1. Human Rights Week 6, Lecture 2

2. The Game Plan Announcements? Name that Tune! APA format Human rights in general Human rights in sport Take home messages

3. APA Format Avoids plagiarism Makes your life easier Avoid losing marks Made easier by RefWorks http://library.nmu.edu/guides/userguides/st yle_apa.htm#website

4. Periodical (means a journal) Author, A. A., Author, B. B, & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx ( ), xxx-xxx. doi: ###### ***N.B., xx is the volume of the journal and appears in italics. The issue number for the journal goes in the brackets. So, if a journal comes out four times per year, you will have a number between 1- 4 in between the brackets. Giles, A. R. (2002). Sport Nunavut’s gender equity policy: Reality, rhetoric, and relevance. Canadian Woman Studies Journal, 22(3), 95-99. (no doi in this case)

5. Non-Periodical (e.g., book) Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Bracken, C. (1997). The potlatch papers. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. If the edition is not the first (e.g., the 4th edition) place (4th ed.) after the title of the book: Bracken, C. (1997). The potlatch papers (4th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.

6. Edited Work Chapter in an edited book (chapter written by A. A. Author which is xxx-xxx long, book written by B. B. Author) Author, A. A. (year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Author (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. (in this next example, the author is also the editor) Giles, A. R. (Ed.). (2005). You can learn about global health – yes you can. In Learning to about global health (pp. 309-330). Ottawa, ON: Tundra Press.

7. Electronic Sources Individual web page: Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States. (2010). Operation Uplink. Retrieved May 6, 2010, from http://www.operationuplink.org/ http://www.operationuplink.org/ Report/Document available on the web, no author identified, no publication date (provide title first) Elementary school math instruction questionnaire results. Most significantly improved schools. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.sharingsuccess.org/code/highperf/2002- 03/es_math/msi/index.htm http://www.sharingsuccess.org/code/highperf/2002- 03/es_math/msi/index.htm Video file Goyen, A. (2007, February 22). Downtown Marquette dog sled races [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW3CNCGGgTY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW3CNCGGgTY

8. Newspaper Article Giles, A. R. (2001, July 9). Eschewing the shoehorn. Globe and Mail, A12. (if an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma – e.g., pp. B1, B3).

9. In Text References pay special attention to where the PERIOD is located Direct quote: “APA 1122 is the best class” (Giles, 2012, p. 3). or Giles (2012) stated, “APA 1122 is the best class” (p. 3). or Summary of what was read: APA 1122 is an amazing class because of name that tune) (Giles, 2012). If multiple authors alluded to the same idea, you need to put both in brackets in alphabetical order, e.g., (Giles, 2012; Strachan 2007) When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (with period after “al”, and not italicized) When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (Giles et al., 2012)

10. How Long Can My Ref Be? If a quotation is less than 40 words, it appears in “ ”. If, however, the quotation is 40 or more words in length, it must be placed in a block quotation. A block quotation indented on the left side. It is NOT surrounded by “ ”. Another unique feature of block quotations is that the reference that follows the block quotation does not have a period that appears after it, as it does in every other situation. Instead, the period appears after the last word of the quotation. Being a dog foster parent is a lot of fun, though it can be quite hard work. For instance, one of the dogs I looked after (Gracie, a dog rescued from a shelter during Hurricane Katrina) was not really housebroken. Cleaning up after her was not my favourite thing to do, shall we say. She is, nevertheless, a great dog who now has a loving home. (Giles, 2009, p. 4)

11. Nitty-Gritty Other Info ***this is for the 6TH EDITION of the APA Manual. The title page is number page 1 (top right-hand corner) -alphabetize the reference list – if an author has more than one publication that you are citing, put his or her oldest work first -reference list is on a separate page and the page is titled References (not works cited, references used, etc, etc) -double space throughout - indent the first sentence of each paragraph (note that on the REFERENCE PAGE that it is the SECOND, THIRD, AND SO ON sentences of each reference that are indented, not the first) -do NOT have extra spacing between paragraphs (I’ve noticed students have a habit of having 3 spaces between paragraphs – this is incorrect) Use past tense or past perfect (Giles found or Giles had found NOT Giles finds)

12. Human Right in General Human Rights : “the rights one has because one is a human being” (Kidd & Donnelly, 2000, p. 132). Political: one person’s right means another’s person’s duty Enforcement of rights tricky Some countries promote social rights while ignoring (for example) social rights (Indigenous peoples) Imperialist instrument?

13. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 30 articles: right to education, to own property, to be free, not subjected to arbitrary arrest, peaceful assembly, right to rest and leisure, standard of living adequate for health, etc. Supported by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Fundamental freedoms, equality rights, mobility rights, legal rights, language rights, minority education rights Gender equity policies etc: what does this indicate?

14. Human Rights In Sport: Kidd & Donnelly (2000) Sport can compromise human rights and also promote them 1978: International Charter of Physical Education and Sport (UNESCO) “The practice of physical education and sport is a fundamental right for all”

15. Olympics & Human Rights Black Power: - the civil rights movement in 60’s Beijing: concerns over human rights abuses, freedom of the press, occupation of Tibet Children’s rights: –Chinese kids suffering and being pushed past limits in gymnastics.(fine line between training and child abuse) Vancouver: - “no Olympics on stolen land” violation of Aboriginal rights. »

16. Sport & Human Rights: Apartheid Apartheid : Afrikaans word meaning separation; policy of racial segregation in South Africa (1948 – 1990) Hunter (1979) UN wanted to pressure South Africa to change its apartheid system UN passed 8 resolutions in the 1970s pertaining to apartheid sport Condemned apartheid and selection based on race, not merit Refusal of entry for S. African teams Invictus? – having a mixed race national team in attempt to increase human rights)

17. Women’s Rights Title IX ( US ONLY!) – all people had to have same access to educational resources Hurdles, marathon, boxing, etc. Vancouver 2010: ski jumping –Didn’t want women in it since there were few of them, and it would “dilute” the worth of metals Few women: “ dilute ” the value of medals

18. Workers’ Rights Forced labour - nike –Pays workers less than $6/day compared to paying Tiger Woods millions to advertise Nike.

19. Athletes’ Rights: Haden (2001) Journal of Sport and Law Foul! The exploitation of the student- athlete: Student-athletes deserve compensation for their play in the college arena

20. Employees of University? Courts have (for the most part) said S-As have tax exempt status, so are not covered by workers’ compensation (for injuries, deaths on job) Universities do not have to pay taxes on paying tuition (like they would for salary) Some judges have noted that the form of compensation for the job shouldn’t matter, so they are employees Again, explotation

21. Arguments Universities make billions of dollars off of media/apparel/concession contracts Coaches “earn” money by having their athletes wear certain brands Student-athletes are amateurs : cannot make any money other than money for tuition, room, board, books No time for part-time jobs Student-athletes are thus exploited

22. Ways to Get Around Exploitation? Some have suggested “ laundry money” to give S-As money for gas, going out, etc. Question: Does $400 /year eliminate the exploitation?

23. Take Home Messages Know how sport can both promote and erode human rights + examples Have a great reading week!