1. Primary Energy Sources Primary sources can be used directly. These have not been transformed or converted. coal/ oil natural gas wood sun/wind Defining characteristic: extraction Extraction DOES NOT change physical/ chemical characteristics. Most primary sources are not directly useful to us for doing work.

2. Secondary Energy Sources Secondary energy sources can not be naturally found in the environment and is the result of a transformed primary source. Electricity Hydrogen Gasoline Converted from primary energy sources Coal, nuclear, or solar energy These resources are much easier to use than primary resources.

3. Renewable Energy Sources Sources that can constantly regenerate energy through chemical or physical transformations. Wind and Hydroelectric powers Solar energy Geothermal energy Tidal energy Biomass plant materials like wood and soy

4. Non-Renewable Energy Sources Sources that will eventually run out. Typically have long regeneration times and take millions of years to form. Fossil fuels crude oil natural gas coal Uranium (nuclear energy) produces radioactive waste

5. Fuel Sources for Energy And you Megan Jagolinzer, Carly Mocek, Ashley Tseng, Cathy Yang

6. Specific Energy vs. Energy Density Specific Energy Number of Joules that can be released for each kg. of fuel. J/kg Energy Density Number of Joules that can be released from 1 m. 3 of fuel. J/m 3

7. Some Examples Coal 2-6 ✕ 10 7 J/kg Natural Gas 5.5 ✕ 10 7 J/kg Hydroelectricity 10 3 J/kg Gasoline 4.5 ✕ 10 7 J/kg Coal 2-6 ✕ 10 13 J/m 3 Natural Gas 3.5 ✕ 10 10 J/m 3 Hydroelectricity 10 9 J/m 3 Gasoline 3.5 ✕ 10 13 J/m 3 Specific EnergyEnergy Density

8. Energy Density and Fuel There are few transportation fuels that pass the energy densities of gasoline. US Energy Information Administration ●Fuels that need more space for transportation can weigh down a vehicle. ●Less efficient. ●Gasoline/diesel have high energy densities and require less space. ●This makes them more efficient.

9. Energy Sources Derived from the Sun Wind and Hydroelectric Power heating of the earth’s surface wind and precipitation formed Solar Energy panels or collectors Biomass Energy stored sunlight (contained in plants)

10. Bibliography http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/energy-knowledge/energy- sources/primary-and-secondary-sources/ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/londongroup/meeting13/LG13_12a.p df http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/renewables.html http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=nonrenewable_home-basics http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/non-renewable-energy/ http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=secondary_home http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9991