1. Blood Typing

2. Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner in the 1900’s discovered blood typing.

3. ABO Blood Groups Based on 2 Antigens (agglutinogens) 4 blood types: A, B, AB, O Blood antigens are genetically coded located on the surface of RBC membrane Antigen found on RBC corresponds to blood type.

4. Blood Groups TYPE ANTIGEN PRESENT –A A –B B –AB AB –O Neither A nor B

5. Blood Groups Antibodies are called agglutinins they develop after birth in the plasma You will have the antibody for the antigen that is NOT present. If you have A blood you have the A antigen on your RBC you will develop the B antibody

6. Antibody TYPE ANTIGEN ANTIBODY A A anti B B B anti A AB AB neither O neither anti A antiB

8. BLOOD TYPE PERCENTAGE O 45% A 40% B 11% AB 4%

9. A reaction outside the body between antigens and antibodies result in agglutination which means the blood cells clump together. A reaction within the body between antigens and antibodies results in hemolysis which means the red cells burst

10. Rh Factors 1946 Landsteiner, Levine and Weiner did research on the rhesus monkey and developed the Rh factor Three genes code for the antigen on red cells- C, D, E

11. Blood Types based on Rh Rh positive means the Rh antigen is present on the RBC (+) Rh negative means the Rh antigen is not present on the RBC (-)

12. Rh negative people that receive Rh positive blood can have the immune system develop Rh antibodies that will remain in the blood

13. Erythroblastosis Fetalis Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn A Rh negative mom may be exposed to an Rh antigen from the blood of a Rh positive baby during pregnancy or birth. If Rh + cell enters Rh- mom the mother’s immune system will respond and produce antibodies against the Rh positive blood antigen

14. In pregnancies thereafter Rh antibody may cause the placenta and cause RBC hemolysis in fetus. The baby will be anemic and very ill. This can be avoided by giving a Rh- mom antibodies in the form of a RhoGam shot within 72 hours after delivery of every Rh+ child

15. Blood Typing Blood typing is when blood samples are tested with known antiseras that contain known antibodies

16. O+

17. A+

18. B+

19. AB+

20. B+

21. o-

22. Cross Matching Cross matching is where typing the donor’s RBC’s are mixed with the recipients serum to check for compatibility before a blood transfusion

23. http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/m edicine/landsteiner/ Go to this website and type some blood