1. 11.1 Blood Antigens Unit D – Human Systems

2. Antigens Antigens are protein markers found on the surface of cells. Act like an ID card

3. ANTIGENS CAN: stimulate the formation of an antibody be used to identify blood type. Example: People with blood antigen A have type A blood.

4. ABO Antigens Type A blood has A antigens. Type B blood has B antigens. Type AB blood has A and B antigens. Type O blood has no antigens.

5. What happens… If you give one blood type to a person with another blood type? Blood Typing Animation

6. You can only give blood to a different blood type when You are blood type O (Universal Donor)

7. You can only receive blood from a different blood type when You are blood type AB (Universal Recipient)

8. Antibodies Produced by your body in response to foreign antigens. Form complexes with antigens and signal the immune system to clear and destroy cells attached to antigens.

9. Rhesus Factor Another antigen found on red blood cells. Individuals are referred to as “rhesus- positive” if they have rhesus factor antigen on their red blood cells. (Rh+) Individuals are referred to as “rhesus- negative” if they lack rhesus factor antigen on their red blood cells. (Rh-)

10. Agglutination Refers to the clumping of blood occurs when antibodies are produced in response to a “foreign” antigen. Agglutinated blood clogs blood vessels, preventing oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells.

11. Erythroblastosis fetalis Problems can arise if Rh- individuals are exposed to Rh+ blood. Specific problems occur when Rh- mothers give birth to Rh+ babies. Rh- mothers are exposed to baby’s Rh+ blood during childbirth. Mother will start to make Rh+ antibodies.

12. In following pregnancies, Rh+ babies may be exposed to antibodies against rhesus factor when they cross the placenta. The Rh+ antibodies from the mother will start to destroy the baby’s blood cells. The baby may suffer from deafness, brain damage and death.

13. Information for Question Justin has been in an accident. Justin has A+ blood.

14. 1. List the antigens found on the surface of Justins blood cells. 2. Identify the antibodies that this person could be producing. 3. List the blood types Justin could receive blood from, if he is in need of a blood transfusion.

15. 4. If Justin wanted to be a blood donor, what blood types could receive blood from him? 5. If a patient receives blood that is incompatible with his during a blood transfusion, identify and describe the problem that could arise.

16. Student Tasks for Lesson Complete “Blood Typing Practice” chart. Complete #10-18 on page 356.