1. Norman Conquest Katherine Chiu

2. Table of contents History 1.Claimants to the throne of England 2.Battle of Hastings 3.Bayeux Tapestry Linguistics 1.Influences 2.Vocabulary 3.Pronunciation 4.Names that borrowed from the Norman

3. Claimants to the throne of England

4. Family Tree

5. Edward’s death

6. Halley's comet

8. Harold Godwinson c. 1022 – 14 October 1066 Son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex Edward’s brother-in-law After Edward’s death, the Witenagemot ("meeting of wise men") chose Harold to succeed

9. Harald Hardrada c. 1015 – 25 September 1066 allied with Harold’s brother, Tostig the last great Viking king

10. c. 1028 – 9 September 1087 Son of Robert I, Duke of Normandy William the Bastard William the Conqueror William of Normandy

11. Battle of Hastings

12. Battle of Stamford Bridge 25 September 1066 Hardrada and Tostig were both killed 300 longships came to invade England. Only 24 longships went home.

13. William’s landing Strong winds stopped William sailing from August to late September. an invasion fleet of 700 ships and a large army landed at Pevensey on 29 September Harold marched quickly south, leaving many of his footsoldiers behind and exhausting the others

14. Battle of Hastings 14th October 1066

15. Battle of Hastings (Part I) Senlac Hill, near Hastings Harold's army was at the top of the hill, using a shield wall to protect themselves Norman knights on foot firing arrows followed by those on horseback charging up the hill A rumour suggested William had been killed. William took off his helmet to show them he was still alive. Shouting “Look at me! I am alive! And with God’s help we will win!”

17. Battle of Hastings (Part II) The Normans pretended to run away, then turned and cut down the Saxons The Saxons had lost their control of the top of the hill William used archers to break up the Saxon shield wall The housecarls failed to protect Harold

18. Death of Harold "Harold Rex Interfectus Est" (Harold the King is killed) 1.an arrow in the eye? 2.next figure lying to the right?

19. William the Conqueror William was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066 How he controls England: Castles The feudal system The Domesday Book

20. Consequences 1.broke England’s links with Denmark and Norway → Normandy and Europe 2.the Saxon nobles → the feudal system 3.built castles to defend themselves against the Saxons 4.reorganized the church: bringing men from France to be bishops and abbots 5.The Normans treated women much worse 6.Tensions between the English and their new French rulers lasted for at least three centuries 7.Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon words → the English language we use today!

21. Bayeux Tapestry

22. Introduction commissioned by Bishop Odo, William's half-brother 70 meters long and 50 centimeters tall made in Kent, England in the 1070s political propaganda / personal emphasis Latin text the end of the tapestry has been missing

23. The fleet sails under the protection of the pope and lands at Pevensey. The Battle rages.

24. Norman Influences on the English Language

25. Influences Norman Conquest contributed to 'an enormous enrichment of the English vocabulary' French became the “language of power and prestige” (for almost 300 years) written records: Latin language of the official class: French the speech of commoners: English At 43, William the Conqueror made an effort to learn English without succeeding

26. Vocabulary French impact is much more noticeable on the vocabulary war, ecclesiastical matters, heraldry, hunting, law, arts and fashion

27. 1137, the earliest adoptions from Norman French: tresor 'treasury' Canceler 'Chancellor' prisun 'justice' tenserie 'protection money' 12th century: duc 'duke' cuntess 'countess' curt 'court' messe 'mass' clerc 'scholar' Vocabulary

28. administration and government: service, prison and castle crown, state, empire, authority, sovereign, parliament, assembly, treaty, alliance, country, attorney, chancellor, judge, jury, noble, royal the titles of many offices: coroner, treasurer, marshal, governor, councillor, minister, warden, and castellan Vocabulary

29. the flesh of the animals (eaten mostly by the higher classes): beef, mutton, pork, bacon, venison, veal family relationships expressing more compound social relations: uncle, aunt, cousin, nephew, niece Vocabulary

30. Titles of rank French: baron, count, duke, marquees, peer, prince, sovereign English: earl, king, knight, lady, lord, queen English writers started borrowing French words in the 13th and 14th centuries Vocabulary

31. French words & native English words one of the words was lost both survived but had different meanings begin/commence; freedom/liberty; child/infant; happiness/felicity; friendly/amicable; hearty/cordial; house/mansion Vocabulary

32. Pronunciation Two main dialect groups in Old French: the language of the north the language of the south and central France (also known as the dialect of Paris) The Norman Conquest brought with it the Northern dialect which developed characteristics of its own and then is called Anglo-Norman.

33. Names that borrowed from the Norman William, Robert, Richard, Henry the most common male name in England Fitz (son of) from Latin filius (son) Turstin FitzRolf FitzGilbert "son of Gilbert"

34. Reference Hughes, Geoffrey A History of English Words. Oxford (UK) & Malden (MA): Blackwell, 2000. “The Impact of the Norman Conquest English Language Essay” on the Web 23 March 2015. 30 May 2016 https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/the-impact-of-the-norman-conquest-english- language-essay.phphttps://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/the-impact-of-the-norman-conquest-english- language-essay.php A History of Britain: "Conquest!". Martin Davidson, 7 October 2000. Web. 29 May 2016. http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjY3Mzk4NDA=.htmlhttp://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjY3Mzk4NDA=.html The Normans: “Conquest”. Dir. Fatima Salaria. Robin Dashwood, 2010. BBC Two. Web. 29 May 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZ0Ny0jTiGc&list=PLQxqdjpVmR2R2m3blIAZULAp12trsImhB "Battle of Hastings 1066." Battle of Hastings 1066. Web. 28 May 2016. http://www.battle1066.comhttp://www.battle1066.com "The Norman Conquest." BBC Bitesize. Web. 28 May 2016. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zsjnb9q/revision/1http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zsjnb9q/revision/1

35. Thank you!