2.  Tell me one thing you did over the break  (Write it on your “Wednesday” from your old warm-up sheet and TURN IN)

3.  Read the first two paragraphs from the “Background Essay” to answer the following. 1. Compare Europe to other regions of the world at the turn of the 20 th century. 2. By the end of 1918, why was Europe’s confidence “shaken to its very core”?

4. World War I (1914-1918) KEY :

5. World War I (1914-1918) KEY :

6. MAIN Causes of World War I M N I A

7. Essential Question: What were the underlying causes of World War I?

8.  A nation’s policy to maintain strong armed forces.  European nations began to spend more money on their military in case a war were to break out. (They wanted to be prepared)  Required service in the military (known as conscription) was common in Europe before 1914.  This led to increased tensions between nations.

9.  Graphic from DBQ

10.  Military tension between European nations led to the formation of powerful military alliances.

11.  Military agreements among nations.  Triple Alliance =  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy  Triple Entente =  Great Britain, France, Russia  The Triple Entente was an agreement to defend each other in the event of a threat from Germany - a counter to the Triple Alliance

13.  Nation’s attempt to gain control of weaker nations  The countries of Europe were competing for trade and influence overseas. They were becoming increasingly hostile to each other:

15.  Extreme loyalty to a nation and concern for its welfare

16.  Nationalism can be a uniting force: Nationalism is what united Germany into one nation and Italy into one nation. People of those nations would be willing to fight in a war to support their nation.  Nationalism can be a dividing force: Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires contained lots of different ethnic and religious minorities.

17.  propaganda -ideas spread to influence public opinion   Government propaganda had stirred up national hatreds before the war.  When the war began, propaganda was used to urge people to defend their own country.

18.  Read the section “The Spark” in your background essay.

19.  Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary  Germany declared war on Russia  France declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary  Britain joined France and Russia  Europe was at war!

21.  Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia, who they believed had supported the assassins. Russia, the traditional friend and ally of their fellow-Slavs, the Serbians, came to their support. Russia's ally France also mobilized for war. Germany, the ally of Austria Hungary, then came to the aid of their ally and invaded neutral Belgium to get to France. When the French violated Belgian neutrality, Great Britain entered the fray. Other nations followed. What should have been a small local war became the first world war.

22.  WARM-UP: Tuesday  What would be the best title for this picture?

24. Characteristics of WWI Trench Warfare Military Technology - Total War

25. Governments wanted to encourage men to enlist for war. They said the war would be safe, hardly any fighting, an experience and over by Christmas. They used advertising posters (propaganda) to encourage this idea! A picture of soldiers going ‘Over the Top’

26. Posters always showed men ready and willing to fight. They never showed the boredom of the trenches or actual fighting taking place. Why do you think the government showed no fighting?

27. The reality of going to war was very different! = Trench warfare – warfare fought in trenches (ditches protected by barbed wire)

29.  The trenches explained:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvYII uxh2kY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvYII uxh2kY

31. How the uniform and equipment changed after just three weeks in the trenches…

32. No smiling and relaxed faces… No clean uniforms… Their equipment is scattered everywhere… Boredom and sleep are obvious…

34. The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

38.  What weapons were used?

39.  Rapid advancements in weapon technology meant that by 1918 tanks and planes were commonplace.

41.  90% of soldiers killed were shot by machine guns  In 1915 Germany became the first country to use poison gas in warfare  Planes were used for the first time  Tanks allowed troops to leave the trenches and advance against machine-gun fire  Long-range cannons caused a great deal of death and destruction  Torpedoes were used by submarines

42.  Total war = all of the nation’s resources are used in the war (including people)

44.  http://www.history.com/topics/world- war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/tech- developments-of-world-war-i http://www.history.com/topics/world- war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/tech- developments-of-world-war-i

45.  Imagine you are a soldier fighting in the trenches during World War I.  Write a letter home to a loved one describing your experiences in the war.

46. 1. Who made up the Central Powers? 2. Name 2 neutral nations 3. In what country was the Western Front located? WARM-UP: WEDNESDAY

47. U.S. Enters WWI 1914: U.S. Policy = 1915: German naval policy = 1915: Lusitania = 1917: Zimmerman Telegram = April 6, 1917 =

48.  Up to 1917, the US opposed war. Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as President with the slogan: “He kept us out of war!”  But that was all about to change!

49.  Video clips!  US Troops in WWI:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTyJTmxkZcQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTyJTmxkZcQ  Lusitania:  http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world- war-i-history/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in- 1915 http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world- war-i-history/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in- 1915  Zimmerman Telegram: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29937465 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29937465

50. 4 REASONS 1. US inability to remain neutral 2. United States economic and political ties to Great Britain

51. 3. German submarine warfare: In 1915 they sank the Lusitania (1000 people died, 128 were Americans) 4. The Zimmerman Telegram

52.  When and why did the U.S. join World War I?

54.  Set up your foldable:  Front RIGHT flap Armistice signed on: Dead: Wounded:

55.  Set up your foldable: BACK Armistice – Reparations - Treaty of Versailles Date: Background: Treaty terms: - Territory - Arms - Reparations and Guilt - League of Nations Results: Your NAME and class period!

56.  Battle of the Marne:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2o Y37PcNPQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2o Y37PcNPQ  End of WWI:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soFh WkxSZAY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=soFh WkxSZAY

57.  Turkey signed an armistice at the end of October, Austria-Hungary followed on November 3.  Armistice = agreement to stop fighting (truce)  Germany began to crumble from within: November 9 -Kaiser abdicated; slipping across the border into the Netherlands and exile.

59.  Official Radio from Paris - 6:01 A.M., Nov. 11, 1918. Marshal Foch to the Commander-in-Chief.  1. Hostilities will be stopped on the entire front beginning at 11 o'clock, November 11th (French hour). 2. The Allied troops will not go beyond the line reached at that hour on that date until further orders.  [signed] MARSHAL FOCH 5:45 A.M. Celebration in Paris Nov 11, 1918

60.  8.5 million deaths; 21 million wounded  vast areas of north-eastern Europe had been reduced to rubble. Flanders in Belgium had been all but destroyed with the ancient city of Ypres being devastated. The homes of 750,000 French people were destroyed and the infrastructure of this region had also been severely damaged. Roads, coal mines, telegraph poles had all been destroyed and such a loss greatly hindered the area's ability to function normally.

62.  Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded Belgium : 50,000 soldiers killed Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed America : 116,000 soldiers killed

63.  Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killed Austria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killed Turkey : 325,000 soldiers killed Bulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed

65.  The victors from World War One were in no mood to be charitable to the defeated nations and Germany in particular was held responsible for the war and its consequences.

66.  After such a devastating war, the victorious Western Powers imposed a series of harsh treaties upon the defeated nations. These treaties stripped the Central Powers of substantial territories and imposed significant reparation payments. As a direct result of the war, the German, Austro- Hungarian, Russian, and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist.

69.  Read through the information about the Treaty of Versailles.  Complete your foldable by summarizing each section listed below. Treaty of Versailles Date: Background: Treaty terms (don’t write anything here) - Territory: - Arms: - Reparations and Guilt: - League of Nations: Results: What is the difference between the Sunni and the Shi’a?

70.  Describe each of these political cartoons. 1 2

71.  Make sure you have access to Google Classroom!  There will be a homework assignment next week using Google Classroom.

72.  http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/map s_outbreak.html http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/map s_outbreak.html