1. Eurasia Maps A bunch of maps, about Eurasia. Lucas Gibson & Drake Fowler

2. Key Each text color represents a region of Eurasia: Western Europe Middle East South Asia Central Asia Southeast Asia The names of places are bolded for the major or most important empires or dynasties of that time period. This presentation is meant to show some examples of the empirical and dynastic changes of the Eurasian continent through world history. It is not a complete guide for the history of the continent and should not be read as such. Forward!

3. Shang/Zhou Mesopotamia Hittites/Persians Minoan/Mycenaean Indus Valley 3500 - 500 BCE BackForward!

4. 500 BCE – 600 CE Celts Alexander the Great Zhou/Qin/Han Huns Roman Republic Mauryan Seleucid Kushan Parthian Empire Yamato BackForward!

5. 600 – 1000 CE Roman Empire Sassanid Frankish Kingdom Turks Tang/Song Heian Magyars Chola Russia England Abbasid Cordoba Caliphate Harsha’s Empire Srivijaya BackForward!

6. 1000 – 1450 CE England Byzantine Empire Song/Yuan/Ming Majapahit Mongols Sultanate of Delhi Chola Golden Horde Ottoman Empire Khmer Ilkhanate Jagatai Khanate Holy Roman Empire BackForward!

7. 1450 – 1750 CE Ming/Qing Tokugawa Siam Mughal Empire Russian Empire Mongols Ottoman Empire England Union of Kalmar BackForward!

8. 1750 – 1914 CE Qing Spanish Empire British India Oman United Kingdom Sweden East Indies Ottoman Empire Persia Russian Empire Tokugawa Siam BackForward!

9. 1914 - Present USSR China India Turkey Iran Germany Tibet Sweden Indies Japan BackForward!

10. We hope you enjoyed this brief overview of the history of empires and dynasties on the Eurasian continent. RestartEndBack

11. Shang/Zhou Back Shang was the first Chinese dynasty, originally thought to be a myth by historians. Zhou was the second Chinese dynasty, and believed in the Mandate of Heaven, which they inherited from the Shang.

12. Indus Valley Back This region, also called Harappan, was known to be very technologically advanced for this time period, and had Urban Dwellings.

13. Mesopotamia Back This region was thought to contain the first written laws, known as ‘Hammurabi's Code’. This region is thought to have had the first advanced civilizations. Sumer and Akkad were some of the first large urban dwellings in this region.

14. Hittites/Persians Back The Hittites controlled much of Anatolia and had great skills in iron work, which facilitated their conquest of surrounding areas. The Persians were conquered by Sargon of Assyria.

15. Minoan/Mycenaean Back Minoan culture is matrilineal and usually worships female goddesses. Minoans had advanced architecture, including aqueducts. Mycenaean political power laid in the hands of the warriors, and they eventually conquered the Minoans.

16. Alexander the Great Back Alexander had a massive empire and was the king of Macedon. Eventually, Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III, conquered all of Persia, extending his empire to Punjab.

17. Muaryan Back The Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya. Some historians argue this empire was perhaps the most powerful in India until the British colonized it.

18. Kushan Back The Kushans were very distinct culturally; many men that could afford it had their heads artificially deformed. They often depicted themselves on horsebacks, so it is inferred that they had mad equestrian skillz.

19. Zhou/Qin/Han Back This region changed power many times during a time of warring states. The Qin came into power during this time, and ruled for around 200 years before they were taken over by the Han. The Han became very powerful, rivaling the Romans in some aspects.

20. Huns Back This is a semi-nomadic group which eventually spread to Europe under Atilla the Hun. Evidence shows that these people were not homogeneous but rather comprised of different Eurasian clans.

21. Yamato Back The Kofun period occurred during the Yamato’s reign. It was so called because of the Kofun burial mounds popular during this time. During this time Japan became more cohesive and evolved into an independent state, whereas before it was somewhat controlled by China.

22. Parthian Empire Back The power of the Parthian Empire was in its strong cavalry. Mithradates I extended the small state into a large, powerful empire. The Parthian government based itself off of the Achaemenid administration.

23. Seleucid Back This state was heavily opposed by the Persians, and they eventually lost control over Northern India. Kept the Achaemenid system of government and control.

24. Celts Back The Celts were a group of people who all shared similar traits, such as language. The Celts’ social system was based loosely on class and kinships. Most early Celts were organized into tribes which were led by Kings.

25. Roman Republic Back Founded in 753 BCE by Romulus and Remus. This state was controlled by two consuls, civil and military, which were elected by an assembly. Rome expanded, which lead to the Carthage war.

26. Roman Empire Back The Republic was changed into an empire after a brief civil war, and Julius Caesar was named the first ‘emperor for life’. The empire rapidly expanded to the Mediterranean basin, western Europe, and down the Nile to Kush.

27. Russia Back Russia was ruled by a Turkic people during this time. Russia was an important ally of the Byzantine empire and waged successful wars against the Arabs.

28. England Back Originally England was not a nation, but the name of a region which was inhabited by Anglo-Saxons. This area was ruled in by a number of small Kingdoms.

29. Frankish Kingdom Back Clovis I united the autonomous Frankish Kingdoms into one. The Frankish Kingdom is not recognized as an empire by historians because it was repeatedly split apart and reunited.

30. Cordoba Caliphate Back All Caliphs of Cordoba were descendants of the Umayyad dynasty of Persia. Many great Spanish Islamic buildings were constructed during this time, including the famous Great Mosque of Cordoba. A civil war practically destroyed the Caliphate in 1010 CE though it officially existed until 1031 CE.

31. Magyars Back The Magyars are a distinct ethnic group of Hungary. Hungarian is derived from a combination of Onogur and Hun, two peoples who lived in or near Hungary. The Magyars were primarily Christians.

32. Sassanid This dynasty was founded after the defeat of the last Parthian king. This dynasty heavily influenced Roman Civilization. Back

33. Abbasid Back The Abbasid government copied many aspects from the Persians. Governors were appointed to rule smaller provinces. Ulama (people with religious knowledge) and qadis (judges) ruled locally.

34. Harsha’s Empire Back Harsha (reigned 606-648) unified Northern India. Harsha was an excellent conqueror and administrator. Harsha’s empire died with him after he ruled for 41 years.

35. Chola Back Chola had a very powerful navy; they controlled the ocean from South China Sea to the Arabian Sea.

36. Tang/Song Back These cultures discovered fast growing rice and new agricultural techniques which greatly increased food supply. As a result, urbanization and population growth occurred. In addition, Buddhism was established in this time period.

37. Heian Back Although the emperor was supposed to be in power at this time, he was more ceremonial than anything. The actual power was in the hands of the Fujiwara family. Chinese learning dominated Japanese education.

38. Turks Back Turkish people were organized into clans and spoke unique languages. Mostly nomadic herders. The Turks lived mostly on the meat of their animals and made some leather crafts.

39. Srivijaya Back This society was established after the fall of Funan, and engaged in sea trade with both China and India.

40. Byzantine Empire Back This empire followed the Roman Empire, and had a very centralized state. Constantinople, which was rebuilt, was a center for crafts and industry, such as glass. The official language changed from Latin to Greek.

41. England During this time period the Magna Carta was signed. In addition, there were many independent states on the British Isles. Back

42. Holy Roman Empire This empire was run by an elected monarchy, and the monarch was chosen by the pope. This region was also divided into many different territories which were independently ruled. Back

43. Golden Horde Back This was one section of the original Mongol Empire, which was split up after Chinggis Khan’s death. These people overran Russia and maintained control until the mid-fifteenth centruy.

44. Ottoman Empire Back The Ottoman Empire eventually expanded into the Byzantine Empire. This expansion was facilitated by the effective use of gunpowder. Constantinople was ultimately taken, and it became the Ottoman capital.

45. Ilkhanate Back One of the four major divisions within the Mongol Empire. Ruled first by Chingis’ son Hulegu Khan. Eventually converted to Islam after Shamanism and Hinduism.

46. Song/Yuan/Ming The Song dynasty was destroyed by the Mongols and the Yuan dynasty was founded in its place. The Mongols were driven out of China by the Ming. Back

47. Mongols Back Chingis Khan, which means universal ruler, unified the Mongol tribes. Military units were based on previous tribes, and leaders were chosen for their loyalty and talent. After the death of Chingis Khan, the empire was divided into four sections between his children.

48. Jagatai Khanate Back Changati Khan, a son of Chingis Khan, ruled over this part of the Mongolian Empire.

49. Chola Back Very little information about the start of this dynasty but it is thought to be pretty ancient. Came to full power around 1050 CE and then began to decline

50. Sultanate of Delhi Back Agriculture very important in this area with cash crops being the most important. One of the few female Indian rulers, Razia Sultana, was in power during the time of the Sultanate. Muslim state, though it did not form allegiances with other Muslim empires.

51. Majapahit Back This empire was the last Hindu empire in the Malay archipelago. This empire contributed to the decline of the Srivijayan empire.

52. Khmer The Khmers built the Angkor society, including Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat. The Khmers mostly converted to Buddhism in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Back

53. Union of Kalmar This was a union that united the regions of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. This union was ruled by a single monarch. Although the countries were united, they were not without independence. The Union eventually broke up due to tensions between the states. Back

54. England Henry the Eighth lived during this time and started the English reformation. Henry wanted an annulment of his marriage and the Pope would not do it so england broke away from the Papacy. Back

55. Tokugawa The Tokugawa shogunate controlled all Daimyos and therefore controlled Japan. Tokugawa restarted the policy of isolation; this was broken when Commodore Perry went to Japan. Back

56. Ming/Qing The Ming forced the Mongols out of China. The Ming had centralized government control. Ming declined because of corruption and inefficiency. The Qing was established by Manchus who invaded from Manchuria. Back

57. Russian Empire After the sack of Constantinople, Russia became the only Christian state in Eastern Europe. Russia attempted to regain all of its lost territories in the 16 th century. Back

58. Mongols After the decline of the Mongol Empire most Mongols assimilated into local populations. One out of every 200 men in the world today has genes from Chingis Khan. The Mongols had the largest contiguous empire in world history. Back

59. Mughal Empire Mughal is the Persian word for Mongol and the founder of the Mughal dynasty was believed to be of Mongolian descent. Akbar had a strange religion; Din-i-Ilahi, a blend of many very different belief systems. The power of the Mughal empire peaked around the year 1700. Back

60. Siam Siam was never conquered by a European power because it utilized the tensions between competing European empires. Many Khmer customs were passed onto Siam. Back

61. Ottoman Empire After the capture of Constantinople, the Ottoman empire became a complete monarchy, under Mehmed the Conqueror. Eventually they conquered Serbia, Greece, Albania. Back

62. United Kingdom The United Kingdom, or UK, is made up England and Scotland and was united in 1707 under the Acts of Union. Britain was a major player in the Age of enlightenment. Back

63. Sweden This time saw the rise the Swedish Empire. Sweden lost many territories in this time; however it did gain control of Norway which it held for the majority of this period. There was a significant population increase in Sweden; from 1750 to 1850 the population doubled in size. Back

64. Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was the only Islamic empire to challenge the dominance of European powers during this time. This empire declined during the 19 th century and was destroyed in the aftermath of WWI. Back

65. Oman The Omanis people practice a small branch of Islam known as Ibadhism. The Omanis conquered some surrounding areas but they are not considered a true Empire. Back

66. Persia Persia had little power in the world during this time but could not compete with the rapidly industrializing nations of Europe. Persia was never officially conquered in this period but it was economically dependent on Europe. Back

67. Siam Back In 1939, Siam changed its name to Thailand. Although the government often changed in the twentieth century, it became a democracy in the 1980’s. Siam also drafted a new constitution in 1997.

68. Spanish Empire Back Oceania was one of many parts of the vast Spanish Empire. Even after many South American countries gained their independence, Oceania remained under Spanish control.

69. East Indies The Dutch East India company controlled this area of the world. They imposed harsh systems of forced cultivation which made the Netherlands rich and the local Javanese poor. The Javanese tried to have an uprising but it failed. Back

70. British India The British East India Company controlled India and repressed its people. The Sepoy Mutiny almost ridded India of British control but ultimately failed. The Indian National Congress started a struggle for independence that entailed massive protests of civil disobedience that eventually freed India. Back

71. Qing Qing control weakened considerably during this time. The Taiping and Boxer rebellions occurred; showing the weakness of the government. The Qing dynasty violently collapsed in 1912 following open rebellions and the formation of the Republic of China. Back

72. Tokugawa Japan ended its isolation during this time. It went from the Tokugawa feudal system to a modernized government during the Meiji Restoration. There was much anti-western sentiment during this time following Perry’s arrival. Back

73. Russian Empire Russian public support of the Czar disappeared during this time. Russia lost its power considerably during this time; shown mainly by its loss to Japan in the Russo-Japanese war. Back

74. USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a communist state for almost all this time period; it was dissolved in 1991. The cold war was an “fight” between the US and the USSR Back

75. Tibet Tibet has tried to become independent of China during this time; China will not allow this. China forced the exile of Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, in an effort to break the resolve of Tibetans urging for independence. Back

76. China China became the largest and most powerful communist state during this time; it has since become a “Republic.” China is now one of the largest exporters in the world due to its low labor costs. Back

77. Japan In World War I Japan fought on the Allies side; however this was mainly just to justify their own agenda of conquering neighboring states. In World War II Japan fought for the Axis and was crippled by a Nuclear attack. Japan has become a superpower during this time period; in part due to aid from the US after WWII Back

78. Sweden Sweden was technically neutral during World War I and World War II. In 1995, Sweden joined the European Union, or EU. Sweden is very industrialized and its citizens maintain a high standard of living. Back

79. Germany In World War I, Germany was defeated as part of the Central Powers by the Allied forces. In World War II, Germany was also defeated by the Allied powers. Germany is now a democratic republic. Back

80. Turkey In 1923, Turkey was founded as a Republic. The head of state in Turkey, the President of the Republic, is mostly a ceremonial role. Back

81. Iran Iran was occupied during World War II by the U.S. and the Soviet Union to prevent it from joining the Axis. In the 1980’s, Iran underwent a revolution and changed from a monarchy to an Islamic Republic. Back

82. India India was colonized by Britain, but gained their independence shortly after World War II, in 1947. India is now the largest democracy in the world. Back

83. Indies The Indies, also known as the East Indies, is a region which includes many countries. This region is very diverse, encompassing people of many different religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and many others. Back