2. Who was Andrew Jackson?Who was Andrew Jackson?  You need to try to understand who Andrew Jackson really was in order to understand decisions that he made.  You will be given a short video, a document written by a historian soon after Jackson’s death, and portraits that Jackson sat for during his life.  We know that Jackson was our controversial seventh president. You need to figure out what you can from the resources to answer the question “Who was Andrew Jackson?”

3. Who was Andrew Jackson?Who was Andrew Jackson?  With your neighbor:  read the primary source document, “James Parton’s Description of Jackson”  Discuss what it means and write your interpretation in your notes

4. Who was Andrew Jackson?Who was Andrew Jackson?  Look at the portraits – What do you see? How does Jackson change over time? What do we know about Jackson based on these portraits?  Add to your notes based on the portraits.

6. Who was Andrew Jackson?Who was Andrew Jackson?  Watch the following introductory video about Jackson – take notes as you watch.  For homework, write a well thought out and structured paragraph based on what you learned today that answers the following question:  WHO WAS ANDREW JACKSON?

7. Introductory VideoIntroductory Video

8. Controversial JacksonControversial Jackson  Homework Paragraph discussion.  Was Jackson controversial?  Positives?  Negatives?

9. Jackson and PoliticsJackson and Politics  What do you know about the powers of the American president?  Lets brainstorm as a class.  Andrew Jackson is elected the 7 th President of the United States in 1828.  He has been called our “first modern president”. Some say he reinvented the presidency.  Next you will be watching two short video clips on “reinventing the presidency”. Answer the questions on your handout as you watch the video.

10. Reinventing the PresidencyReinventing the Presidency

12. Jackson and PoliticsJackson and Politics  Many of the changes that we know as powers of the President today occurred during Andrew Jackson’s two terms. That is why many historians call him the “first modern president”.  “ Jacksonian Democracy ” – expansion of democracy during the 1820’s and 1830’s.  States changed their qualifications for voters  Some lowered or eliminated the requirement that men own a certain amount of property to vote  Political parties began holding nominating conventions  The “spoils system” – the practice of giving government jobs to political backers.

13. Sectionalism (Again!)Sectionalism (Again!)  Three regions in the country – with very different economies:  North – manufacturing, supports tariffs on imports  South – agricultural, against tariffs  West – emerging economy, supports internal improvements and sale of public lands  Tariff of Abominations :  A high tariff placed on imports – particularly on wool and particularly against Britain. Signed by Adams before he left office.  The north favored it to protect their industries from foreign competition  The south claimed it would hurt their economy because they could not afford to buy the materials they needed. Southerners saw it as a “hateful” or “abomination”

14. Tariff of AbominationsTariff of Abominations

15. Sectionalism (Again!)Sectionalism (Again!)  Nullification Crisis  Jackson had to face a dispute over tariffs. The question at the center of the issue was: Did an individual state have the right to disregard a law passed by the U.S. Congress?  The Southern view – stated by John C. Calhoun, who was VP of the United States and from South Carolina  States’ Rights Doctrine – because the states had formed the national government, state power should be greater than federal power.  The Northern view – believed that the American people, not the individual states made up the union.

16. Nullification

17. Nullification

18. Jackson and EconomicsJackson and Economics  The country was going through an economic shift  From an agrarian-based economy to a manufacturing- based economy.  Jackson strongly idolized the individual farmers and craftsmen who worked for themselves, but they were a dying breed in the new growing industrialization of America and the early rise of corporations.

19. Jackson and EconomicsJackson and Economics  The Bank War  To President Jackson the Second Bank of the United States epitomized two major threats:  It controlled the finances of the country despite being a semi-private corporation.  80% of the Bank was privately owned but it was supervised by Congress and the President  It prevented individual states from determining fiscal policy within their own borders  Jackson thought the Bank was not legal because he believed it was an unconstitutional power of Congress. He thought that the states should have the power to control banking.

20. Jackson and EconomicsJackson and Economics  McCulloch v. Maryland  Maryland passed a tax that would limit the bank’s operations  James McCulloch – cashier at the Maryland branch refused to pay. The state of Maryland took him to court and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court  The Supreme Court ruled that the national bank was constitutional.

21. Jackson and EconomicsJackson and Economics

22. The Bank WarThe Bank War  Why does Jackson dislike the Second Bank of the United States?  What does Jackson think about paper money?  Jackson threatens to veto the Bank’s new charter when it is sent to him, does he? Why is this different from what other presidents had done?

24. Partner SharePartner Share  Pros and Cons of Andrew Jackson  Expansion of the Presidency  Sectionalism and Nullification  The Bank War/Economics

25. 1 st Philosophical Chair1 st Philosophical Chair  Andrew Jackson was a successful president.

26. Jackson and the IndiansJackson and the Indians  Native Americans had lived in settlements stretching from Georgia to Mississippi.  President Jackson and others wanted this land opened up to settlement by white Americans.  Indian Removal Act of 1830  Authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River to lands in the west.  Congress then established Indian Territory – U.S. land in what is now Oklahoma where Native Americans were moved to.

27. Indian RemovalIndian Removal

28. The CherokeeThe Cherokee  Some tried to assimilate themselves into white culture in order to avoid removal.  You will be analyzing primary source documents in class and for homework. You will examine the style-of- life experienced by the Cherokee Indians in the 1830's and determine if their practices were compatible with the United States at that time.

29. Findings  Overall the evidence in your analysis should reflect that the Cherokee made significant changes that reflected American ideals at the time. They tried to adapt to the new situation.  Why then, were the Cherokee and other Native Americans in the American South, removed?

30. Indian RemovalIndian Removal

31. Legal ActionsLegal Actions  Worcester v. Georgia upheld the rights of the Cherokee Nation over the State of Georgia  The state of Georgia was forcibly moving the Cherokee off of their land in violation of an earlier treaty.  The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia.  The Supreme Court upheld the rights of the Cherokee and stated that the Cherokee nation was a distinct community in which the laws of the state of Georgia had no force  Jackson’s message on Indian Removal  Took no action with regard to Worcester v. Georgia  “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it” – by not enforcing the Supreme Court’s decision, Jackson violated his presidential oath to uphold the laws of the land.

32. Indian RemovalIndian Removal

33. The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears  800 mile forced march of the Cherokee’s  The Cherokee suffered from disease, hunger and harsh weather on the march  Almost one-fourth of the 18,000 Cherokee died on the march.

34. The Trail of TearsThe Trail of Tears

39. Questions?  Did Jackson have the right to remove the Indians?  Should he have removed them?  How do his arguments reflect his beliefs in states’ rights vs. federal jurisdiction?

40. Philosophical Chair #2Philosophical Chair #2  Rules  Must participate and speak – use your T-chart for ideas  Must wait to speak until at least one other person on your side has spoken  Must listen to all arguments – This is the information for your written test question.

41. Written AssignmentWritten Assignment  A well structured and organized written response to the following question:  Should Andrew Jackson be on the $20 bill?  You must include arguments from all four topics we have studied:  Expansion of the Presidency  The Nullification Crisis  The Bank War  Indian Removal  Your 2-3 paragraph written response is due on Friday 1/18.(You may type your response)  You will have an in-class open note multiple choice test on Thursday 1/17.