1. Investigating Ionic and Covalent Bonds

2. Covalent vs Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds- forms when two atoms share electrons Solutions of covalent bonds do not conduct electricity Ionic Bonds- atoms transfer electrons and form ions Solutions of ionic bonds can conduct an electric current

3. ● Form your testable question. Make sure to include something about ionic and covalent bonds. ● Form your hypothesis. ● Identify your Independent and dependent variables.

4. Problem: You will determine the conductivity of several solutions You will classify the compounds that were dissolved in the solutions as ionic or covalent

5. Procedure 1. Test that your conductivity tester is working by touching the two wire ends together. DO NOT LEAVE IT attached. It will wear out battery. 2. You will need to wear goggles. 3. Place microplate on a flat surface. Have numbered columns at top, letters on left. 4. Using the pipette inside each provided beaker, carefully add Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) to well A1

6. 5. Add pipetteful of sodium chloride (NaCl solution to well A2. Do the same for the following: A3- Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH) A4- Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) solution A5- Glucose (C6H12O6) solution A6- Glycerol (C3H8O3) Solution A7 – Distilled Water 6. Place the exposed ends of the copper wire into the solution in the well. Make sure to not touch the wire together and that they are submerged.

7. 7. Observe the LED. Use the brightness of the LED as an indication of conductivity. Use + (good conductivity) Use – (Fair conductivity) Use 0 ( no conductivity) 8. Remove wire, Dry with paper towel, repeat for all other solutions.

8. Data Table

9. ● Analysis Questions. ● 1. What was the conductivity of distilled water? ● 2. Why was the conductivity of distilled water measured? ● 3. What characteristic is common to the compounds that produce solutions that can conduct electricity? ● 4. What characteristic is shared by the compounds that produce solutions that do not conduct an electric current? ● 5. How do the conductivities of solutions of ionic and covalent compounds compare?