1. Child Development Basics

2. Periods of Development Prenatal: Conception to birth Prenatal: Conception to birth time of fastest growth in human life span.

3. Infancy: Birth to age one Infancy: Birth to age one –“neonate” during first 6 weeks

4. Toddler: Talking to Potty Trained Toddler: Talking to Potty Trained –Usually ages 1-3

5. Preschooler: Ages 3 and 4 Preschooler: Ages 3 and 4

6. Early Childhood: Ages 5-8 Early Childhood: Ages 5-8 –“school aged”

7. Middle Childhood: Ages 8-12 Middle Childhood: Ages 8-12  Ages 11 and 12 are often called “Tween”  Pre-puberty

8. Adolescence: Ages 13-19 Adolescence: Ages 13-19 –“teenager”

9. Influences on Development Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture Nature= genetic predisposition of a child Nature= genetic predisposition of a child –Intelligence, Gender, Race, Genetic Disease, Sexual Orientation Nurture= ALL external conditions that affect a person and his/her development. Nurture= ALL external conditions that affect a person and his/her development. –Religion, Moral Code, Motivation, Technology, Community, Peers, Family, School, Cultural heritage… –#1 Family –#2 Peers

10. Of debate: personality, criminal behavior… Of debate: personality, criminal behavior… Both: weight, height… Both: weight, height…

11. The Three Domains Physical Physical Intellectual Intellectual Social Social

12. The Physical Domain Refers to physical body changes Refers to physical body changes –Height; weight –Vision; hearing –Puberty –Emergence of teeth –Physical health Also refers to the development of physical skills. Also refers to the development of physical skills.

13. Gross Motor Skills Use the large muscles of the body Use the large muscles of the body –Walking –Sitting –Jumping Rope –Running –Skipping –Kicking Gross motor skills are acquired before fine motor skills are mastered. Gross motor skills are acquired before fine motor skills are mastered.

14. Gross Motor Development Head control Head control Newborn6 months

15. Fine Motor Skills Uses the small muscles of the body Uses the small muscles of the body –Grasping –Writing –Cutting –Coloring –Picking up items –Drawing

16. Fine Motor Skills Newborn: Minimal control Newborn: Minimal control Six Months: Palmar Grasp Six Months: Palmar Grasp –Uses entire hand to pick up an object 9 Months: Pincer Grasp 9 Months: Pincer Grasp –Can grasp small objects using thumb and forefinger.

17. The Intellectual Domain Refers to development of thinking Refers to development of thinking –Includes attention span, memory, problem solving, imagination, creativity, academic skills, intelligence, and language. Often called the “Cognitive Domain” Often called the “Cognitive Domain”

18. The Social/Emotional Domain Social and emotional development are interrelated. Social and emotional development are interrelated. Social Development is learning to relate to others Social Development is learning to relate to others Emotional Development is refining, understanding, and expressing feelings. Emotional Development is refining, understanding, and expressing feelings.

19. Includes: Includes: –Self Esteem, Self Concept, Sexual Identity, Ethnic Identity, temperament, understanding others, interpersonal skills, trust, fear, sharing, humor, and friendships.

20. Three Basic Personality Types Easy 50% Easy 50% –Considered “happy” or “laid back”. Adjusts well to change. Difficult 30% Difficult 30% –May be “rigid” or “fiesty”. Common to have experienced colic as an infant and to be in to everything as they age. Very slow to accept change. Slow to Warm 15% Slow to Warm 15% –Shy. May resist new experiences. Sometimes called “thoughtful” and “quiet”

21. Gender Differences Girls: Right side of brain develops faster Girls: Right side of brain develops faster –Verbal skills develop sooner –Demonstrate better reading and speech skills –Use more highly developed social skills –Prefer toys with faces

22. Boys: Left side of brain develops faster Boys: Left side of brain develops faster –Visual and spatial skills develop faster –Logic skills develop earlier –Excel in math skills, problem solving and building –Prefer toys that build or propel

23. Characteristics of Development 1. Children develop in the same sequence, but at their own pace. 1. Children develop in the same sequence, but at their own pace. –Head Support –Sitting –Crawling –Standing –Cruising –Walking

24. Characteristics of Development 2. A child’s pattern of growth is in a head- to-toe direction, or CEPHALOCAUDAL, and in an inward to outward pattern called PROXIMODISTAL. 2. A child’s pattern of growth is in a head- to-toe direction, or CEPHALOCAUDAL, and in an inward to outward pattern called PROXIMODISTAL.

25. Characteristics of Development 3. Development proceeds at an individual rate. 3. Development proceeds at an individual rate. –For example: some girls will start menstruating at age 9 while others will start at age 15. –Some children walk at 8 months and others at one year.

26. Characteristics of Development 4. The areas of development are interrelated. 4. The areas of development are interrelated. –Children don’t develop physically one week and intellectually the next. –Consider speech  physical, intellectual, and social

27. Characteristics of Development 5. Children develop new skills from the simple to the complex 5. Children develop new skills from the simple to the complex –Eating with hands to eating with a fork –Adding to subtracting to multiplying to dividing

28. Characteristics of Development 5. Development continues throughout life. 5. Development continues throughout life. –Even decline in aging matters –Personality development