2. DARK AGES 4 The Crusades

3. Eastern Orthodox Church Churches in Constantinople did not accept the pope’s claim as head of Church (1054) Great Schism = separation between two branches of Christianity Eastern Orthodox church begins

4. Beginning of the Crusades Reasons for Crusades: - Holy Land was controlled by Muslims - Constantinople threatened - Pope issues crusade to save the Holy Land and protect Christianity (even protect EOC)

5. 1 st Crusade Pope Urban II- issues the first crusade to liberate (free) Palestine and Jerusalem Urban II called for crusades against infidels Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews

7. 1 st Crusade Mostly French knights will capture Antioch in 1098 and Jerusalem in 1099 Massacred both Muslim and Jewish inhabitants Successful crusade

8. 2 nd Crusade Cities fell again to Muslims The Pope calls for another crusade 2 nd Crusade was a total failure 1187, Jerusalem fell to Saladin (Muslim leader)

9. 3 rd crusade Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) of England, Holy Roman Empire and France will fight 3 rd crusade Close battle but eventually Saladin wins. Saladin offers a peace treaty with Richard.

10. More Crusades? After the death of Saladin in 1193, Pope Innocent III issues 4 th crusade 9 major crusades total

11. Increased wealth of Italian city-states like Genoa and Venice. Began Jewish persecution and genocide. Started the breakdown of feudalism and an increase in the power of kings. Improved technology such as better ships and maps, and skills in siege techniques and weapons. Results of the Crusades