analyzing texts and know their purpose in the literature such as (but not limited to) metaphor, simile, imagery, repetition, symbol, allusion (historical and literary), personification, irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic), etc. I can analyze the allegory, motifs, archetypes, and universal themes of a given text as it relates to humanity TARGET

34. Symbolic archetype: specific symbols in film, television, literature, and real life that possess similar references and meanings, no matter the culture, or background – universally recognizable.

35. What does this number represent? The Trinity Mind Body Spirit Birth Life Death

36. What does this number represent? Mankind: four limbs Four elements: earth, wind, fire, water Four seasons: spring, summer, winter, fall

37. What does this number represent?

38. Relationship between man and God 7 deadly sins: lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, wrath, envy, pride 7 days of the week 7 days to create the world 7 colors of the rainbow

39. What do these represent?

40. INDIVIDUAL WORK On loose leaf paper From each symbolic archetype grouping (5 groups), choose two symbols (5 x 2 = 10 total). For each symbol chosen, write the symbol, the definition, and give two examples from either literature, film, television, or real life (specify). Explain how your examples fit the archetype. Symbol: Definition: Example 1: Explanation: Example 2: Explanation: x 10

41. Narrative Archetype : Basic storytelling pattern found in stories of cultures around the world; oral stories, fairy tales, myths; patterns make stories easier to remember/retell; create drama and story-telling rhythm Archetype: Character, detail, or situation that appears in literature from around the world and across history; Reveals human truths

42. Narrative Archetypes The Quest for Identity: Character is in search of his or her self; why they are here; personal journey; purpose in life; meaning of their existence; may feel out of place with family and/or the people with whom they are associated. Book, film, or TV example?

43. Narrative Archetypes The Quest for Vengeance: Character feels someone has done him/her wrong and goes on an often elaborate quest for revenge, retaliation, payback, or “justice.” Character inflicts harm or humiliation on the person who committed the wrong doing. Book, film, or TV example?

44. Narrative Archetypes The Search for Love: Character is in search of someone to love and for that person to love them in return. Book, film, or TV example?

45. Narrative Archetypes Character is in search of a place where questions will be answered, the world will be right, and reward will be given. Character faces great struggle and personal sacrifice to reach this place. The Epic Journey to Find the Promised Land: Book, film, or TV example?

46. Narrative Archetypes The Search for Knowledge: Character is searching for knowledge/wisdom; travels widely in his/her search; mentors aid the character Book, film, or TV example?

47. Narrative Archetypes The Quest to Rid the Land of Danger/Save His/Her People: Character feels responsible for others, goes on a quest to save others from danger and to preserve or improve way of life. Book, film, or TV example?

48. Narrative Archetypes The Grail Quest: Character is in quest of something illusive – may or may not exist – many years and energy spent; quest for perfection. Journey versus destination/goal? Book, film, or TV example?