1. Chapter 18-1 Laws and Our Society Why We Have Laws

2. What are Laws? Laws Laws Rules of society that are enforced by governments Rules of society that are enforced by governments Apply to all members of society Apply to all members of society Rules Rules Set standards of behavior Set standards of behavior Set penalties for failing to meet the standards Set penalties for failing to meet the standards

3. Purposes of Laws Bring Order to Society Bring Order to Society Tell us what we can and cannot do Tell us what we can and cannot do Traffic laws Traffic laws Set minimum standards of conduct Set minimum standards of conduct To promote a fair society To promote a fair society Tell us how things should be done Tell us how things should be done Help to define processes Help to define processes Tell us how to solve disputes Tell us how to solve disputes

4. Protect People’s Safety Protect people’s lives Protect people’s lives Prohibit dangerous acts Prohibit dangerous acts Protect the quality of people’s lives Protect the quality of people’s lives Especially children and the elderly Especially children and the elderly Hold parents accountable Hold parents accountable Protect with income safety net and medical care Protect with income safety net and medical care

5. Protect People’s Property Prohibits stealing Prohibits stealing Protects you if your property is damaged Protects you if your property is damaged Property includes ideas and inventions Property includes ideas and inventions Property includes copyrights, trademarks and patents Property includes copyrights, trademarks and patents

6. Patents Contract with federal government Contract with federal government 20-year monopoly of your invention 20-year monopoly of your invention After 20 years becomes public use After 20 years becomes public use Must disclose how to make or use it Must disclose how to make or use it Don’t want secret inventions Don’t want secret inventions Takes 3-5 years to get a patent Takes 3-5 years to get a patent Costs $10,000 Costs $10,000

7. Trademarks Aspirin – Bayer (expired 1921) Aspirin – Bayer (expired 1921) Heroin – Bayer (expired 1919) Heroin – Bayer (expired 1919) Escalator – Otis Elevator Co. (expired 1950) Escalator – Otis Elevator Co. (expired 1950) Thermos – Thermos (expired 1963) Thermos – Thermos (expired 1963) Yo-yo – Duncan (expired 1965) Yo-yo – Duncan (expired 1965) Zipper – B.F. Goodrich (expired 1920s) Zipper – B.F. Goodrich (expired 1920s) Band-Aid – Johnson & Johnson* Band-Aid – Johnson & Johnson* Kleenex – Kimberly-Clarke* Kleenex – Kimberly-Clarke* Jell-O – Kraft* Jell-O – Kraft* Xerox – Xerox Corp.* Xerox – Xerox Corp.*

8. Copyrights Wilson LibraryWilson Library | Law Library | 24/7 Chat | LEODelivers | My Library | Law Library24/7 ChatLEODeliversMy Library Wilson LibraryLaw Library24/7 ChatLEODeliversMy Library Author: Newell, James Edward. Title: Leadership styles and organizational culture : an examination of correlates in the U.S. Air Force / James E. Newell. Publisher: La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 1994. Author: Newell, James Edward. Title: Leadership styles and organizational culture : an examination of correlates in the U.S. Air Force / James E. Newell. Publisher: La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 1994.Newell, James Edward.Newell, James Edward. LOCATION CALL NO./VOLUME STATUS Wilson Dissertations - Archives (3rd Floor) UB210.N4 LIB USE ONLY LOCATION CALL NO./VOLUME STATUS Wilson Dissertations - Archives (3rd Floor) UB210.N4 LIB USE ONLYUB210.N4UB210.N4 Descriptix, 116 leaves ; Note: Thesis (Doctor of Public Administration) University of La Verne, 1994. Bibliog. Bibliography: leaves 110-116. Descriptix, 116 leaves ; Note: Thesis (Doctor of Public Administration) University of La Verne, 1994. Bibliog. Bibliography: leaves 110-116. Subject: United States. Air Force -- Personnel management. United States. Air Force -- Flight officers. Corporate culture. Leadership. University of La Verne -- Dissertations. Subject: United States. Air Force -- Personnel management. United States. Air Force -- Flight officers. Corporate culture. Leadership. University of La Verne -- Dissertations.United States. Air Force -- Personnel management.United States. Air Force -- Flight officers.Corporate culture.Leadership. University of La Verne -- Dissertations.United States. Air Force -- Personnel management.United States. Air Force -- Flight officers.Corporate culture.Leadership. University of La Verne -- Dissertations.

9. Protect Individual Freedoms Protects freedoms in the Constitution Protects freedoms in the Constitution Limits government’s power Limits government’s power

10. Promote the Common Good Protect society Protect society Air, water, food, products we use Air, water, food, products we use Help people in need Help people in need Unemployed, victims of natural disasters Unemployed, victims of natural disasters

11. Goal of Laws Common goal of laws: Common goal of laws: To encourage people to live together peacefully To encourage people to live together peacefully

12. Laws and Morals Morals Morals Beliefs about what is fair and right and wrong Beliefs about what is fair and right and wrong Are similar for most Americans Are similar for most Americans Values and morals hold our society together Values and morals hold our society together Not laws Not laws Civil disobedience Civil disobedience Breaking laws because they go against Breaking laws because they go against our personal beliefs our personal beliefs Willing to accept punishment Willing to accept punishment

13. Chapter 18-2 Where Our Laws Come From

14. Sources of Laws Legislature Legislature Statutes – written laws passed by legislatures Statutes – written laws passed by legislatures Congress or state legislatures Congress or state legislatures Judges’ Decisions Judges’ Decisions Common law – a body of law based on these decisions Common law – a body of law based on these decisions Based on beliefs and morals of the community Based on beliefs and morals of the community They can and do change over time They can and do change over time Based on precedent cases before Based on precedent cases before

15. Sources of Laws Legal code – written collection of laws Legal code – written collection of laws Organized by subject Organized by subject Long history of legal codes Long history of legal codes Code of Hammurabi – Babylonia – 2000 BC Code of Hammurabi – Babylonia – 2000 BC Codified the law (written down) for the first time Codified the law (written down) for the first time Justinian Code – Roman code Justinian Code – Roman code Early codes in colonies - MA Early codes in colonies - MA

16. Changing Laws All laws are subject to change All laws are subject to change Become obsolete, out of date Become obsolete, out of date Beliefs, values, customs change Beliefs, values, customs change Over time a majority of people may disagree with a law Over time a majority of people may disagree with a law

17. Chapter 18-3 Kinds of Laws

18. Criminal Law Crime Crime Any behavior that is illegal Any behavior that is illegal Government sees it as being harmful Government sees it as being harmful An act, or failure to act An act, or failure to act Must be a law against an act for it to be a crime Must be a law against an act for it to be a crime Criminal Law tells us Criminal Law tells us Which acts are crimes Which acts are crimes How the accused should be tried How the accused should be tried How the guilty should be punished How the guilty should be punished

19. Criminal Law - Felony Criminal law serves to protect society Criminal law serves to protect society Punishments must be fair and reasonable Punishments must be fair and reasonable Most have maximum and minimum sentences Most have maximum and minimum sentences Felony Felony Serious crime Serious crime Penalty can be imprisonment Penalty can be imprisonment for more than 1 year for more than 1 year Murder, arson, rape Murder, arson, rape

20. Make My Day Law Is Every Killing a Crime? Is Every Killing a Crime? Not in Colorado Not in Colorado 1985 law relating to uninvited entry to your home 1985 law relating to uninvited entry to your home Deadly Force is authorized if… Deadly Force is authorized if… Intruder is there for criminal purposes…burglary Intruder is there for criminal purposes…burglary Resident has reasonable belief that intruder’s intent was criminal Resident has reasonable belief that intruder’s intent was criminal Resident need not feel threatened to use force Resident need not feel threatened to use force No criminal charges can be brought No criminal charges can be brought No civil suits allowed No civil suits allowed

21. Criminal Law - Misdemeanor Misdemeanor Misdemeanor Less serious crime Less serious crime Petty theft, vandalism, assault Petty theft, vandalism, assault Penalty is often a fine, probation, community service Penalty is often a fine, probation, community service

22. Felony Jaynes, 30, who was considered among the top 10 spammers in the world at the time of his arrest, used the Internet to peddle pornography and sham products and services such as a “FedEx refund processor,” prosecutors said. Thousands of people fell for his e- mails, and prosecutors said Jaynes’ operation grossed up to $750,000 per month. Jaynes was convicted in November for using false Internet addresses and aliases to send mass e-mail ads through an AOL server in Loudoun County, where America Online is based. Under Virginia law, sending unsolicited bulk e-mail itself is not a crime unless the sender masks his identity.

23. Civil Law Civil Law Civil Law Group of laws which help settle disagreements Group of laws which help settle disagreements Cases brought to court by lawsuit Cases brought to court by lawsuit Government not automatically involved as in criminal cases Government not automatically involved as in criminal cases Judges use the following to rule on civil cases Judges use the following to rule on civil cases Precedent cases Precedent cases Statutes Statutes

25. Chapter 18-1 Quiz 1) Define a law. 2) Define morals. 3) What does civil disobedience mean? Give an example. 4) Name four reasons why we have laws. 5) Which amendment guarantees that laws will be applied fairly and equally to all people?

26. Chapter 18-1 Quiz 1) Define a law. Rules of society that are enforced by government. 2) Define morals. Beliefs about what is fair, right and wrong. 3) What does civil disobedience mean? Give an example. Breaking a law because it goes against personal morals. Rosa Parks, Rev. Martin Luther King, Gandhi, etc.

27. Chapter 18-1 Quiz 4) Name four reasons why we have laws. Need for Order Need to Protect Public Safety Need to Protect People’s Property Need to Protect Individual Freedoms Need to Promote the Common Good 5) Which amendment guarantees that laws will be applied fairly and equally to all people? 14th