1. CLAUSES – SENTENCE TYPES

2. Clauses Notes *Independent Clause – stands alone – S/V *Subordinate Clauses – can’t stand alone – S/V 1.Adjective Clause – describes word next to it and begins with relative pronoun: that, which, who, whom, whose The little boy who was crying lost his dog.

3. 2. Noun Clause – serves as a noun – S, IO, DO, OP, PN…must have it in sentence; begins with how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whomever, whom, whose, why. That Jim is talented is an understatement. (S) Another course in computers is what the counselor recommended. (PN) He believed that he passed the test. (DO) The judge will award whoever has the most original costume a prize. (IO) Grandmother has a kind word for whomever she meets. (OP)

4. 3. Adverb Clause – answers where, when, why, how, etc., and begins with a subordinating conjunction: after, although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, before, if, in order that, once, provided that, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while. The pitcher felt as though all eyes were on her. Because it was raining, we could not go today.

5. Clauses – Sentences Classified According to Structure SIMPLE – one sent./no clauses – The cat ran up the tree. COMPOUND – two sent./no clauses – The cat ran up the tree, and the dog barked. COMPLEX – one sent./clause – As the dog barked, the cat ran up the tree. COMPOUND-COMPLEX – two sent./clause – As the dog barked, the cat ran up the tree, and the children cried.

6. Examples 1.As she raced down the hill on her bike, she yelled to her friends. 2.My uncle went to Texas when he retired. 3.He explained what he was doing there. 4.If you don’t go today, you will be fired. 5.Jill does well because she studies. 6.The small turtle that was in the bucket was captured in the pond. 7.Before Paul had time to think, the crash occurred. 8.What he wants most is to win the contest. 9.She held on tightly to the rope as she climbed higher. 10.The flowers that were placed on the table are from Dad.