1. This 1865 cartoon pokes fun at two Richmond ladies as they pass by a Union officer on their way to receive free government rations This cartoon from the presidential campaign of 1864 shows the “Rail Splitter.” Shows Lincoln leveraging the broken nation back together with his running mate, Andrew Johnson

2. Wartime Reconstruction President Lincoln’s plan – Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 1863) South’s transition from slavery to free labor Freedmen’s Bureau – distributed food and clothing to impoverished Southerners & eased the transition of blacks from slaves to free persons The African American Quest for Autonomy

3. Presidential Reconstruction President Andrew Johnson’s program of Reconciliation Black Codes – sought to keep former slaves subordinate to whites by subjecting them to every sort of discrimination The 14 th Amendment made Blacks national citizens & provided a national guarantee of equality before the law In 1867, Congress overturned Johnson’s state governments and initiated military rule in the south

4. Impeaching President Johnson 15 th Amendment to the Constitution – prohibited states from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” Woman suffrage advocates were disappointed with the 15 th Amendment Freedmen, Yankees, and Yeomen The reconstruction constitutions introduced two broad categories of changes in the South: those that reduced aristocratic privilege and increased democratic equality and those that expanded the state’s responsibility for the general welfare

6. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (left) and Susan B. Anthony (right) were veteran reformers who advocated, among other things, better working conditions for labor, married women’s property rights, liberalization of divorce laws, and women’s admission into college or trade schools

7. Sharecroppers Sharecropping – in this system planters divided their cotton plantations into small farms that freedmen rented, paying with a share of each year’s crop, usually half Most African Americans remained depended on white landlords, who had the power to expel them at the end of each growing season Crop Lien - a merchant would advance goods to a sharecropper in exchange for a lien, or legal claim, on the farmer’s future crop

9. President Ulysses S. Grant Hero of the Civil War and supporter of congressional reconstruction Grant was not as good a president as he was a general. The talents he had demonstrated on the battlefield – decisiveness, clarity, and resolution – were less obvious in the White House In 1872, anti-Grant Republicans bolted and launched the Liberal Party

11. Northern Resolve Declines Economic depression of 1873 the Ku Klux Klan Act (1871), made interference with voting rights a felony Civil Rights Act of 1875, which boldly outlawed racial discrimination in transportation, public accommodations, and juries Slaughterhouse cases (1873) White Supremacy strengthens in the South The Redeemers - swore to save southern civilization from a descent into “African barbarism” The 1876 elections & the Compromise of 1877

12. Redeemers was a name taken by southern Democrats whose goal was to overthrow Republican rule & black political power

13. The Compromise of 1877 was an informal agreement in which Democrats agreed not to block Hayes’s inauguration and to deal fairly with freedmen, and Hayes vowed not to use the army to uphold the remaining Republican regimes in the South. This “Compromise” brought the Reconstruction era to an end