1. CHARLEMAGNE FEUDALISM AND MANORIALISM THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH THE GROWTH OF ROYAL POWER HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE THE CRUSADES MEDIEVAL LEARNING ECONOMIC EXPANSION A TIME OF CRISIS

2. The Germanic tribes that defeated Rome weren’t able to set up a strong government Each tribe had its own leader who set up his own kingdom Franks – one of the most important groups who were Christians and ruled present day France The Franks most powerful leader was Charlemagne (800 C.E.) The pope made him protector of the Church and ruler of the Holy Roman Empire The Catholic Church became more and more important in the life of the people of Europe

3. The 500 years after the Western Roman Empire fell became known as the Dark Ages Trading decreased – very little trading occurred If it hadn’t been for the Catholic Church, very little of the learning of Greece and Rome would have been saved

4. Great military leader Christian emperor Wanted a united Christian empire Emphasized education Extended Christian civilization Blended German, Roman, and Christian traditions Set up an efficient government

5. WHAT IS IT? A loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord Little communication and no strong central government WHY DID FEUDALISM EMERGE? Kings were not strong enough They did not exercise much power

6. KING LORDS LESSER LORDS - VASSALS KNIGHTS SERFS

7. Medieval life revolved around the manor (a lord’s estate), which became the primary source of local agricultural production Peasants, knights and lords were tied together by mutual rights and obligations Serfs were peasants who were bound to the land LORDS SERFS

8. Economic system – Manorialism Life on the manor was characterized by farming/agriculture and self-sufficiency Peasants made up the majority of the population and lived and worked on the land; if they got married they had to pay the lord a fee(grain, honey, eggs, or chickens) In return, peasants had the right to farm several acres for themselves Three-field system – method used for farming by peasants

10. THREE-FIELD SYSTEM

11. EVERYDAY LIFE Christians attend village churches Some priests run schools in village churches All Christians pay taxes to the Church POWER OF CHURCH Pope leads Roman Catholic Church Church has its own laws and courts Church excommunicated those who did not obey rules

12. NUNS AND MONKS Some set up housing, hospitals, and schools for the sick and poor Some become missionaries Some preserve learning REFORM Church becomes rich and powerful Some clergy become corrupt Reformers try to make changes

14. In the 1050’s, the Seljuk Turks invaded the Byzantine Empire and conquered Palestine. The pope called for Europeans to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. For 200 years, thousands of knights fought religious wars called the Crusades. In the end, the Crusaders failed to regain the Holy Land. SELJUK TURKS (MUSLIMS ) INVADE THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, SPECIFICALLY PALESTINE. THIS IS THE START TO THE CRUSADES!

15. THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AFTER THE MUSLIM INVASIONS…

16. EFFECTS Trade increases People of different religions grow to hate each other Popes & kings BOTH become more powerful Europeans become interested in traveling People learn about other cultures The Crusades helped to speed up changes in Europe and to open it up to new ideas. The Crusades brought changes and caused Europeans to learn more about the Middle East and Asia CAUSES People want to free the Holy Land from Seljuk control Many people want to get rich and gain new land Some people want to see new places

17. HIGH MIDDLE AGES – 1000 – 1450 DURING THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES, EUROPEAN MONARCHS STRENGTHENED THEIR POWER BY CENTRALIZING GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPING TIES TO THE MIDDLE CLASS.

18. Domesday Book: the results of the census in 1086, that listed every castle, field, and pigpen in England and was used to build an efficient system of tax collecting Common Law: laws in England that were the same for all people Model Parliament: assembly that was called together in England including representatives from the “common people”; set up the framework for England’s legislature Estates General: governmental body set up in France in 1302; had representatives from France’s three classes

19. Magna Carta: rebellious lords forced the English King John to sign this document, which gave feudal rights that shaped government traditions in England; it asserted that nobles had certain rights and that the king must obey the law, protected the legal rights of people, and forbade the king from raising taxes without first consulting the Great Council

20. KINGS IN ENGLAND Decide who can build castles and where Force vassals to obey them Establish common law so that people are treated the same Collect records of who owns land KINGS IN FRANCE Make throne hereditary Become allies with the Church Organize army Take French lands from English king

21. Add to their lands Set up centralized government Collect taxes Create royal treasury Set up royal courts and royal law

22. A loose federation of mostly German states, headed by an emperor elected by the princes Holy Roman Emperors were unable to unite these states into one unified Germany because of constant struggles between the nobility and the Roman Catholic Church

23. CONFLICTS Holy Roman Emperors and the pope fought over land in Italy Emperors and popes both want to choose church officials (bishops) RESOLUTIONS The pope and his allies defeat the emperor Compromise: the Pope spiritually appointed bishops, and then the Emperor granted papal appointed bishops land

24. CLUNIAC REFORMS After much conflict between popes and Holy Roman Emperors, the Cluniac Reforms separated the two powers. CONCORDAT OF WORMS A document stating that only the Church had the power to elect officials

25. During the High Middle Ages, Europe’s economy grew. Cities and towns expanded, and a middle class arose. The growth of towns and the agricultural revolution transformed the way that people lived. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Increase in food production leads to population growth. A larger population needs more goods so trade increases. COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION More trade requires new ways of doing business. A middle class of merchants, traders, and craftspeople grows. As centers of trade increase, towns and cities get bigger.

26. FAMINE Crops fail People starve PROBLEMS IN THE CHURCH People resent rich clergy Church cannot comfort people during plague Reformers demand change The Late Middle Ages was a period of decline in Europe, marked by disease, corruption, and war.

27. HUNDRED YEARS WAR 1337 – 1453 English king wants to be the king of France Both England and France both want French land They fight for more than 100 years France defeats England BLACK DEATH Bubonic plague spreads from Asia to Europe (through rats) One in three people die Society and economy fall apart