1. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.

2. Creating, reinforcing, changing people’s beliefs or actions

3. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Ethical goals Ethical methods

4. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.

5. Mental give & take between speaker & listener

6. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Portion of audience speaker most wants to persuade

7. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Questions of fact Questions of value Questions of policy

8. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Deals with truth or falsity of assertion

9. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that an earthquake of 9.0 or above on the Richter scale will hit California in the next ten years.

10. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. I.California is long overdue for a major earthquake. II.Many geological signs indicate that a major earthquake may happen soon. III.Experts agree that an earthquake of 9.0 or above could strike California any day.

11. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Deals with worth, rightness of idea or action

12. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that capital punishment is morally and legally wrong.

13. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. I.Capital punishment violates the biblical commandment “Thou shalt not kill.” II.Capital punishment violates the constitutional ban on “cruel and unusual punishment.”

14. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Whether course of action should or should not be taken

15. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Convinces audience policy is desirable Avoids encouraging action to support policy

16. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. “To persuade my audience that a balanced-budget amendment should be added to the U.S. Constitution.”

17. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Convinces audience to act in support of policy

18. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. “To persuade my audience to vote in the next student election.”

19. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

20. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Need Plan Practicality

21. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Is there a problem that requires change from current policy?

22. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. What is speaker’s plan to solve the problem with current policy?

23. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

24. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Will plan solve problem? Will plan create new problems?

25. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

26. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Problem-solution Problem-cause-solution Comparative advantages Monroe’s motivated sequence

27. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Main Point I:Documents existence of problem Main Point II:Presents solution to problem

28. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that the U.S. Congress should pass legislation curbing the spread of phony pharmaceuticals.

29. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. I.The spread of phony pharmaceuticals is a serious problem. II.Solving the problem of phony pharmaceuticals requires action by the federal government.

30. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Main Point I:Documents problem Main Point II:Analyzes causes Main Point III:Presents solution

31. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that action is required to deal with the problem of childhood obesity.

32. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. I.Childhood obesity is a major problem in the United States. II.There are two major causes of the increase in childhood obesity. III.Solving the problem requires dealing with both causes.

33. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

34. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Each main point explains why one solution is preferable to other

35. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that automakers should put greater emphasis on developing hydrogen fuel-cell cars than gas-electric cars.

36. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. I.Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars run entirely without gasoline. II.Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars do not emit any air- polluting exhaust.

37. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Five-step sequence for speeches that seek immediate action

38. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Attention:Gain attention Need:Show need for change Satisfaction:Provide solution Visualization:Enhance solution by visualizing benefits Action:Urge action for solution

39. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

40. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. (click above to play)

41. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.