1. You have 1 minute to identify and write down as many key terms as possible for each of the following photos...

2. 1 Mouth Lower course Oxbow lake Alluvium Distributaries Bar Delta Salt marsh Deposition Silt Floodplain Meander Tributary

3. 2 Source Upper course Angular Bedload Interlocking spurs Watershed V-shaped valley Rural

4. GCSE Controlled Assessment Fieldwork Focus

5. How well managed is your chosen stretch of river?

6. Objectives: To identify keys terms/features from rivers To define discharge and velocity Grade C students will: describe the Bradshaw model and identify some reasons Grade B students will: explain the reasons clearly with more development Grade A students will: fully develop their explanations and link some of the changes on the model together Skills you will all use/develop: -Working effectively as a group -Annotating diagrams in detail

7. The Bradshaw Model In pairs: -Annotate your model with descriptions for discharge, width, depth and velocity. Define discharge and velocity. -Discuss and then add to your annotations, any reasons (there is often more than one) for these changes. Try to explain these as fully as you can. YOU COULD: Repeat the above but for Load Size A/A*: -Discuss whether any of these river changes link together. Note these down on your model.

8. Now, join with another pair. Discuss your annotations and find out if the other group came up with any different (and relevant) annotations. Add these to your copy of the model. Did the other group miss any relevant points out or could they have developed an annotation better? Point this out to them. Make any necessary changes to your own.

9. Discharge (the volume of water at a certain point, measured in cumecs – cubic metres per second) increases significantly with distance downstream. Increases due to the input from a greater amount of the river basin above that point (more tributaries have added to volume) Width Distance across the actual channel, measured at the water surface in cm. Increases steadily due to increase in discharge/ input from tributaries/increas ed lateral erosion as river increases in velocity/energy.

10. Velocity Is the speed of water flow (distance travelled per unit of time (usually metres per second). Steady increase downstream. Downstream the river becomes more efficient as less water is in contact with the sides and bed of the channel. This means less friction and therefore water flows faster. Depth The height from the water surface to the streambed. Increases steadily downstream as does the size of the river. Increased vertical erosion as river velocity and erosional power/energy also increases.

11. Our chosen stretch of river...

13. Location of Data Collection Sites Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4

14. Word splat!! V-shaped valleyVelocityDischarge Channel efficiency LoadContours ImpermeableSurface run-off Rural Angular Tributary

15. Annotated Photographs – identify relevant features

16. Narrow river channel Large annular bedload No floodplain Path Annotated field sketches - How could you improve these labels? Scree Steep v- shaped valley

17. Large angular bedload - most of this is scree which has fallen into the river due to gravity acting on the steep valley sides, it is very angular because there has little chance for it to erode creating smaller and smoother pebbles. Turn them into annotations by adding some detailed information Identify which features are Natural and which are Human. Pick out any management. Footpath has stone gullies – this encourages surface run- off, therefore lag-time on this side of the bank would be quicker