1. AP World History Chapter 33 Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence

2. The Colonial Divisions of Africa and the Emergence of New Nations

3. The Partition of South Asia: The Formation of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka

4. The Population Bomb Population control difficult – cultural factors – high mortality rates

5. Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems Towns – Slums become permanent – towns parasitic

6. Women's Subordination and the Nature of Feminist Struggles in the Postcolonial Era Indira Gandhi – Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India. The World's second longest serving female Prime Minister as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime minister in India. Corazon Aquino – The 11 th President of the the Philippines and the first women to hold that. She led the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She was named "Woman of the Year" in 1986 by Time Benazir Bhutto – 11 Prime Minister of Pakistan and founder of the Pakistan People’s Party.

7. Charismatic Populists and One-Party Rule Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana Soviet support Cocoa, cash crop Deposed, 1966

8. Military Responses: Dictatorships and Revolutions Muslim Brotherhood Hasan al-Banna Free Officers, 1930s Nationalistic Gamal Abdul Nasser – Allied with Muslim Brotherhood Nasser Land redistribution Free education Food staples regulated Forced British from Canal zone Israel – Six-Day War, 1967 Anwar Sadat Negotiations with Israel Hosni Mubarak

10. The Indian Alternative: Development for Some of the People Indian National Congress Social reform Economic development Democracy Civil rights Jawaharlal Nehru 1 st Indian Prime Minister Green Revolution – Agrarian Reform Private investment

11. Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of the West Pahlavi shahs Modernization Alienates religious leaders Overthrown by Khomeini, 1978 Ayatollah Khomeini Similar to Mahdi The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment, the Day of Resurrection) and will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny. Radical reform Sharia law Opposition suppressed Women more restricted War with Iraq 1988, peace

12. South Africa: The Apartheid State and Its Demise Nationalist Party Afrikaner 1948 elections Afrikaner rule Independence, 1960 Apartheid complete separation African National Congress outlawed Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko Opposition, 1960s Economic, political pressure, 1980s Mandela freed, 1990 Elections, 1994 Mandela president

13. Comparisons of Emerging Nations Patterns Some reflect traditions Depends on continuity of native culture