1. APS Day 27 Agenda EU – to understand that the Presidency is a fairly weak office, vaguely constitutionally described, but with a huge organization under it to assist and advise the President and to administer and enforce the laws pages 10-11Complete pages 10-11 about the expansion of presidential power, advisors to and leadership qualities of President –Section 3 – navigate through WWW.Whitehouse.gov to complete a diagram of the President’s aides and advisors.WWW.Whitehouse.gov Questions from homework? Continue model congress.

2. Powers of President – Part 1 PowersConstitutional Source of power ExampleCongressional or Judicial Check Administrator“Executive Authority” A2S1C1 “Power to elicit advice” A2S2C1 Directed NSA to spy without warrants, created Office of Faith-based initiatives and hired a Chief of Staff to run the White House. Laws creating departments and agencies that also define the limits of these powers Impeachment Judicial Review Commander-in- Chief A2S2C1Ordered the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan and created the Gitmo detention facility. Ordered no habeas corpus for “illegal enemy combatants” Judicial review ended detentions without habeas corpus Congress changed law for Gitmo detentions Convene Congress A2S3C1Truman called special session to address domestic issues in ‘48 No check

3. Powers of President – Part 1 PowersConstitutional Source of power ExampleCongressional or Judicial Check VetoA1S7C2Bush’s first veto was a lifting of the stem-cell research ban, and last vetoed a bill banning waterboarding by the CIA Congress can override a veto by a 2/3 vote of both houses AppointmentA2S2C2Barack Obama has nominated his cabinet for appointment Senate will need to confirm all appointments and has already approved Robert Gates as the current Sec Of Defense TreatiesA2S2C2Bush 43 signs nuclear aid treaty with India Senate by 2/3 must approve treaty – did not do so yet. PardonsA2S2C1President Bush pardoned rapper John Forte and commuted Scooter Libby’s sentence No check

4. Part 2 Expansion of Presidential Power 1.The Constitution provides the formal powers in Article 2. a.Appointment b.Executive c.Commander-in-Chief d.Make treaties e.Send and receive ambassadors f.Veto The formal powers have been expanded by precedents set by previous presidents who have used these powers in new and novel ways like using the State of the Union message to set the legislative agenda for Congress or using the formal Commander- in-Chief power to commence wars like Korea and the Persian Gulf, or direct the federal bureaucracy as he executes the laws g.Suggest legislation h.Call Congress to special session i.State of the union message j.Pardons and reprieves k.Require reports from Department heads l.Execute the laws

5. Part 2 Expansion of Presidential Power 2. Inherent powers are connected to the formal powers, but are essentially “implied” like putting troops into combat as C-in-C use of executive orders as “Chief Executive.” Congress approves by law changes presidents have made by action such as authorizing wiretaps by President Bush that the NSA conducted prior to PATRIOT ACT 3. Congress has given the president more power through law by creating regulatory commissions that have the power to make “laws” because it is more efficient and makes more sense to have experts make rules rather than much more easily influenced legislators who have to compromise

6. The President The Executive Office of the President White House Office Office of Management and Budget National Security Council Office of Policy Development Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of the US Trade Rep Council on Environmental Quality Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Administration Executive The Congress Senate House Committees Congressional Budget Office Library of Congress General Accountability Office Gov’t Printing Office The Supreme Court 12 Circuit Court of Appeals 1Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 94 District Courts Federal Claims Court Court of Int’l Trade Territorial Courts Court of Appeals for the Armed Services Court of Veterans Appeals Administrative Courts Legislative Judicial The Executive Office of the President Provides advice and assistance to the Man In the Oval Office White House Office – “ The West Wing” - Headed by Chief of Staff Answers phones, writes letters, schedules travel Plans political strategy, writes speeches, meets with the press National Security Council – provides information and advice about the threats to the US, militarily, economically, criminally, environmentally Office of Management and Budget – develops the spending and taxing plan – determining how much money is being spent and where, and how much money will be needed in the near and distant future – the budget is as much a financial document as it is a statement of policy “put your money where your mouth is” Council on Economic Advisors, Office of Policy Development, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Office of the US Trade Rep, Council on Environmental Quality, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Office of Administration, National Critical Materials Council, National Space Council

7. The Congress Senate House Committees Congressional Budget Office Library of Congress General Accountability Office Gov’t Printing Office The President The Executive Office of the President White House Office Office of Management and Budget National Security Council Office of Policy Development Office of National Drug Control Policy Office of the US Trade Rep Council on Environmental Quality Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Administration The Supreme Court 12 Circuit Court of Appeals 1Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 94 District Courts Federal Claims Court Court of Int’l Trade Territorial Courts Court of Appeals for the Armed Services Court of Veterans Appeals Administrative Courts Legislative Executive Judicial Department of State Department of Defense Department of Treasury Department of Justice Department of the interior Department of Agriculture Department of Commerce Department of Labor Department of Health and Human Services Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Transportation Department of Energy Department of Education Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Homeland Security Major Independent Agencies (Note there are many more on next slide) Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) www.achp.gov www.achp.gov African Development Foundation www.adf.gov www.adf.gov Agency for International Development (USAID) www.info.usaid.gov www.info.usaid.gov American Battle Monuments Commission www.abmc.gov www.abmc.gov AMTRAK www.amtrak.com www.amtrak.com Appalachian Regional Commission www.arc.gov www.arc.gov Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board www.access-board.gov B Ballistic Missile Defense Organization www.mda.mil www.mda.mil Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, & Firearms www.atf.treas.gov www.atf.treas.gov Bureau of Arms Control www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureauac.ht ml www.state.gov/www/global/arms/bureauac.ht ml Bureau of Engraving & Printing www.bep.treas.gov www.bep.treas.gov Bureau of Labor Statistics www.bls.gov www.bls.gov Bureau of the Census www.census.gov www.census.gov Bureau of Transportation Statistics www.bts.gov www.bts.gov C Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services cms.hhs.gov cms.hhs.gov Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) www.cia.gov www.cia.gov Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigations Board (USCSB) www.chemsafety.gov www.chemsafety.gov Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) www.cftc.gov www.cftc.gov Commission on Civil Rights www.usccr.gov www.usccr.gov Commodity Futures Trading Commission www.cftc.gov www.cftc.gov Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) www.cpsc.gov www.cpsc.gov Corporation For National Service (CNS) www.cns.gov www.cns.gov D Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency www.darpa.mil www.darpa.mil Defense Information Systems Agency www.disa.mil www.disa.mil Defense Intelligence Agency www.dia.mil www.dia.mil Defense Logistics Agency www.supply.dla.mil www.supply.dla.mil Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board www.dnfsb.gov www.dnfsb.gov Defense Security Service

8. www.dss.mil Defense Threat Reduction Agency www.dtra.mil www.dtra.mil Drug Enforcement Administration www.usdoj.gov/dea www.usdoj.gov/dea E Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) www.epa.gov www.epa.gov Equal Employment Opportunity Commission www.eeoc.gov www.eeoc.gov Export-Import Bank of the U.S. www.exim.gov www.exim.gov F Farm Credit Administration (FCA) www.fca.gov www.fca.gov Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board www.fasab.gov www.fasab.gov Federal Aviation Administration www.faa.gov www.faa.gov Federal Bureau of Investigation www.fbi.gov www.fbi.gov Federal Communications Commission (FCC) www.fcc.gov www.fcc.gov Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) www.fdic.gov www.fdic.gov Federal Election Commission (FEC) www.fec.gov www.fec.gov Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) www.fema.gov www.fema.gov Federal Energy Regulatory Commission www.ferc.fed.us www.ferc.fed.us Federal Highway Administration www.fhwa.dot.gov www.fhwa.dot.gov Federal Housing Finance Board (FHFB) www.fhfb.gov www.fhfb.gov Federal Labor Relations Authority www.flra.gov www.flra.gov Federal Maritime Commission www.fmc.gov www.fmc.gov Federal Mediation & Conciliation Service www.fmcs.gov www.fmcs.gov Federal Mine Safety & Health Review Commission www.fmshrc.gov www.fmshrc.gov Federal Railroad Administration www.fra.dot.gov www.fra.dot.gov Federal Reserve System www.federalreserve.gov www.federalreserve.gov Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board www.frtib.gov www.frtib.gov Federal Trade Commission (FTC) www.ftc.gov www.ftc.gov Food & Drug Administration www.fda.gov www.fda.gov G General Accounting Office www.gao.gov www.gao.gov General Services Administration (GSA) www.gsa.gov www.gsa.gov Ginnie Mae www.ginniemae.gov www.ginniemae.gov I Institute of Museum and Library Services www.imls.gov www.imls.gov Inter-American Development Bank www.iadb.org www.iadb.org Inter-American Foundation www.iaf.gov www.iaf.gov Internal Revenue Services www.irs.ustreas.gov www.irs.ustreas.gov International Bank for Reconstruction & Development www.worldbank.org www.worldbank.org International Labor Organization www.us.ilo.org www.us.ilo.org International Monetary Fund www.imf.org www.imf.org International Trade Commission (USITC) www.usitc.gov www.usitc.gov L Legal Services Corporation www.lsc.gov www.lsc.gov M Medicare Payment Advisory Commission www.medpac.gov www.medpac.gov Merit Systems Protection Board www.mspb.gov www.mspb.gov N National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) www.nasa.gov www.nasa.gov National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) www.nara.gov www.nara.gov National Bioethics Advisory Commission www.bioethics.gov www.bioethics.gov National Capital Planning Commission www.ncpc.gov www.ncpc.gov National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS) www.nclis.gov www.nclis.gov National Council on Disability (NCD) www.ncd.gov www.ncd.gov National Credit Union Administration www.ncua.gov www.ncua.gov National Endowment for the Arts http://arts.endow.gov http://arts.endow.gov National Endowment for the Humanities www.neh.gov www.neh.gov National Highway Traffic Safety Administration www.nhtsa.dot.gov www.nhtsa.dot.gov National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency www.nga.mil www.nga.mil National Institute of Justice www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij National Institute of Mental Health www.nimh.nih.gov www.nimh.nih.gov National Institute of Standards & Technology www.nist.gov www.nist.gov National Institutes of Health www.nih.gov www.nih.gov National Labor Relations Board www.nlrb.gov www.nlrb.gov National Mediation Board www.nmb.gov www.nmb.gov National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration www.noaa.gov www.noaa.gov National Park Service www.nps.gov www.nps.gov National Science Foundation (NSF) www.nsf.gov www.nsf.gov National Security Agency (NSA) www.nsa.gov www.nsa.gov National Skill Standards Board www.nssb.org www.nssb.org National Technology Transfer Center (NTTC) www.nttc.edu www.nttc.edu National Telecommunications Information Administration www.ntia.doc.gov www.ntia.doc.gov National Transportation Safety Board www.ntsb.gov Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation www.nw.org www.nw.org Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) www.nrc.gov www.nrc.gov O Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission www.oshrc.gov www.oshrc.gov Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight www.ofheo.gov www.ofheo.gov Office of Government Ethics www.usoge.gov www.usoge.gov Office of Personnel Management (OPM) www.opm.gov www.opm.gov Office of Special Counsel www.osc.gov www.osc.gov Office of Thrift Supervision www.ots.treas.gov www.ots.treas.gov Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development www.oecdwash.org www.oecdwash.org Organization of American States www.oas.org www.oas.org Overseas Private Investment Corp. www.opic.gov www.opic.gov P Pan American Health Organization www.paho.org www.paho.org Patent & Trademark Office www.uspto.gov www.uspto.gov Peace Corps www.peacecorps.gov www.peacecorps.gov Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) www.pbgc.gov www.pbgc.gov Postal Rate Commission www.prc.gov www.prc.gov R Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) www.rrb.gov www.rrb.gov S Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) www.sec.gov www.sec.gov Securities Investor Protection Corp. www.sipc.org www.sipc.org Selective Service System (SSS) www.sss.gov www.sss.gov Small Business Administration (SBA) www.sba.gov www.sba.gov Smithsonian Institution www.si.edu www.si.edu Social Security Administration (SSA) www.ssa.gov www.ssa.gov Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration www.samhsa.gov www.samhsa.gov Surface Transportation Board www.stb.dot.gov www.stb.dot.gov T Tennessee Valley Authority www.tva.gov www.tva.gov Trade and Development Agency www.tda.gov www.tda.gov U U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis U.S. Customs Service www.customs.gov www.customs.gov U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service www.fws.gov www.fws.gov U.S. Forest Service www.fs.fed.us www.fs.fed.us U.S. Government Printing Office www.gpo.gov www.gpo.gov U.S. Institute of Peace www.usip.org www.usip.org U.S. Marshals Service www.usdoj.gov/marshals/ www.usdoj.gov/marshals/ U.S. Office of Government Ethics (USOGE) www.usoge.gov www.usoge.gov U.S. Treasury www.treas.gov www.treas.gov United States Holocaust Memorial Council www.ushmm.org www.ushmm.org United States Postal Service (USPS) www.usps.gov www.usps.gov United Nations Information Center www.unicwash.org www.unicwash.org V Voice of America (VOA) www.voa.gov www.voa.gov W Walter Reed Army Medical Center www.wramc.amedd.army.mil www.wramc.amedd.army.mil White House Fellows www.whitehousefellows.gov www.whitehousefellows.gov White House Commission on Remembrance www.remember.gov www.remember.gov Women's History Commission www.gsa.gov/staff/pa/whc.htm www.gsa.gov/staff/pa/whc.htm

9. Part 4 Leadership 1.Trustworthy 2.Strong 3.Self-esteem/confident 4.Competent 5.Integrity 6.Empathetic 7.Moral 8.Intelligence 9.Perseverance 10.Persuasive 11.Communicative 12.Telegenic And:

10. Part 5 Divided Government Divided government is when one branch of government is controlled by a different party than another branch – usually the Executive and the Legislative being different parties, like 2007. Divided government occurs because we have two dominant parties, and elections to Congress occur every two years. Thus, members of the president’s party may lose in mid-term elections as the electorate votes their displeasure in the president’s policies (2006) Divided government makes legislating difficult as in the mid-70s when A very left Democratic congress passed laws and over 50 times Republican Gerry Ford vetoed them. But Divided government is the most efficient check on abuse of power or overreaching by the executive and legislative branches like when Clinton vetoed the 1996 budget of Newt Gingrich or the current Congress has voted against changing Bush’s changes to Social Security

11. Model congress –Parties continue work –committee work on bills Hold hearings (discuss the findings and facts of the issue) mark up (make changes to the bill) committee vote and referral to floor Floor action Complete blue 31-32 Political pressure Lobbyists Constituents Executive branch Party Mass media Public opinion polls

12. What were the difficulties in legislating? How did conflict between chambers affect the process? How did the structure and process make legislating difficult? How difficult was compromising on your personal values during the legislative process? Did you have difficulty balancing party, personal, peer, constituent, and lobbying pressures?

13. American Political System 1. In practice, which branch of the federal govt. has the most power? Use current and /or historical examples to support your position. 2.Is our government today still based upon the following principals established by the Founding Fathers? Popular sovereignty Federalism Separation of Powers Limited Government Checks and Balances 3.Explain the role of TWO of the following groups and evaluate whether they have a positive or negative impact on the American political system. Political Parties Interest groups and lobbyists The Media