3. Use an U. S. History textbook glossary and/or index to define the following terms.  J. P. Morgan  Corporation  Urbanization  Progressive Movement

4. Progressive Movement - An early 20th Century reform movement that returned control of the government and economics from the legislature to the people: some changes include: the primary system, recall, referendum, initiative, Australian ballot, 17th Amendment. Corporation - A business in which a group of owners called stockholders share in the profits and losses. Urbanization - Rapid growth of cities. by 1920, the urban population exceeded the rural population. The U.S. economic system was quickly becoming industrial. J. P. Morgan - One of America’s first millionaires. He made his fortune off banking around 1890. He helped finance emerging companies such as General Electric and International Harvester.

5. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Cornelius Vanderbilt  Australian Ballot  Initiative  Melting Pot Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What are the dates of the industrial age? 2. How do you think the Civil War may have encouraged the growth of industry following the war? Explain.

6. Cornelius Vanderbilt - One of America’s first millionaires. He made his fortune off the Great Pacific Railroad expansion and the steamship industry. his nickname, “Commodore”, developed as a result of his shipping interests. Vanderbilt University in Tennessee is named after him. Melting Pot - a mixture of people of different culture and races who blend together and abandon their native language and customs. It is a term often identified with the United States. Today many historians use the term “salad bowl”. Australian Ballot - a system where voters mark secret ballots in curtained booths: it replaced the use of colored ballots for various political parties Initiative - A bill originated by the people rather than the lawmakers.

7. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Referendum  Chinese Exclusion Act  Ellis Island  Immigration Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What invention do you believe has caused the greatest advancement in society in recent years? 2. In your opinion, can technology be dangerous? Explain your response.

8. Referendum - When voters (not legislators) vote on an initiative Chinese Exclusion Act - a law enacted in 1882 that prohibited all Chinese, except for students, teachers, merchants, tourist, and government officials, from entering the U. S. They were also ineligible for naturalization for a ten year period. This is eventually lasted until 1943. Ellis Island - immigrants entering the U. S. through New York (1800’s) Immigration - When individuals settle in a country in which he/she is not a native. Typically, the 1880’s served as the break between the “old” wave and “new” wave of immigrants.

9. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  John D. Rockefeller  Andrew Carnegie  Assembly Line  Impact of Business Consolidation - can raise or lower the price of a product. A result can be the formation of a monopoly Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Turn to pg. 115, What can you tell about the condition of the children from the photo? 2. In what ways, do you think factory owners exploit their workers?

10.  John D. Rockefeller - One of America’s first millionaires. He made his fortune off Standard Oil Company. He used then legal tactics as railroad rebates and predatory pricing to gain control of the oil industry. He is responsible for the trust form of organization.  Andrew Carnegie - One of America’s first millionaires and philanthropist. He made his fortune off of steel production. He sold U. S. Steel Company to J. P. Morgan in 1901 for $250,000,000. He used his wealth to build Carnegie Hall in New York City.  Assembly Line - Arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which a product is assembled by passing consecutively from operation to operation. Henry Ford is credited with the assembly line in producing automobiles.  Impact of Business Consolidation - can raise or lower the price of a product. A result can be the formation of a monopoly.

11. Use an U. S. History textbook glossary and/or index to help define the following terms.  Tenements  Ghettos  Robber Barons  Dawes Act (Indians) Write & Answer the following Questions 1. We have discussed four of America’s first millionaires, who is your favorite? Explain why. 2. What is a monopoly, give an example of a monopoly.

12. Tenements - Run down low rental apartment buildings that met the minimum standards. These buildings were very common in the 1870’s. They were found in the urban areas and catered to the poor and the immigrants. Hull House, begun by Jane Addams, in Chicago was one such building. Dawes Act (Indians) - passed by Congress in 1887 to Americanize Native Americans by allowing them to won their own property or farmland. In addition, this act broke up the reservation and redistributed that land. In exchange for renouncing their tribal holdings, Native Americans would become American citizens. Ghettos - a section of a city occupied by a minority group who live there because of social, economic and legal pressure common to the U.S. during the rapid urbanization period. Robber Barons – late nineteenth Century industrialists that exploited their employees and resorted to corruption to make a large profit. Eventually, these barons defended their wealth by donating large amounts of money to charities. Andrew Carnegie – Carnegie Steel, John Rockefeller – Standard Oil.

13. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Pure food and Drug Act  William Howard Taft  Ida Tarbell  Upton Sinclair Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Turn to pg. 132 look at the picture at the top. What groups of people are represented in the picture? 2. What point is the artist attempting to make?

14.  Pure Food and Drug Act - (1906) It forbade the manufacturing, sale, or the foreign and interstate commerce of food and patient medicine containing harmful ingredients.  William Howard Taft - 27th President from 1909-1913. He is the only president to later be appointed to the US Supreme Court (chief justice). While president, he instituted his “dollar diplomacy” foreign policy. He was a weak supporter of the Progressive Movement.  Ida Tarbell - revealed abuses committed by the Standard Oil Trust (John Rockefeller).  Upton Sinclair - published a novel The Jungle in 1906 that described the horrors of meat the packing industry. Publication of this book led to the development of federal meat inspection program. He was a leading muckraker.

15. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Recall  Meat Inspection Act  Woodrow Wilson  Clayton Anti-trust Act Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What are some problems that you think may occur as a result of urbanization (mass movement of people into cities)? 2. Why do you think single women were not allowed to leave Ellis Island on their own?

16.  Clayton Anti-trust Act - (1914) it strengthened federal anti-trust laws by enforcing and spelling out the business activities that were already forbidden under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.  Recall - enables voters to remove a public official from elected office before the end of his/her term by using a petition  Woodrow Wilson - 28th President from 1913-1921 he was president during WWI and created the “Fourteen Points” and the League of Nations, a world peace making organization. He served as President of Princeton University prior to being elected governor of New Jersey.  Meat Inspection Act - required government inspection of meat shipped from one state to another state.

17. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Jane Addams  16 th Amendment  Federal Trade Commission  Carrie Chatman Catt Write & Answer the following Questions  Where do you think most major American cities were located in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?  Do you think Americans of today still prefer life in cities compared to life in rural areas or the suburbs (Read page 137)?

18.  Jane Addams - founder of Hull House in Chicago, the 1st settlement house (1889). Addams was an active social worker during the 1900’s. She also helped found the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom in 1919 following WWI.  16 th Amendment - (1913) it authorized a national federal tax based on an individual’s income.  Federal Trade Commission - (1914) the government was authorized to investigate corporations and issue “cease and desist orders” to those engaged in unfair and fraudulent practices.  Carrie Chapmen Catt - woman’s suffrage leader in the early 1900’s. She helped secure the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920 and headed the National American Woman’s Suffrage Association. She worked with Susan B. Anthony in the Suffrage Movement.

19. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  17 th Amendments  Federal Reserve Act  Muckrakers  18 th Amendment Write & Answer the following Questions  What are some ways that we attempt to Americanize people today into our culture?  Why was tenement living so difficult?

20.  17 th Amendment - (1913) it authorized voters to elect senators directly. Originally, the state legislators elected them.  Federal Reserve Act - created a three level banking system which included the Federal Reserve Board, Federal Reserve banks, and private banks. The nation is divided into 12 districts and governed by the Board of Governors. It is also responsible for regulating the money supply in the United States.  Muckrakers - early 20th century journalist who uncovered wrong- doings by politicians and corporations. This name was coined by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906. A leading muckraker was Upton Sinclair with his book, The Jungle.  18 th Amendment - (1919) It prohibited the manufacturing, sale, and importation of alcoholic beverages (prohibition).

21. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Thomas Nast  Prohibition  19 th Amendment  Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt Write & Answer the following Questions 1. From your reading last night, Which of the problems common in cities of the late 1800’s was most threatening to the people who lived there? Explain. 2. From your reading last night, How did new modes of transportation segregate people in and around cities by their level of income?

22.  Thomas Nast - helped expose the Tweed Ring in New York City by disclosing their political corruption to the public in 1873. He was a political cartoonist. Much of his work appeared in Harper’s Magazine.  Prohibition - to forbid the manufacturing, sale, and importation of alcoholic beverages. This resulted from the 18th Amendment and lasted from 1919 until 1933.  19 th Amendment - (1920) It gave women 21 years of age and older the right to vote. (woman’s suffrage)  Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt - 26th President (1901-1908). He was the leader of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War and a conservationist who founded Yellowstone National Park. He eventually formed the Bull Moose Party in his unsuccessful bid for the White House. He was nicknamed the “trustbuster.” His portrait appears on Mt. Rushmore.

23. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Isolationism  George Washington Carver  Booker T. Washington  Samuel Gompers Write & Answer the following Questions  What are “rural-to-urban migrants”?  Who was Frederick Law Olmsted?

24.  Isolationism - The United States avoided conflicts or alliances with other nations at the beginning of the world wars.  George Washington Carver - first African-American student and faculty member at Iowa State University. He is renowned for developing innovative uses for the peanut. He was a Black educator and agricultural researcher at Tuskegee Institute.  Samuel Gompers - was the founder and the first president of the American Federation of Labor in 1886.  Booker T. Washington - a freed slave that graduated from Hampton Institute in 1881. He opened Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama in 1881 to teach blacks agricultural, mechanical, and domestic skills. He also created the National Negro Business League in 1901.

25. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  The New South  Open Door Policy  Roosevelt Corollary  Neutrality Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why did the new wave of immigrants encounter more resistance than had earlier immigrants? 2. Do you think pull factors or push factors were more important to immigrants, please explain your response?

26.  The New South - often used by historians to describe the post-1877 period. It is most prominently identified with a program of regional industrialization and agricultural diversification promoted by southerners in the late nineteenth century.  Open Door Policy - 1899 - Secretary of state John hay set a policy encouraging other countries to avoid interference with United States trading rights in China. All countries were to enjoy equal trading and development rights in China. This Open Policy eventually extended to include Japan.  Roosevelt Corollary - an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, under which the United States claimed the right to protect its economic interests by military intervention in the affairs of the Western Hemispheric nations. It was first used in the Dominican Republic.  Neutrality - The United States frequently stayed out of world conflicts by refusing to take sides. However, the United States would sell war supplies to opposing countries to gain income and economic growth prior to World War I. The U.S. remained “neutral” in World War I until 1917.

27. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Big Stick Policy  Dollar Diplomacy  Solid South  Grange Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why did Mark Twain describe the American society as “gilded”? 2. From your reading for homework, Why did amusement parks appeal to urban dwellers with a limited amount of money to spend?

28.  Big Stick Policy - Theodore Roosevelt advised “speak softly and carry a big stick!” He often encouraged his military to be discreet but to always be prepared to fight. He had the navy painted white (The Great White Fleet) and sail around the world to flex American muscle.  Dollar Diplomacy - the United States policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries. It originally began under President William Howard Taft to further the U. S.’s foreign aims in Latin America and the Far East.  Solid South - the domination of post Civil War southern politics by the Democratic Party.  Grange - 1867 - organized by Oliver Kelley. It was an organization (union) that provided socialization and education for farming families.

29. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Jim Crow Laws  American Federation of Labor  Eugene V. Debs  W.E.B. Dubois Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What effect do you think crime has on people living in areas affected by high crime rates? 2. In what ways did urban life improve during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

30. 13. Jim Crow Laws - Laws implemented by southern states that promoted black-white segregation during the post Civil War era. 14. American Federation of Labor - 1886 - an alliance of trade and craft unions organized by Samuel Gompers. Today, it is known as the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO). 15. Eugene V. Debs - organized the American Railway Union (1893) and was the leader of the American Socialist Party. He believed socialism was the answer to working people’s problems. He ran for president under the Socialist Party from 1900 until 1920. 16. W. E. B. Dubois - the first African-American to receive a doctorate degree from Harvard (1896); editor of The Crisis and founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

31. Use an U. S. History textbook’s glossary and index to define the following terms.  Plessy v. Ferguson  Agrarian Movement  Share Cropping/Tenement Farming  Populist Party Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What does term “prohibition” mean? 2. What became the measure of success for the middle class families of America at the turn of the 20 th Century?

32. 17. Plessy vs. Ferguson - 1896 - a Supreme Court case that ruled separation of the races in public accommodations to be legal thus establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine. The case originated in New Orleans, LA and dealt with riding street cars. 18. Agrarian Movement - also known as the Populist Movement during the reform period for farmers between the 1890’s - 1910. 19. Share Cropping/Tenant Farming - a system of farming in which a farmer farmed a portion of a planter’s land and received a share of the crops at harvest time as form of payment. 20. Populist Party - 1892 - demanded reforms for farmer debts and gave people a greater voice in government.

33. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Panama Canal  Allied Powers/Big Four  Fourteen Points  Yellow Journalism Write & Answer the following Questions 1. How would life in America be different if “Plessy vs. Ferguson had not occurred? 2. To what degree do you agree with the statement, “Wealthy people should give money away to care for the poor.” Explain your response.

34.  Panama Canal - was built by the United States beginning in 1903 and completed in 1914 at the cost of $356,000,000. The United States negotiated with Panama, formerly a province of Columbia, for the construction of the canal under the provisions of the Hay-Banau Varilla Treaty.  Allied Powers/Big Four - the nations and leaders of Great Britain - David Lloyd George, France - Georges Clemenceau, Italy - Vittorio Orlando, and the United States - Woodrow Wilson in World War I.  Fourteen Points - President Woodrow Wilson’s world peace plan that eventually set up the League of Nations. The 14 Points were never adopted by the Allies, however, the League of Nations would be. The United States never joined the League of Nations.  Yellow Journalism - a type of newspaper reporting in the late 1890’s that featured sensational headlines and stories. This technique was frequently used to excite citizens before a war. The leading yellow journalist were Hearst and Pulitzer.

35. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Imperialism  Submarine Warfare  Armistice  Bolshevik Revolution Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was the purpose of the Dawes General Allotment Act? 2. How did differing Native American and White views of nature lead to conflict between the two groups? Pg. 161

36.  Imperialism - the policy of extending a nation’s authority over the other countries by economic, political, or military means. U. S. imperialism begins circa the 1890’s.  Bolshevik Revolution – (1917) Vladimir I. Lenin and the Bolshevik Political Party (Communists) overthrew the Russian government of Czar Nicholas II (Romanov) at the same time World War I was in progress. Russia would withdraw from the war.  Submarine Warfare - German submarines in World War I were nicknamed U-boats (Under-sea-boat). These vessels were very efficient and used to intercept Allied cargo ships supplying European countries with war supplies. Submarines were truly stealthy because radar had not been invented.  Armistice - an agreement to stop firing. In World War I, the armistice took effect on November 11, 1918 at 11am.

37. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Selective Service Act  William McKinley  John “Black Jack” Pershing  Annexation of Hawaii Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What does the term “reform” mean to you? 2. Why were children allowed to work at dangerous jobs, such as mining? (see picture on pg. 212)

38.  Annexation of Hawaii - Hawaii was added to the United States as a territory prior to the Spanish-American War (1898) as part of American Imperialism. It was admitted as the 50th state in 1959.  William McKinley - 25th President from 1896-1901. he was president during the Spanish-American War and would later be assassinated in 1901 by Leon Czolgosz. Most of his administration was consumed with international affairs including the Open Door Policy in Asia.  John “Black Jack” Pershing - the American army commander in Europe during World War I and for the Punitive Expedition into Mexico in 1916 to capture Pancho Villa.  Selective Service Act - Congress authorized the drafting of men into the military following the United States declaration of war against Germany. The initial drafting age was 21-35, later extended from 18-45. it raised more than 4,000,0000 men for the war effort.

39. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Mobilization  Zimmermann Note  Protectorate  League of Nations Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why do you think the U.S.’s late entrance into the war would lead to a quick end to the War? 2. In your own opinion, what is a convoy?

40.  Mobilization - to prepare for war, over one million American troops were sent to France by 1918 to fight in World War I.The American Army was known as the A.E.F. (American Expeditionary Force).  Protectorate - a country that is technically independent, but whose government and economy are controlled by a stronger country; the nation or region is controlled by a stronger nation. The United States exercised this policy in Latin and Central America, particularly over the Dominical Republic.  Zimmerman Note - a telegram sent by the German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German Ambassador to Mexico, von Eckhart, and intercepted by British agents. The telegram suggested an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war broke out with the United States, Mexico would recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.  League of Nations - an international peace organization formed after World War I that aimed to promote security and peace for all members. It was the forerunner to the United Nations. The United States refused to join this organization

41. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Spanish American War  Patriotic Activities of WWI  Financing the War  Treaty of Versailles Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Name two women leaders for change and what did they do bring change for women? 2. What was the last state to vote to pass the 19 th Amendment in 1920?

42.  Treaty of Versailles - one of five treaties signed ending World War I, it held Germany responsible for the war. Among other terms, Germany was forced to pay $33,000,000,000 in reparations to the Allies. The United States refused to sign this treaty. The treaty was negotiated in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles near Paris, France.  Financing of the War - U. S. financing for World War I including Liberty or War Bonds that were sold to support the Allied cause. The bonds could be redeemed for the original value plus interest at a later date. Financing also included various taxes imposed by the government.  Spanish American War - Americans fought Spain over the mistreatment of Cubans. Eventually, the Americans won and received Spanish territory including the Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico. This war was settled by the Treaty of Paris of 1898.  Patriotic Activities of WWI - including the following: volunteer to register for military, buy Liberty Bonds/War Bonds, implement daylight saving time to save fuel, ration food, reduce waste, “meatless Mondays,” “wheatless Wednesdays,” and taxation.

43. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Scopes Trial  Jazz  Charles Lindbergh  William Jennings Bryan Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why did President Roosevelt work to establish the Department of Commerce and Labor (pg. 235)? 2. What did President Roosevelt want his Square Deal program to achieve?

44. Scopes Trial – (1925) (The Monkey Trial) – a Tennessee court case about the right to teach evolution in the public schools. Clarence Darrow was the lawyer for John Scopes, a science teacher in Tennessee. He was found guilty of teaching evolution instead of creationism and fined $100. William Jennings Bryan – was the lawyer for the state. Scopes’ case was financed by the American Civil Liberties Unions (ACLU). The Tennessee State Supreme Court eventually overturned the guilty conviction. Jazz – It is the off-beat rhythm of blues and ragtime combining African and American music. Famous jazz musicians were Duke Ellington, “Jelly Roll” Morton, Count Basis, and Louis Armstrong. This form of music developed around the turn of the century. Charles Lindbergh - (the Lone Eagle) made a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1927) in the Spirit of St. Louis from the U.S. to Paris, France, in 33 ½ hours.

45. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Women’s Right’s  Radio  Tea Pot Dome Scandal  Ohio Gang Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What is a “trust”?

46.  Women’s Rights – The 19 th Amendment gave females 21 and older the right to vote, women’s suffrage.  Radio – the first radio station in America was KDKA (1920).  Teapot Dome Scandal (1922) – There were two federal oil reserves: Teapot Dome in Wyoming and Elk Hills in California. Albert B. Fall, President Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, leased federal oil reserve lands to oil companies and received $300,000 in illegal bribes. He was later charged, convicted of bribery, and became the first cabinet member to go to prison.  Ohio Gang – were President Harding’s appointed officials and friends from Ohio. They engaged in various scandals and political corruption deals and eventually stole millions of federal funds leaving the Harding administration with a bad reputation.

47. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Warren G. Harding  Calvin Coolidge  Herbert Hoover  Racism/Prejudice Write & Answer the following Questions

48. 9. Warren G. Harding – 29 th President from 1921 -1923. Harding’s friends and political advisors were known as “the Ohio Gang” and became involved in political scandals (i.e. teapot Dome Scandal) and corruption. The left the Harding administration with a poor reputation. He was responsible for calling the Washington Arms Conference (1921-1922). Harding would die in office and was succeeded by Coolidge. 10. Calvin Coolidge – 30 th President 1923-1929. he was nicknamed “Silent Cal.” Coolidge was president during an economic prosperous time, the Roaring 20’s. Coolidge used a “laissez faire” approach to government. Large corporations were allowed to regulate themselves. He become president following the death of President Harding in 1923. Coolidge’s administration was responsible for the Dawes Plan (W.W.I) (not connected with the Dawes Plan for Native Americans) and the Kellogg-Briand Pact. 11. Herbert C. Hoover – 31 st President form 1929-1933. Hoover was president during the crash of the stock market and the beginning of the Great Depression. During WWI, he served as head of the commission for the Relief of Belgium and as Wilson’s U.S. food administrator. As president, he initiated the construction of Boulder/Hoover Dam. 12. Racism/Prejudice - Racism is the belief that there are differences in character or intelligence due to one’s race that depicts superiority over another race. Prejudice is an unreasonable unfavorable opinion of anther group.

49. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Harlem Renaissance  Talkies  Langston Hughes  Countee Cullen Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What does the term “imperialism” mean? 2. Can you compare the idea of Social Darwinism to Imperialism? Is there a relation between the two?

50.  Harlem Renaissance – African American literary, artistic, and intellectual awakening of the 1920’s to the mid 1930’s. This movement was centered in New York City’s Harlem community. Major personalities included Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay.  Langston Hughes (1920’s and 1930”s) – an African American poet during the Harlem Renaissance. A few of his works includes: The Weary Blues (1926), Not without Laughter (1930), The Big Sea (1940), Shakespeare in Harlem (1942).  Countee Cullen (1925) – Harvard educated Harlem Renaissance writer who used the classical style to depict the Black struggle in America.  Talkies – 1920’s nickname for telephone.

51. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Immigration Quota  Organized Crime  Roaring Twenties  The Great Red Scare Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What were the four causes of WWI? 2. What countries made up the Triple Alliance?

52.  Immigration Quota - Congress passed laws restricting immigration to 350,000 people and set up a quota or limit from each foreign nation.  The Great Red Scare - The fear of communism and other extreme ideas. This feeling was very common among Americans in 1919 due to the Communist takeover in Russia in 1919. Major events of this activity were the Sacco and Vanzetti case and the Boston Police Strike.  Roaring 20’s - during this decade, Prohibition was the law of the land. The United States faced an economic upturn after World War I. In addition, inventions and new products were readily available to consumers.  Organized Crime - during the 20’s and 30’s decades, Prohibition led to the formation of organized crime. This often took the form of the “mob” mostly located in the northern states along the Canadian border. This involved the smuggling of alcohol from Canada.

53. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Henry Ford  Mass Production  Installment Buying  Agricultural Depression Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was the “Great Migration”? 2. What was the purpose of the Espionage Act?

54. Don’t forget: You can copy- paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

55.  Henry Ford – (1920’s) responsible for the development of the assembly line for the production of the Model T Ford automobile.  Mass production – to manufacture goods in great quantities  Agricultural Depression – toward the end of the 1920’s the farmers were facing rising farm cost with falling farm prices.  Installment buying – (buying on credit) allowing customers to make partial payments at set intervals over a period of time until the debt was paid.

56. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Wright Brothers  Model T  Anti-Colonialism  Vietnam Write & Answer the following Questions 1. One of the effects of WWI was inflation, what impact might inflation have on people’s spending power? 2. Why was there a decrease in the number of women and African Americans in the workforce following the war?

57. Wright Brothers (1903) – Orville and Wilber Wright flew an airplane on December 17 th at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina approximately 120 ft. for 12 seconds. Model T (1915) – A Model T Ford sold for $390.00 due to the use of the assembly line (took an average of 93 minutes to build). This cost made it possible for nearly every American family to afford a car. Ford’s saying was “in any color you choose, so long as it’s black.” The Model T was also known as the “Tin Lizzie”. The last car rolled off the assembly line in 1927 at a cost of $300.00 Anti-Colonialism - a policy aimed against the development of colonies in the 20 th century. Vietnam – U.S. involvement in Southeast Asia (Vietnam) began in the mid 1950’s and would continue until 1975. Involvement centered around the Domino Theory (if one country fell to communism, then all countries would fall).

58. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Protective Tariff  Over-Production  Unequal Distribution of Wealth  Over-speculation Write & Answer the following Questions 1. How did the booming economy in the 1920’s lead to changes in American life? 2. Turn to pg. 328 use the graph, what was the difference in population between New York and Chicago in 1930?

59. Protective Tariff – a federal tax on imported good to make domestic goods competitive for the American consumer Over production – to produce goods/products beyond demand Unequal distribution of income – money or capital wars not spread out evenly across the population. People seemed to be either wealthy or poverty stricken. Over speculation – the practice of making high risk investments in hopes of getting a high gain or profit.

60. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Pessimism  Panic  Stock Market Crash  Under-Consumption Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why do you think the 1920’s has been described a “roaring”? 2. What popular musical genre was introduced during the 1920’s?

61.  Pessimism – the excitement of the 1920’s decade in the stock market began to diminish by 1929 as the value of shares of stock rose more slowly or even began to decline.  Panic – panic in the stock market began on October 24, 1929. (Black Thursday) when the public began unloading its declining stocks.  Stock Market Crash – (Black Thursday) on October 29, 1929, a record of 16.4 million shares of stock were sold on the stock market. This resulted in many stocks reaching a zero value. This crash led directly to the Great Depression. The panic began on October 24, 1929, (Black Thursday)  Under-consumption – to use below the level of satisfying human needs.

62. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Blacklist  Bootlegger  Dawes Plan  Hepburn Act Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What were young women with short skirts and rouged cheeks called? 2. What two groups continued to experience economic hard times even as the rest of society prosper during the boom of the 1920’s? (Pg. 329)

63. 1. Black List - list of persons who were not hired because of the suspected communist ties. 2. Bootlegger – one who sells illegal alcohol 3. Dawes Plan – agreement in which the United States loaned money to Germany, allowing Germany to make reparations payments to Britain and France. 4. Hepburn Act – 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines.

64. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Neutrality  Sensationalism  Militarism  Imperialism Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Who were two leading literary artists that contributed to the rise of black awareness during the Harlem Renaissance? 2. Who was Marcus Garvey?

65. 1. Neutrality – The U.S. Frequently stayed out of world conflicts by refusing to take sides. The U.S. remained “neutral” in World War I until 1917. 2. Imperialism – the policy by which strong nations extend their political military, and economic control over weaker territories. 3. Militarism - strong influence of military on government: a high level of influence by military personnel and ideals on the government or policies of a country or state 4. Sensationalism - use of shocking material: the practice of emphasizing the most lurid, shocking, and emotive aspects of something under discussion or investigation, especially by the media

66. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Franklin D. Roosevelt  Herbert Hoover  The New Deal  1 st 100 Days Answer the following questions, from your notes and class discussion from yesterday. 1. Why did the KKK eventually decrease in importance? 2. What were the effects of the 18 th Amendment and the Volstead Act?

67. Franklin D. Roosevelt – was the Democratic nominee in the Presidential race of 1932. He ran on a platform calling for a “New Deal.” He was elected in hopes of regaining the country’s economic growth from the Great Depression. He also called for a public works program. Herbert Hoover – was the Republican nominee in the presidential race of 1932.His platform called for limited government intervention in the Great Depression. The New Deal – This was the name given to FDR’s domestic program during the Great Depression. The plan was divided into three components: relief, recovery, and reform. 1 st 100 Days – This reflected the time period at the beginning of Roosevelt’s first term in which he had Congress pass his economic programs. This time period lasted from March 9 to June 16, 1933.

68. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Works Progress Administration (WPA)  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)  Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Name two literary writers of the 1920’s who were major contributors to American Literature. 2. Why were Americans able to flock to the movies in the 1920’s?

69. WPA (Works Progress Administration) – was created in 1935 to create public jobs for the unemployed. It concentrated on construction jobs such as building streets, highways, bridges, public buildings, and airfields. It also provided jobs in the arts and music. CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) – was created in 1933. It was designed to promote environmental conservation and to build good citizenship for the youth of America. It operated under the control of the U.S. Army. AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act) – was created in 1933. It encouraged farmers to plow under their crops to create a shortage of produce, thus raising the income of farmers. This was later declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) – was a governmental program created in 1934 to insure a person’s savings in a bank. The program was designed to prevent future runs on banks which had earlier deepened the affects of the depression.

70. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Social Security Administration  Tennessee Valley Authority  Fireside Chats  Huey P. Long NO QUESTIONS TODAY

71. SSA (Social Security Administration) – 1935 this act provided for old age insurance and unemployment insurance. The age at which an individual could collect social security was set at 65 and was paid for with a tax on employees and employers. TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) – 1933 authorized the government to construct dames in the Tennessee Valley to produce and sell electrical power. Fireside Chats – Franklin Roosevelt spoke to the nation over the radio reassuring them that the government was doing everything possible in reference to the depression. His easy manner and confidence made the public feel better about the depression. Huey P. Long – was governor of Louisiana (1928) and later U. S. Senator (1932). He proposed the “share the wealth” plan that later encouraged FDR to propose new taxes on the wealthy. Long began his run for the Presidency in 1935 against FDR. Long was assassinated in the Baton Rouge capitol in 1935.

72. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Eleanor Roosevelt  Francis Perkins  Black Cabinet  Brain Trust Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why was the Harlem Renaissance a significant in regards to how African American viewed themselves? 2. Who was Marcus Garvey?

73. Eleanor Roosevelt – wife of President Franklin Roosevelt. She was admired for taking an active part in the FDR’s career and the for standing up for women and African American rights. She eventually played a role in the adoption of the Declaration of Human Rights (1948). She represented the United States as its ambassador in the United Nations until 1953. Francis Perkins – first woman to hold a cabinet post, Secretary of Labor, under the FDR Administration Black Cabinet – an unofficial group that met weekly to hammer out priorities and increase African-American support for the New Deal. This group was led by Mary McLeod Bethune. Brain Trust – FDR’s expert academic advisors that designed his economic plan for recovery during the Great Depression.

74. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  20 th Amendment  21 st Amendment  Good Neighbor Policy  Court-Packing Plan Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was Hoovervilles? And why were they names as such? 2. How problems do you think people who were displaced might have faced during the Great Depression?

75. 20 th Amendment – it changed the official inauguration of the president to 12noon on January 20 th in the year following the presidential election. It also established the start of Congress on January 3 rd. 21 st Amendment – 1933 this amendment repealed the 18 th amendment (prohibition) and made it legal once again to sell alcoholic beverages. This is the only amendment to be ratified by the state conventions. All other amendments were ratified by state legislatures. This is the only amendment that repeals an existing amendment. Good Neighbor Policy – encouraged the U.S. trade with Latin American countries by lowering protective tariffs. The U.S. also loaned money to Latin American countries to build public works projects such as bridges, schools, hospitals, and water systems. This policy refers to the Hoover-Roosevelt policy of refraining from armed intervention in Latin America. Court Packing Plan – 1937 FDR proposed a bill, because of opposition to New Deal legislation, that would allow him to appoint six new justices to the Supreme Court for those on the Court at the age of seventy and above. This bill failed to pass Congress and later damaged FDR’s political reputation. The Court had invalidated programs such as the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA).

76. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Pearl Harbor  Lend/Lease Act  Neutrality Act  Cash/Carry Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What impact did the New Deal have on Women? 2. How did the New Deal affect African Americans?

77. Neutrality Acts – 1935-1941 the United States would withhold all loans and weapons to nations at war (belligerents) in Europe between 1939 and 1941. Lend/lease Program – it authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to U.S. security. The U.S. would provide war supplies when a country was in need and take money or land as payment later. The three major recipients of lend/lease were Great Britain, China, and the Soviet Union. Cash/Carry – under this plan the U.S. would try to stay neutral in World War II. Under this plan, nations purchasing goods from the US would have to pay cash for the goods and carry them on their own ships. Pearl Harbor – In November 1941, President FDR froze Japanese assets in the United States and blocked the sale of oil and steel to Japan. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese navy launched an attack on the American naval base at Pearl harbor, Hawaii, killing some 2,323 Americans. On December 8, 1941, FDR asked Congress for a declaration of war against the empire of Japan. In his speech, FDR declared the attack as “a date which will live in infamy.”

78. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Island Hopping  Atomic Bomb  The U.S. Role as an Allied Power  Selective Service Act (1940) Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What actions did President Hoover take to fight the effects of the depression? 2. Do you think competition fostered by capitalism is a positive force in societies? Explain.

79. U.S. Role as an Allied Powers (versus Axis powers) – In World War II the major Allied powers of Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and in 1941, the United States, waged war against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan (the Berlin, Rome, Tokyo Axis). Island Hopping – (1943-1945) The Allies and American forces in the Pacific under the command of General Douglas MacArthur began seizing the larger, more strategic Pacific islands that served as Japanese bases leaving the smaller, lightly defended islands along. Atomic Bomb – as part of the “Manhattan Project,” J. Robert Oppenheimer led the research project into the development of an atomic bomb. The research took place in the desert of New Mexico and finally tested in early 1945. The two bombs dropped in the war were on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) in which over 200,000 Japanese were killed. Selective Service Act – (1940) this was the first peace-time draft in U.S. History. It provided for the drafting of young males between the ages of 21- 36 (later expanded to 18-45).

80. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Financing the War (I will give this one to you)  Censorship  Rationing  Patriotic Activities No Questions today

81. Financing the War – The Revenue Act of 1942 authorized the Federal government to impose high taxes. In addition to taxes, the government also sold war bonds to the public. Censorship – the federal government examined documents and printed material to determine if it could in any way harm national security. Rationing – this is a fair distribution of scarce items in time of war, such as: fuel, food items, rubber, and nylons. Patriotic activities – (war movies) during WWII families planted home gardens to make up for the farm produce sent to feed the soldiers in Europe and the Pacific; these were called Victory Gardens. American entertainers volunteered to travel overseas and bring cheer to military personnel with musical events at holiday times; there were called U.S.O. (United Services Organization) shows.

82. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Role of Women  Mobilization  Black Market  Japanese Interment/Nisei Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What obstacle did FDR have to overcome to return to politics after his incident in the North Atlantic Ocean? (pg. 397) 2. How did paying farmers subsidies to grow less food help them stay in business? (Pg. 400)

83. Mobilization – (Office of War Mobilization) was headed by James Byres. He was in charge of war production and labor decisions. Role of Women – Females (symbolized by Rosie the Riveter) worked in defense plants during the war while her boyfriend (Soldiers) Charlie served in the maries. The government used images of Rosie the Riveter in posters and recruitment films of the 1940’s to attract women to the work force. Japanese internment/Nisei – The internment involved the force relations of Japanese-Americans away from the west coast to internment camps. Nisei were first generation Japanese-Americans who volunteered for the American military during WWII. Black Market – many rationed goods were sold illegally to the public to make profit by criminals.

84. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Price Controls  Harry S. Truman  Winston Churchill  Adolf Hitler Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why did economist such a John Maynard Keynes say that deficit spending was beneficial? 2. Did Social Security cover all workers equally? Explain.

85. Price Controls – the government instituted price controls during the war to prevent runaway inflation. Harry S. Truman – United States President at the end of World War II. He was responsible for making the decision to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Adolf Hitler – leader and dictator of Germany from 1933-1945. As leader of Germany, he carried the title of Der Fuhrer (The Leader). He masterminded World War II and the Holocaust. He was responsible for the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany. Winston Churchill - he was elected Prime Minister of Great Britain in 1940 and lead Great Britain for most of WWII.

86. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Benito Mussolini  Joseph Stalin  Hirohito  Tojo Write & Answer the following Questions 1. How did FDR change the nature of the Presidency? 2. What law was passed to limit presidential power after Roosevelt’s death?

87. Benito Mussolini – dictator of Italy during World War II. As leader of Italy, he carried the title of II Duce (The Leader). He was responsible for the rise of fascism in Italy. Joseph Stalin – He became the dictator of the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin. He served as the leader of the Soviet Union throughout World War II. Hirohito – He was Emperor of Japan throughout World War II. Tojo – He was the War Minister of Japan during World War II.

88. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  George Marshall  George Patton  Dwight D. Eisenhower  Bernard Montgomery Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What are at least two reasons you believe countries go to war? Why are these reason worth fighting over? 2. Where do dictators get their authority from? Why is it so difficult to move them from power once they obtain it?

89.  Do you feel that the U.S. France, and Britain responded appropriately to the aggression regimes in the 1930’s?  What would you had done if presented with the same circumstances?  How do you respond to bullies on school campuses when they pick on helpless victims?

90. 1. George C. Marshall – he was the U.S. Army Chief of Staff who authorized the invasion of Western Europe. He went on to become secretary of state and later secretary of defense. 2. George S. Patton – a general in the American Army during WWII. His greatest victory came at the battle of the Bulge. 3. Bernard Montgomery – the British general who defeated the Germans in Egypt during WWII. 4. Dwight D. Eisenhower – he was the Supreme Commander of all Allied forces in Europe in WWII. He planned and carried out the invasion of Europe (Operation Overlord) on June 6, 1944 (D- Day).

91. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Chester Nimitz  Charles DeGaulle (I will provide)  Douglas MacAuthur  G.I. Bill of Rights Write & Answer the following Questions 1. ANALYZE how does a totalitarian government differ from a democratic one? 2. EXPLAIN what role do you think morality and ethics played in Hitler’s government?

92. 5. Chester Nimitz – he was the American Admiral at the Battle of Midway in the Pacific during WWII. He commanded all U.S. naval operations in the Pacific. 6. Charles De Gaulle – was a French General who took control of the Free French. 7. Douglas MacArthur – Allied Commander in the Pacific during WWII. He is famous for the Phrase, “I Shall Return” (1944). He was the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Japan following the war in which he supervised the reconstruction of Japan. 8. G.I. Bill of Rights - (Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (1944) – The G.I. Bill of Rights was officially known as the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act. It provided benefits for returning serviceman after WWII such as college education, medical care, and new home mortgages.

93. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Brown vs. Board of Education at Topeka  Mass Communication  Nuclear Developments  Space Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What caused Britain and France to form an alliance with Poland? 2. What countries made up the Allied Powers?

94.  Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas – 1954 this Supreme Court case ruled that the “Separate but equal” doctrine was unconstitutional. It overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896. The Brown Case began the integration of public schools. The first test came in 1957 at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.  Mass Communication – the FCC (Federal Communication Commission) regulated, TV, Telephone, Telegraph, radio, and other communication industries.  Nuclear Developments – in the 1950’s the Soviets developed their thermo-nuclear weapons. The U.S. also later developed nuclear weapons.  Space – on July 20, 1969, the U.S. with its Apollo 11 Crew, landed the first man (Neil Armstrong) on the moon. Armstrong’s words at the time were “the Eagle has landed…”

95. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Computer Technology  Great Society  War on Poverty  Education and Housing Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was the Lend-Lease Act? 2. What was a “Blitzkrieg” and who first used this method?

96. 13. Computer Technology – During the 1980’s computer became available to every American family. 14. Great Society – the name given to President Lyndon Johnson’s domestic programs; many of the programs centered around the civil rights movement Major legislation included: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Medicare, Department of Housing and Urban Development, War on Poverty, the Job Corps, VISTA, food stamp program, Project Head Start. 15. War on Poverty – (1964) LBJ’s program to implement government aid for poverty level Americans. It was part of the Office of Economic Opportunity, in its first three years, the government spent $3,000,000,000 16. Education and Housing – The 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided 1.3 billon dollars to public education, Medicare, and Medicaid. The act offered assistance to underfunded public school districts.

97. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  War on Drugs  Minority Issues  Watergate  Women Issues Write & Answer the following Questions 1. When was Pearl Harbor bombed by the Japanese? Why did they do it? 2. What was the relationship of Japan and the United States prior to 1941?

98. 17. War on Drugs – President George H.W. Bush’s program to fight the American drug epidemic. He believed that the youth needed to be educated on the dangers of drugs and that drug importation needed to be stopped. 18. Minority Issues – racial unrest among black, Hispanic, Japanese, and Native Americans 19. Women Issues – Roe v. Wade gave women the right to have an abortion in 1973; in 1978 the ERA Amendment was defeated by the states. 20. Watergate – President Richard Nixon’s staff (Committee for the Re-election of the President-CREEP) was found wiretapping the Democratic National Committee’s office in the Watergate building. Nixon was forced to resign from office on August 9, 1974. The Watergate affair lasted from 1972 until 1974. Information of the break in was first reported in the Washington Post. In July 1973, the House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment against Nixon

99. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Terrorism  Assassinations  Truman Doctrine  Vietnam War Protest Write & Answer the following Questions 1. How did the U.S. victory at the Battle of Midway change the course of the war in the Pacific? 2. Why did the U.S. want to force Japan to fight a two- front war?

100.  Assassinations – The major political assassinations of the 1960’s involved: John F. Kennedy in 1963 by Lee Harvey Oswald, Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968 by James Earl Ray, and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968 by Sirhan Sirhan.  Vietnam War Protests – At Kent State University in 1970, college students protested the Vietnam War. The National guardsmen opened fire on the crowd. Four students were killed. Nixon implied that the student chaos caused the tragedy. The left a bad feeling among Americans.  Terrorism – the use of terror or intimidation by a group to attain a goal or advance their cause and control another group.  Truman Doctrine – 1947 a US policy enacted by President Truman that provides foreign aid (economic and military) to free nations threatened by internal and external opponents. Its purpose was to contain the spread of communism, especially in Greece and Turkey. It helped set the stage for the Marshall Plan.

101. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Peace Corps  Eisenhower Doctrine  United Nations  NATO Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Where did the D-Day invasion take place? Pg. 483 2. What was the code name given to the development of the Atomic Bomb during World War II?

102. 5. Eisenhower Doctrine – 1957, a US commitment to defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country. 6. Peace Corps – 1961, Founded by President Kennedy, it was an agency established to provide volunteer assistance to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in the areas of education, healthcare, and technology. 7. United Nations – International peacekeeping organization to which most nations in the world belong. It was founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development. The headquarters is located in NYC. Its major components include: The General Assembly, Security Council, Secretariat, and International Court of Justice 8. NATO – The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by Western European nations, and the United States and Canada.

103. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Warsaw Pact  Nuclear Developments  War Powers Act  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What problems in Germany did Hitler blame on the Jews? 2. What were the guidelines of the Nuremberg Laws?

104. Warsaw Pact – A military alliance was formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its communist Eastern European satellites in reaction to NATO. It was formally dissolved in 1991 Nuclear Development – In the 1950’s the Soviets invented their thermo-nuclear weapons. The US also developed their nuclear arms. In 1949, the Soviet Union Tested and exploded its own atomic bomb. Nuclear arms were developed in large quantities during the Cold War. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – 1964 give the president the right to take any measures to repel any attacks against the armed forces of US. It occurred during the Vietnam War shortly after North Vietnam attacked American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. War Powers Act – A law in 1973 limiting a president’s right to send troops into battle without consulting congress. If done so, the President is limited to 60 day’s of action and must return the troops within 30 days.

105. 1. In your own words, what does the term “Civil Rights” mean? 2. Why is it important to assure that individual’s civil rights are not violated? 3. Are African Americans the only group of people in U.S. History who have had their Civil Rights violated? If not, give an example. 4. Turn to page 579, look at the picture, why do you think the police officers are looking away from the protestors?

106. 1. What decision did the Supreme Court make in Sweatt v. Painter? (pg. 582) 2. Why did Governor Faubus send the Arkansas National Guard to Central High School in Little Rock? (pg. 584) 3. What role did Rosa Parks and Martin L. King Jr. play in the Montgomery bus boycott? (pg. 587) 4. Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock? (pg. 585)

107. . Time’s Up Sorry

108. 1. Read the primary source (paragraph) on pg. 585, why do you think Eisenhower made this speech? 2. Read “A Conflict Erupts in Little Rock,” pg. 584 why did Governor Faubus send the Arkansas National Guard to Central High School in Little Rock? 3. What event inspired the Montgomery bus boycott? 4. What main argument did the NAACP make in Brown v. Board of Education at Topeka?

109. 1. What do you think people who participated in sit-ins hoped to accomplished? 2. How did President Kennedy respond to the University of Mississippi rioters? (pg. 592) 3. What was the purpose of the “March on Washington”? (pg. 594) 4. Why were the SNCC leaders dissatisfied with the “March on Washington”? (pg. 596)

110. 1. Turn to page 647, look at the picture on page, what do you think this picture says about the belief system of such people? 2. How do you think the Vietnam War could be compared to the Cold War? 3. Turn to Pg. 648 (Top of page), complete “Analyzing Political Cartoons” Questions 1 & 2.

111. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Domino Theory  Containment Policy  Bay of Pigs  Cuban Missile Crisis Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why would the Cold War be called cold? 2. How could the death of Osama Bin Laden effect the next decade as it relates to terrorism vs. democracy?

112.  Domino Theory – the idea that if a nation falls under Communism, nearby countries will also fall. Originally formulated under Eisenhower, it was expounded under Kennedy.  Containment Policy – to block another nations' attempt to spread the influence of communism. This idea was popular in the US in the 1940’s, 50’s, and 60’s communism.  Bay of Pigs – 1961 the CIA secretly trained Cuban exiles to go into Cuba to overthrow Castro and his army. The invasion failed. Kennedy was embarrassed. Later Kennedy backed down but negotiated a treaty with Castro giving him financial aid. The invasion was planned under Eisenhower but carried out under Kennedy.  Cuba Missile Crisis – 1962 American U-2 planes photographed offensive nuclear weapons on Cuban territory and demanded that these missile be dismantled. The Soviet Union and Cuba backed down to the US threat and supposedly rid Cuba of missiles. JFK had ordered a naval and aerial blockade of Cuba.

113. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Berlin Crisis  Korean Conflict  Vietnam War  Middle East Conflict Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was the purpose of the “Containment Policy”? (Pg. 514) 2. What were the goals of the Marshall Plan? (Pg. 514)

114.  Berlin Crisis – The Berlin Wall was constructed overnight to separate West (Democratic) Berlin from East (Communist) Berlin in April 1963  Korean Conflict – Conflict between North and South Korea arose when North Korea crossed the 38 th parallel. The war lasted from 1950-1953 in which the US along with other UN countries, fought along the side of South Korea against China and North Korea. The purpose was to stop North Korea and the spread of communism.  Vietnam War – a conflict that tried to stop communism from spreading from North Vietnam into South Vietnam. The conflict for the US began in the mid 1950’s and lasted until 1975.  Middle East Conflicts – The Soviets initially supported Egypt, while the US supported Israel. Dating back to post-World War II (1948), with the creation of Israel, several wars have taken place: 1967 – Arab-Israeli War and again in 1973.

115. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Casablanca Conference  Yalta Conference  Potsdam Conference  Holocaust, Concentration Camps Write & Answer the following Questions 1. Why did the U.S. refuse to send troops to support Jiang Jieshi? (Pg. 519) 2. What two circumstances convinced the Communist in North Korea to end the War? (pg. 522)

116. 1. Casablanca Conference - Churchill and Roosevelt met to plan a strategy for fighting the rest of the war. They agreed to accept only an unconditional surrender of Italy, Japan, and Germany 2. Yalta Conference – A meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt in which the leaders discussed plans for the post war world. It required Germany’s unconditional surrender, the occupation zones of Germany, and for the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan. 3. Potsdam Conference – President Truman met with Stalin and Churchill to debate the future of Germany and Poland. They also demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan and that war criminals to be brought to trial. 4. Holocaust, Concentration Camps– The holocaust was German’s attempt to murder all European Jews. It lasted from about 1935 to 1945. The Germans established concentration camps throughout Eastern Europe where prisoners of war and other people (mostly Jews) were confined under harsh conditions.

117. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Genocide  Nuremburg Trials  Origins of the Cold War  Détente No Questions Today!

118. 5. Genocide – is the systematic destruction of a political, racial, or cultural group. In the 1920’s the Ottoman’s murdered the Armenians who they suspected of disloyalty to the government. In Nazi Germany, it was the Jewish Race. 6. Nuremberg Trials – 24 leading Nazi’s were placed on trial for war crimes against humanity. Twelve received the death sentence. They were held in Nuremberg, Germany between 1945 and 1948. Some Nazi official were tried in absentia. 7. Origins of Cold War – origin goes back to the 1890’s when Russia and the U.S. became rivals over the development of Manchuria. The rivalry was further intensified in 1917 when the Bolsheviks (Communist) took over Russia. Post WWII activities mark the rivalry between these two countries. 8. Détente – events to ease tension between nations during the Cold War. Two major events of détente was in the 1970’s when President Nixon visited both the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China.

119. Use an U. S. History textbook to define the following terms.  Chinese Revolution  Sun Yat Sen  Chiang Kai-Shek  Nikita Khrushchev Write & Answer the following Questions 1. What was the Eisenhower Doctrine, and how did it affect the CIA? (pg. 528) 2. What was the policy of mutually assured destruction? (pg. 525)

120. 9. Nikita Khrushchev – was the Soviet leader who opposed President Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis. He was the dictator of the Soviet Union following the death of Stalin around 1953. 10. Chinese Revolution – the communist forces under Mao Zedong began a civil war in 1947 to over-throw the Nationalist regime of Chiang Kai- shek. The Chinese Civil War lasted in some from or fashion from 1927 until 1949. 11. Sun Yat Sen – leader of the Nationalist (National People’s Party) in China and instrumental in the liberation and unification of China in the 1920’s. He is the father of the Chinese republic. 12. Chiang Kai-shek – President of China until 1949 when the country was taken over by the communists under Mao Zedong. He then became the leader of Taiwan, the Republic of China.